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Healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors among adults: a cross-sectional study
Meredith G. Wagner,김영재,Yeong Rhee 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2017 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.34 No.5
Objectives: The prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to increase among adults in the United States, which warrants an increased need for research on factors impacting lifestyle behaviors. This study examines the relationships between socioeconomic status, health status, attitude about overall eating habits, retail food environment and healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 125 adults living in the Midwest metropolitan area comprising Fargo (North Dakota) and Moorhead (Minnesota) of the United States. Chi-square, t-tests and binomial logistic regressions were used for the statistical analyses. Results: The results from this study represent that low household incomes, poor health status, single status were associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors such as eating while watching TV/reading and using food as a punishment, while neighborhood grocery store having a wide selection of fruits and vegetables decreased the odds of using food as a punishment. Furthermore, eating healthy snacks, eating dinner with family, and having scheduled meals were associated with good eating habit, consuming a diet medium in fat compared to high in fat, and high household income, respectively. Conclusions: The findings from this study can be used in developing effective public health strategies and interventions aimed at improving overall health status of adults.
Responsiveness and Accountability in Local Government: The Case of First Responders
Meredith A. Newman,Mary E. Guy,Sharon H. Mastracci 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2010 地域發展硏究 Vol.19 No.1
This article explores the concept of accountability in the context of local governmental service provision. It focuses on the twin values of responsiveness and accountability, and the inherent tensions between them. The purpose is to map the contours of how accountability and responsiveness are sought and achieved within the context of the day-to-day work of crisis and emergency response at the municipal level. The authors draw upon interviews with first-responders, some of whom worked at the World Trade Center site immediately post-September 11 and, more recently, in Haiti after the earthquake in January 2010. They examine the many faces of accountability, including “accountability to” the citizenry as well as “accountability for” resources allocated from taxpayer dollars. They gain a fuller appreciation of what it takes to perform this work in multiple platforms (on the ground, in the air, or at sea), and how professional judgment, discretion, diverse expectations, and an abiding sense of duty, serve to shape the web of accountability relationships.
Winning and Losing in the Modern Era: Identity, Mobilisation, and Empowerment in Southeast Asia
Meredith L. Weiss 서강대학교 동아연구소 2015 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.3 No.1
In Southeast Asia as elsewhere, shifts in global, regional, and domestic politics and economies benefit some and disadvantage others. Overall, those individuals and groups defined by their subordinated position in the emerging political economy are at a disadvantage. Moreover, the decline of ideology, particularly with the seemingly hegemonic advance of neoliberalism, has limited space for challenge along those lines. Rather than assume, however, that it is merely the wealthiest ‘one per cent’ who are advantaged and empowered in this evolving system, we can weigh what resources and alliances are available to whom. Members ofnewly-formed categories may benefit from the shifting tides, regardless of class or structural position, for instance given their alignment with prevailing norms or frames, or their access to new media and transnational advocacy networks. Some ofthose most disadvantaged by the shifting economic context, on the other hand, may be doubly disempowered, as they face added hurdles to identity-building and collective action. This article explores new regimes of domination and resistance from below, focusing on why particular collective identities gain salience at particular moments and what determines which movements or claims take off or fail to thrive.
The Changing Shape of Islamic Politics in Malaysia
Meredith L.Weiss 동아시아연구원 2004 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.4 No.1
A self-professed model of moderate Islamic politics, Malaysia has experienced increasing political volatility and heightened Islamism in recent years. Islamic resurgence since the 1970s has percolated through political parties, state institutions, and societal organizations, affecting nearly all facets of political life. Among these changes, relations between Muslim and non-Muslim citizens, and among Malay-Muslims, have shifted; foreign policy priorities have been realigned; and changing understandings of the compatibility between Islamic and secular democratic discourses have introduced new political possibilities. By the late 1990s, Malaysian Islam seemed to have adopted an inclusive, pro-democracy, gradualist timbre. Since then, however, cooperation between Islamists and their secular reformist partners has crumbled. Concurrently, the attention of Muslim activists has been diverted from domestic political reforms to the global war on terrorism and a crackdown on purported Islamic militants in Malaysia. This article explores the development of contemporary Islamic politics in Malaysia to understand the significant variety inherent in the concept of Islamic politics and the impact of ideational, demographic, and geopolitical changes on the trajectory of political Islam in Malaysia.
Biocatalytic Production and Purification of the High-value Biochemical Paraxanthine
Meredith B. Mock,Shelby Brooks Mills,Ashley Cyrus,Hailey Campo,Tyler Dreischarf,Sydney Strock,Ryan M. Summers 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.4
Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), a purine alkaloid derivative of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), is a high-value biochemical with several applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, chemical synthesis of paraxanthine requires harsh conditions and frequently results in low yield mixtures of non-specifically N-methylated compounds. We have recently demonstrated that the mutant bacterial N-demethylase NdmA4 with its partner reductase NdmD is capable of producing paraxanthine as the major metabolite from caffeine. Here, we report the construction and screening of several Escherichia coli strains to produce paraxanthine from caffeine by means of whole-cell biocatalysts using varying dosages of ndmA4, ndmD, and the frmAB formaldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Preliminary resting cell assay results with the best paraxanthine-producing strain, MBM019, showed a 33% molar conversion of caffeine, from 5 mM to 3.35 mM, resulting in approximately 0.90 mM paraxanthine. However, a small amount of 7-methylxanthine was unexpectedly produced at a concentration of approximately 0.35 mM. After optimizing reaction conditions to a cellular concentration of OD600 = 50 and a caffeine concentration of 5 mM, the reaction was scaled-up to a volume of 620 mL, producing 1.02 mM paraxanthine and consuming 2.49 mM caffeine. The purified paraxanthine was then isolated via preparatory scale chromatography, resulting in 104.1 mg of product at high purity. This is the first reported strain genetically optimized for the biosynthetic production of paraxanthine.