Kinetic favorability of Ru-doped LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ for high-power lithium-ion batteries

Chae, Ji Su,Jo, Mi Ru,Kim, Yong-Il,Han, Dong-Wook,Park, Sun-Min,Kang, Yong-Mook,Roh, Kwang Chul Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.21 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pristine and Ru-doped LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> samples were synthesized using a simple carbon combustion method. Crystallographic analyses combining X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed that formation of the Li<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>Ni<SUB>1−<I>x</I> </SUB>O-like impurity phase is prevented and that the lattice parameter increases as a result of Ru doping. Furthermore, its structure is partially changed to the more disordered spinel phase (<I>Fd</I>3<I>m</I>). Both this structural change and the disappearance of the impurity phase greatly enhance the rate capability and cyclic retention of LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> is doped with Ru<SUP>4+</SUP> to reduce the degree of cation ordering. </LI> <LI> Its structure is partially changed to more disordered spinel (<I>Fd</I>3<I>m</I>). </LI> <LI> This structural change is accompanied with the disappearance of impurity phase. </LI> <LI> These changes greatly enhance rate capability and cyclic retention of LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Insights into the Early Growth of Homogeneous Single-Layer Graphene over Ni–Mo Binary Substrates

Rü,mmeli, Mark H.,Zeng, Mengqi,Melkhanova, Svetlana,Gorantla, Sandeep,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Fu, Lei,Yan, Chenglin,Oswald, Steffen,Mendes, Rafael G.,Makarov, Denys,Schmidt, Oliver,Eckert, Jü,r American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.19

<P>The employment of Ni–Mo films has recently been shown to yield strictly homogeneous single-layer graphene. In this study, we systematically investigate the different stages of nucleation and growth of graphene over Ni–Mo layers. The studies reveal that the Ni film breaks up and diffuses into the underlying Mo foil, forming a Ni–Mo intermetallic. Nucleation only occurs from Ni sites, and thus, the nucleation density can be controlled by the Ni film thickness. Both nucleation and growth of the graphene are shown to be susceptible to very efficient self-termination processes to the formation of molybdenum carbide, and this guarantees the formation of large area graphene that consists <I>entirely</I> of monolayer graphene.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-19/cm4020783/production/images/medium/cm-2013-020783_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm4020783'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

On the Role of Vapor Trapping for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Grown Graphene over Copper

Rü,mmeli, Mark H.,Gorantla, Sandeep,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Phieler, Johannes,Geißler, Nicole,Ibrahim, Imad,Pang, Jinbo,Eckert, Jü,rgen American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.24

<P>The role of sample chamber configuration for the chemical vapor deposition of graphene over copper was investigated in detail. A configuration in which the gas flow is unrestricted was shown to lead to graphene with an inhomogeneous number of layers (between 1 and 3). An alternative configuration in which one end of the inner tube (in which the sample is placed) is closed so as to restrict the gas flow leads a homogeneous graphene layer number. Depending on the sample placement, either homogeneous monolayer or bilayer graphene is obtained. Under our growth conditions, the data show local conditions play a role on layer homogeneity such that under quasi-static equilibrium gas conditions not only is the layer number stabilized, but the quality of the graphene improves. In short, our data suggests vapor trapping can trap Cu species leading to higher carbon concentrations, which determines layer number and improved decomposition of the carbon feedstock (CH<SUB>4</SUB>), which leads to higher quality graphene.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-24/cm401669k/production/images/medium/cm-2013-01669k_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm401669k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Artificial Neural Networks in Sound Quality Design: An Application for Hair Dryers

Nurkan Turkdo?ru,H. Temel Belek 한국소음진동공학회 2003 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.8

《논리학》과 《자본론》 (Logik und Kapital) - 《정치경제학 비판》의 방법에 대하여

R . 부르너 한국헤겔학회 1988 헤겔연구 Vol.4 No.1

에지 기울기의 차를 이용한 개체 윤곽 추출

"정녀", "박정범", "장종환" 배재대학교 공학연구소 2015 공학논문집 Vol.17 No.1

기존의 능동윤곽모델은 스네이크 포인트를 개체 윤곽의 정점에 이동시키는 못하는 제약으로 코너 윤곽을 갖는 개체를 정확하게 추출하기가 어렵다. 그러므로 스네이크 포인트를 윤곽의 정점으로 이동시키기 위해 새로운 외부 에너지 함수를 제안한다. 기존의 방법은 에지의 크기 만을 이용하여 스네이크 포인트를 에지에 이동시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 스네이크 포인트를 코너와 같은 에지 방향의 각도 차가 큰 곳에 이동시키는 에지 기울기의 각도 차를 이용한 새로운 개체 윤곽 추출 알고리즘에 제안한다. Most of previous snakes have limitation which snake points cannot successfully be moved forward to the vertex of object contour. The limitation cannot extract boundary of objects with vertex exactly. Therefore, a new external energy function is proposed for snake points to move forward the vertex of object boundary. As edge magnitude of image was used as an external energy in previous methods, snake point was moved to the edge of object. To solve this problem, a new method using degree difference of edge direction is proposed.

