논문(論文) : 19세기 마르세유 항만의 기능변화와 도시공간구조

김나영 ( Na Young Kim ),현재열 ( Jae Youl Hyun ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

Changes of Harbors` Functions and the Urban Structure at Marseille in the Nineteenth-Century Kim, Na-young·Hyun, Jae-youl [Abstract] Marseille, the typical sea-port city of Mediterranean France, was the most representative port of French Colonial Empire in the 19th century. Studying on Marseille of that time would contribute to the typological understandings of the sea-port cities in the period of Imperialism. This article aims to present a type of development which a sea-port city of the colonial empire could take, by interrogating the changes of harbors` functions and the urban structure of Marseille in 19th century. The consequent findings are as follows. First, the population of Marseille had sharply risen from 1830 on, and increased three times from 1820 to 1870s. This increase of population marked the economic growth of the city. Carrying capacity of vessels entering the port of Marseille rising five times in 1825-1870 shows the scale and the process of this growth. However, this economic growth had attributed to the colonial expansion of France launched from 1830 on. Second, according to the rising traffic of port, the harbors of Marseille had been expanded to the north of old port(Vieux-Port) since 1840s. With their expansion, the harbors` functions of Marseille had changed simultaneously, adding the industrial function to the traffic and distributive functions. Second, the industrialisation of Marseille also occurred in association with these circumstances. As a result, new and factory industries, such as sugar refining, oily industry, soap industry, machinery manufacture and foundering, etc. were thriving in the city and its suburbs. However, the material sources of these industries were from the French colonies, and, thus, the industrialisation was highly dependent on the supply from colonies. This is a remarkable feature of the Marseille`s industrialisation, and it can be that this industrialistation was a type of development which the sea-port city of the colonialist Empire would take. Third, the changes of harbor`s functions and the industrialisation had caused the transformation of urban structure of Marseille. Most notable transformation was the extension of city scale. Also, the appearance and shape of city had changed geometrically and orderly with the constructions of the various official buildings and monuments through the French Second Empire. Fourth, withstanding the extensions and changes of urban structure, the social character of neighborhood did not change so much at same time. Unlike with Paris where the neighborhood had been divided sharply between the bourgeoisie and the working-classes as a result of Haussmanisation, Marseille witnessed the loose line of division between the higher and lower classes, except with the ``old city`` in the north of old port and the higher classes` neighborhood in the southeast of it. However, one another consideration of social character was the reduction of proportion of natives in the neighborhoods. Throughout the mid-century, numerous immigrants fluxed into Marseille as the skill and unskill workers, and they gradually spread into all of the neighborhoods in the city.

조광제어 기능을 가진 냉음극형형광램프 안정기

이재민,정강률 순천향대학교 산업기술연구소 2007 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.1

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렙토스피라증의 진단에 있어 수동혈구응집반응법과 육안응집반응법의 정확도에 관한 연구

최보율,김영규,이수진,송재철,박항배 한양대학교 의과대학 1994 한양의대 학술지 Vol.14 No.2

Before 1984, Leptospirosis had been reported sporadically in middle inland of Korea as hemorrhagic pneumonia like disease, epidemic pulmonary hemorrhagic fever or epidemic pneumonitis since 1975. The epidemiologic characteristics of this disease were found out and the agent was isolated microbiologically after a large epidemic in 1984. Thereafter many consecutive studies for leptospirosis had been performed in the realm of epidemiology, microbiology and clinical field. But in order to appropriate control of Leptospirosis there are many problems such as organizing surveillance system for early diagnosis and treatment, identifying sero-group and serovar in each epidemic area and assessing vaccine efficacy. The objectives of this study was to find out easily applicable diagnostic methods to be used in a rural community surveillance system. Two diagnostic methods, passive hemagglutination(PHA) test and macroscopic agglutination test(maAT) were measured against their accuracies, sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of positive and negative. 301 sample sera from 270 human cases was collected through Leptospirossis surveillance system in a rural community during 1989-1992. Microscopic agglutination test(MAT) were used for confirmed diagnosis according to WHO guideline with 4 strains; Icterohemorrhagiae lai and Canicola canicola Hond Utrecht IV as standard strians and 6P-014-1 and YP-35-1 as strains isolated in Korea in 1986. The results are as follows. 1. 75(24.9%) among 301 sample sera and 49(18.1%) among 270 persons was serologically positive with MAT. 2. Agreement between PHA and MaAT was very low(k-coefficient≤0.252). 3. In PHA, specificity was very high(≥0.96) but sensitivity was very low(≤0.28). 4. In MaAT, specificity(≥0.73) was relatively lower than PHA but sensitivity (≥0.79) was significantly higher than PHA, especially false-positive rate case was absent in MAT's high antibody titer(above 1:640). It was concluded that MaAT method was a very useful diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of Leptospirosis in a rural community surveillance system, provided that confirmed diagnosis with MAT method be carried out in laboratory of medical school or research institute such as National Institute of Health or Provicial government Institute of Health and Environment.

