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Austrian Model of Trade and Growth of a Developing Economy
ShinHaing Kim 서울대학교 경제연구소 2016 Seoul journal of economics Vol.29 No.2
This paper develops a model of trade and growth for a developing economy based on the Austrian theory of capital. Two types of economies differ in terms of time preference rates. Each economy produces two capital goods, both of which provide services to consumers through their life periods. A human capital intensive capital good is produced by a relatively more roundabout method than less human capital intensive one. An economy with a low time preference rate exports a human capital intensive capital good to a high time preference rate economy. By importing a human capital intensive capital good and investing for a low vintage level of domestic human capital to the high vintage of the imported capital good, the growth rate of the high time preference rate economy increases. Another aspect of the Austrian trade model is to interpret the export of the consumer goods of a developing economy as the export of the domestic savings to finance the import of the capital good from the advanced economy. Trade contributes to the growth of the developing economy. Thus, the Austrian trade model exhibits the financial side of trade in the early stage of development.
Shinha Han,Hyunyul Kim,이영희,Myung Chul Lee,Jeunghak Kwon,이종길,Youngcheon Song,이상진,김광희,김경제 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.1
Auranofin (AF), a gold compound, is an orally active therapeutic agent used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a self-perpetuating inflammatory disease. RA is characterized by autoimmune- mediated proliferation of synovial cells that leads to inflammation, pain, and swelling in most major joints. However, the mechanism as to how AF relieves RA symptoms has not been fully elucidated. The object of this study was to examine the ability of AF to immunomodulate macrophages as antigen presenting cells (APCs). Macrophages are recognized as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, in that there is a relative abundance of macrophagederived cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) in rheumatoid synovium. In this work, we tested whether AF (2.5-20 mM) could inhibit inflammatory activity in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. AF decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in macrophages. Furthermore, AF inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings may provide an explanation for the clinical effects of AF in patients with RA.
( Shinhae Chang ),( Wangjin Lee ),( Byounggyu Kwag ),( Yun Hee Chung ),( In Sook Kang ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.4
Background/Aims: Recent studies have shown an association of epicardial fat thickness with diabetes and hypertension (HTN) in asymptomatic populations. However, there is lack of information as to whether there is similar association between pericoronary adipose tissue (PAT) and HTN in the patients who have acute or chronic illness. Methods: This study included 214 nonobese patients hospitalized with acute or chronic noncardiogenic illness. PAT thicknesses were measured from fat tissues surrounding left and right coronary arteries in enhanced, chest computed tomography scans, yielding the maximal PAT value from left and right coronary arteries was used for analysis. Baseline data from hypertensive (n = 81) and normotensive (n = 133) patients were collected and compared. Results: PAT is positively correlated with age (r = 0.377, p <0.001), body mass index (BMI; r = 0.305, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.216, p = 0.001), and total cholesterol (r = 0.200, p = 0.006). The hypertensive group was older (69.58 ± 11.69 years vs. 60.29 ± 14.98 years), and had higher PAT content (16.30 ± 5.37 mm vs. 13.06 ± 5.58 mm) and BMI (23.14 ± 3.32 kg/m² vs. 20.96 ± 3.28 kg/m²) than the normotensive group (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 2.193; p = 0.016), PAT thickness (OR, 1.065; p = 0.041), and BMI (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2; OR, 6.077; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for HTN. Conclusions: In nonobese patients with noncardiogenic acute or chronic illness, PAT thickness is independently correlated with HTN, age, and BMI.
A Timetable-based Transit Assignment Model
Shinhae Lee, Seungjae Lee 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2004 International journal of urban sciences (IJUS) Vol. No.
In this paper, a transit assignment model has been developed on stochastic networks, with considering vehicle capacity and scheduled timetable. The stochastic network based transit assignment model is appropriate to apply for bus and metro networks altogether since it can distinguish between uncertain and reliable travel times characteristics by imposing stochastic parameters on links or lines. The vehicle capacity constraint based model is useful to evaluate some alternative operational plans and policies in transit networks. On the other hand, the scheduled timetable based model is necessary to evaluate detailed transit operations by calculating personal route choice based on the exact timetables of the transit operations. As a result of this we can assign the passengers in more realistic representation.
Mizoribine inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in macrophages
Shinha Han,김광희,Hyunyul Kim,Jeunghak Kwon,이종길,김경제 대한면역학회 2007 Immune Network Vol.7 No.1
BACKGROUND: Mizoribine (MZR) is an imidazole nucleoside isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum. MZR is currently in clinical use for patients who have undergone renal transplantation. Therapeutic efficacy of MZR has also been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. MZR has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes by interfering with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Since the exact mechanism by which MZR benefits rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not clear, we investigated the ability of MZR to direct its immunosuppressive influences on other antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages. 0aMETHODS: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of MZR. To elucidate the mechanism of the therapeutic efficacy in chronic inflammatory diseases, we examined the effects of MZR on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in macrophages. 0aRESULTS: MZR dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide and pro- inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins 1beta (IL-beta) and IL-6 PGE2. Examination of gene expression levels showed that the anti-inflammatory effect correlated with the down-regulation of inducible nitiric oxide synthase expression, cycloxygenase-2 expression and TNF-alpha gene expression. 0aCONCLUSION: In this work, we resulted whether MZR (1.25~10 microgram/ml) inhibited macrophage activation by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO and PGE2. These findings provide an explanation for the therapeutic efficacy of MZR in chronic inflammation- associated diseases.
Kang, Shinhae,Song, Jihoon,Kang, Heekyoung,Kim, Sejae,Lee, Youngki,Park, Deokbae 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1
Objective : Insulin has well-known activities in controlling energy metabolism, cellular proliferation and biosynthesis of functional molecules to maintain a biological homeostasis. Recently, several studies have suggested that insulin may protect cells from apoptosis in different cell lines: however, little is known about the nature of its anti-apoptotic actigity. In many clinical disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased. With these facts as a background, we examined here whether insulin protects HepG2 cells from apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and, if so, which signaling steps are involved in this process. Methos : Intracellular DNA content, the degree of nuclear condensation or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase hydrolysis was measured to verify the occurrence of apoptotic events. Caspase-3 activity and ROS accumulation within cells were also measured. Western blot analysis was performed to identify fignaling molecules activated in response to insulin. Results : Serum starvation resulted in a marked accumulation of ROS, activation of caspase-3, and subsequent apoptotic cell death which were, in turn, markedly blocked by the addition of insulin. The anti-apoptotic activity of insulin was sensitive to blockade of two different signaling steps, activations of phosphatidylinosltol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). Conclusion : Insulin exerts and anti-apoptotic activity by suppressing the excessive accumulation of ROS within cells though signaling pathways including stimulation of PI3 kinase and ERK in HepG2 cells.