한국 무용수의 직무 스트레스와 직무만족에 관한 연구

이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine job stress and job satisfaction of professional dancers. The 176 professional dancers were participated for accomplishing this purpose of the study, and responded to questionnaire about the sources of job stess and job satisfaction. the results of this study was as follows. First, there was a significant difference in job stress as a function of income in demographical characteristics of professional dancers. Second, there was a significant difference in job satisfaction as a function of age and marriage of demographical characteristics of professional dancers.

郭沫若其人其詩

溫儒敏 中國語文硏究會 1994 中國語文論叢 Vol.7 No.-

곽말고적 ≪여신≫ 시중국현대문학사상공인적경전지작, 표시착신시초창긴적최고성취, 최능체현 "54" 시대사특절. 곽말고재문학사상적지위, 주요시유 ≪여신≫ 소전정적. 대 ≪여신≫ 왕왕유양종독법, 일종시 "문학사적독법", 주중종역사발전적연조중찰작품, 수아가치, 병확정기타위. 당금중국출판적각종현대문학사, 기평도시저양평가곽매고적. 유일종학술계유행적비좌차적설법시 "노곽모파노조"ㅡ 불일정준확, 단야가견대곽적평가심고. 이"비전업적독법" 측비교윤중개인혹행시적번미취미, 주중본문, 불태원급 "역사연조", 병부착중상 ≪여신≫ 저중시대성 、현실성강적 "경전". 당금허다청년독자대곽매고기인기시부감흥취, 평가부고, 용적다시 "비전업독법". 양종독법본무소위고하, 연이당금허다대학적강대혹전가적문장대곽매고심표칭허, 이일반독자거불감공유, 저종양극성적세열독현상취흔치득연구, 현대문학연구자불능불면대저양적문제: 위십마대 ≪여신≫ 적접수유저마대적시대반차?

댄스스포츠 참가와 대인관계 성향의 관계

이루지,강혜련 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

This study was to analysis the relationship between the participation in dance sports and interpersonal relation disposition. Namely, there was to examine the difference according to the experience of participation in dance sports and the influence of the degree of participation on the interpersonal relation disposition. To attain the goal of the study described above paragraphs. the subject of this study were selected by cluster random sampling method. This study drew out and analyzed 390 people in total. The result of reliability check up was here below: Chronbach' α=.678. To analyze materials, ANCOVA and multiple regression were used as statistic analysis techniques. The conclusion based on above study method and the result of material analysis are here below. First. the experience of participation in dance sports influences on the interpersonal relation disposition. The participants in dance sports are higher than non-participants. Second, the degree of participation in dance sports influences on the interpersonal relation disposition. There was to influence of the frequency on the interpersonal relation disposition.

경제적 애국심이 골프 클럽 브랜드 선호도에 미치는 영향

이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent golf-goods consumers were patriotic and preferred homemade and foreign brands in a bid to provide domestic golf-goods suppliers with consumer information and help them set up successful marketing strategies. The subjects in this study were 250 amateur male and female golfers who used golf ranges in the city of Anyang. They were selected by convenience sampling, one of non-sampling error methods. After a survey was conducted, the responses from 230 golfers were analyzed, except 20 incomplete answer sheets. As for the reliability of the questionnaires used in this study, their Cronbach' a turned out to be .8764. For data handling SPSS/PC+ 10.0 for Windows was employed, and simple frequency analysis was implemented to find out the general characteristics of the respondents. And one-way ANOVA and x²(Chi- square) test were carried out to identify their demographic features and the impact of their economic patriotism on their brand preference. The findings of the study were as follows: First, when their love for the nation was investigated, 136 golfers, which stood at 40.9 percent of the subjects, were less patriotic economically. This group outnumbered the other group of golfers who were more patriotic economically, since 94 golfers, 59.1 percent, belonged to the latter. Second, as to theft brand preference, a majority of the golfers preferred foreign-made brands than home-produced ones. Concerning the reason of their preference, the most common reason of preferring homemade brands was inexpensive price, and the second most common reason was that they thought they should use domestic goods. The third largest reason was that they liked theft designs. Among those who were more fond of foreign brands, the greatest reason was excellent quality, followed by brand reputation and good design. As for the manufacturer nation of golf goods used by them, those who used foreign brands far exceeded the others who used homemade ones. Third, the impact of economic patriotism on preference for golf-club brand, the highly patriotic group used domestic brands than the less patriotic group did. As to connections between their preference for manufacturer nation and economic patriotism those who had a higher liking for foreign-made brands were more patriotic than the others who preferred homemade brands. However, there was no significant inter- group gap at the P>.05 level of significance in brand preference and economic patriotism. When their preference for the manufacturer nation of golf club and economic patriotism were analyzed, there was no significant intergroup gap in brand preference, but their economic patriotism was significantly different at the P<.05 level of significance.