Calmodulin유전자의 Sense와 Antisense구조를 가진 감자 Transgenic Plant의 기내 생장과 발육

任悅宰 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 1995 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Single-node stem segments of transgenic potaot plants(solanum tuberosun L. var. FL1607) carrying patatin promotor fused to sense or antisense construct of PCM1 were used to investigate in vitro growth and development of them as influenced by different sucrose concentrations in thed가 or light(16th/day) at 16℃. During 15days after treatments, a tuber formed at the etiolated shoot sprouted from the auxiliary bud of single-node stem segments only in the dark condition. Tuberization was increased by increasing the sucrose concentration in the media. The stem segments grown in the media without sucrose, which were cultured under the dark or light conditions, showed little growth and development. Tuber induction was delayed in the sense plant as compared to the control plant. There was little difference between control and antisense plants in tuber formation. In the light condition, the sprouting shoot from the bud showed upright growth in the low sucrose concentration(2%) and horizontal growth with basal swelling in the high sucrose concentration(4∼8%). The higher the sucrose concentration in the media, the more reduction of shoot growth was observed in all plants. During this time, the shoot growth was inhibited in the antisense plant and was increased in the sense plant as compared to the control plant. PCM1 gene expressions of the control and sense plants incubated under the light condition were a little higher than those of these plants incubated under the dark condition. However, no difference was found in this gene expression between the control and sense plants cultured under the same conditions.

1871년 빠리 꼬뮌 내의 프랑스 혁명 전통

현재열 신라대학교 인문과학연구소 2001 白楊人文論集 Vol.6 No.-

수술칼,CO₂및 Nd:YAG레이저에 의한 절개 창상의 치유에 관한 비교 연구

최재선,유선열 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the wound healing process after skin incision using scalpel, CO₂laser and pulsed Nd:YAG laser in rats. After skin on the back was incised 3 cm long, rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Macroscopic, histologic and immunohistochemical examinations using the collagen type IV and the CD34 antibodies which are necessary to the forming process of new capillary were performed. Results obtained were as follows : Macroscopically the initial wound healing of the laser group was about 1~2 weeks slower than that of the scalpel group. There weren't however any remarkable differences in all groups in 4 weeks after incision. By histologic finding, acute inflammatory cells were more prominent during the initial wound healing in the scalpel group than in the other groups. Epithelialization started in the order of scalpel, CO₂and Nd:YAG laser group after skin incision. By the Masson's trichrome stain, collagen synthesis in the Nd:YAG laser group was more slowly initiated than in the other groups. But it was completed at the 3~4 weeks in all groups. Immunohistochemically, collagen type IV and CD34 expression were markedly increased at 2 weeks in the scalpel and CO₂laser group. Meanwhile, in the Nd:YAG laser group, these reactions were observed later tan the other groups. Collagen type IV and CD34 expression were decreased in all groups after 4 weeks. These results suggest that CO₂and Nd:YAG laser showed similar healing process compared with scalpel and a potential substitute for scalpel in skin incision.

항우울제의 타액분비 감소효과에 대한 세포내 칼슘증가제의 영향

윤재현,류선열 전남대학교 치과대학 1995 전남치대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Tri-and tetra-cyclic antidepressants are known to cause dry mouth among other several major complications. The present study was designed to compare the degree of reduced salivation due to antidepressants and to explore whether intracellular calcium-increasing agents ameliorate the salivation. Effects of antidepressants and agents increasing intracellular calcium on the cholinergic submandibular secretion and blood flow induced by the chorda stimulation or intra-arterial acetylcholine were observed in anesthetized cats. Effects of antidepressants and calcium-mobilizing agents on K% efflux were also observed in excised gland slices. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Salivary secretion in response to the chorda stimulation(3 V, 20 Hz, 1 msec) was significantly attenuated by antidepressants in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the blood flow was not affacted. 2. Salivary secretion and increased blood flow evoked by intra-arterial acetylcholine(20 ㎍/㎏) were markedly diminished by antidepressants, the magnitude of which was amitryptyline>imipramine>mianserin in order. 3. Cholinergic salivation was significantly decreased by cyclopiazonic acid, a calcium pump inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum, or by BAPTA/AM, a specific intracellular calcium chelator. 4. Caffeine and ryanodine potentiated the cholinergic salivation and ameliorated the depressed salivary secretion due to antidepressants. 5. Calcium ionophore A23187 ameliorated the depressed salivation due to antidepressants. 6. Antidepressants inhibited the K^+ efflux, which were restored by caffeine or A23187. These results suggest that the depressed salivary secretion due to antidepressants is ameliorated by increasing intracellular calcium levels.

양식 은어의 미포자충 감염예에 대한 병리조직학적 관찰

조병열,강형길,강효주,류갑민,이재영,박남규,허민도 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.1

1998년 9월 말경, 경남 지역의 양식 은어(Plecoglossus altivelis)에서 미포자충증이 발생하였다. 채집 당시, 하루 약 200마리씩의 폐사가 10일째 진행되고 있었으며 약 10%의 누적폐사율을 나타내었다. 병어는 입올림을 하거나 기면 상태에 있었으며, 대부분 체색흑화 및 복부팽만 소견을 보이고 있었다. 아가미, 아가미 뚜껑, 각종 내장, 복강벽 및 생식소에 직경 1~3㎜의 흰색 결절이 다수 형성되어 있었다. 감염 어종, 기생충의 형태 및 xenoma 분포 장기의 다양성에 근거하여 Glugea plecoglossi에 의한 감염증으로 추정되었다. 병리조직학적 검사를 실시한 결과, 광범위한 장기에 걸쳐 xenoma를 형성하고 있었으나 xenoma 인접조직에 변성 변화는 없었다. 아가미 새변, 비장, 두신 및 체신의 조혈영역에 심한 울혈 소견이 인정되었고, 간장, 심근 및 신세뇨관 국소에는 응고 내지 액화괴사 소견이 확인되었다. 따라서, xenoma의 인접조직에 대한 물리화학적인 영향보다는 xenoma형성 장기 및 조직에 야기된 국소 순환장애가 은어의 폐사와 직접적인 관련을 갖는 것으로 사료되었다. On September in 1998, a microsporidian infection was recognized in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, farmed on Kyongnam province of South Korea. Cumulative mortality was around 10% in 10 days. Infected fish which were piping for air near the surface of the water or in the asphyxic, lethargic condition revealed darkening of body and abdominal distention. Numerous whitish nodules up to 3㎜ in size were observed throughout most of body organs and tissues including gill, operculum, peritoneal wall and organs. Xenomas were also histologically confirmed in multiple internal organs with the evidences suggesting circulatory disturbance. Based on the morphology of spore and xenoma, and the distribution of xenomas in organs and tissues, this disease was diagnosed to be a microsporidiosis caused by Glugea plecoglossi. The mortality might be deeply related to the local circulatory disturbance by xemonas rather than the mechano-chemical effect of xenomas on adjacent tissues.

豆科牧草 菌核病菌 Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss의 交配形 S 菌株의 生活環

嚴在烈 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-

The recent new finding on the sexual mechanism of Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss., the causal fungus of sclerotial rot on forage legumes, alluds another aspect of life cycle of the fungus. This study was conducted to demonstrate the expected behavior of the sclerotia formed on the plants infected by the ascospores of mating type "S" which give rise to the heterothallic strains. The possibility of spermatization by the microconidia of mating type "L" strains, the opposite mating type to the "S", which formed on the diseased plants was demonstrated by the pot experiments. The cultural morphology of the ascospore progeny showed a great variability when two morphologically distinct cultures were crossed. This facts were thought to be more appropriate explanation on the mechanism of new biotype occurrence than the heterokaryosis which has hitherto been asserted. The sclerotia of mating type "S" culture retained fertilization ability for about two months when the sclerotia were kept on the surface of moistened soil in the pots under 15C.

확률적 건설공사 비용분석에 의한 위험도 평가방법의 이론적 연구

전재열,조재호 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The paper considers two non-deterministic methods of analysing the risk exposure in a cost estimate. The fist method(referred to as the 'conventional ststistical' method) analyses cost data directly, to describe a probability distribution for total cost. The second method(reffered to as the 'Monte Calo simulation' method) interprets cost data directly, to generate a probability distribution for total costs from the descriptions of elemental cost distribution. The common practice of allowing for risk through an all-embracing contingency sum or percentage addition is challenged. Rather than excluding conventional, nondeterministic methods, they are here presented as possibly the only effective foundation on which to risk management in cost estimating.