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Eswar, N. K. R.,Singh, Satyapaul A.,Heo, Jaeyeong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.30
<P>Photocatalysis (PC) and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) are attractive routes to utilize the abundant solar energy for energy- (H2 and photo-reformed organics) and environment- (water remediation) related applications. The fundamental challenges with PC and PEC are photon absorption, restricted charge diffusion lengths because of exciton recombination, photo-corrosion, and kinetics of the reactions. These limitations can be addressed by suitable catalyst design with precisely controlled morphology and active sites at the atomic precision. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is one such efficient route to establish thorough control of photocatalyst fabrication. Thanks to ALD, it is now feasible to synthesize particles, thin films, core-shell structures, and porous and membranous photocatalytic materials with the highest precision and homogeneity. One further challenge is understanding probable reactor designs when exploiting ALD-based coatings. Herein, we reviewed various possible routes to fabricate photocatalysts using ALD with insights of PC/PEC reactions based on particulate, thin film, core-shell, and porous photocatalytic materials. This review also discusses the importance of translating the underlying reaction mechanisms to scale-up the reactor design with respect to the ALD approach. Initially, basic PC and PEC mechanisms for energy and environmental applications using growth-controlled ALD catalyst systems are given attention. Subsequently, more insights on microscale reactor combinations with ALD over-coatings and the challenges in transforming such microscale systems to the macroscale are discussed. Finally, the prospects of ALD for large-scale systems and the corresponding influential factors, such as high residence time scales, bandgap engineering, light penetration, and deposition thickness for PC and PEC applications, are examined in detail.</P>
Impact of Breed on the Fecal Microbiome of Dogs under the Same Dietary Condition
( Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ),( Hye-ran Kim ),( Jin Young Jeong ),( Kyoung-min So ),( Seul Lee ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Minji Kim ),( Hyun-jung Lee ),( Sungdae Lee ),( Ki-hyun Kim ),( Minseok Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.12
The gut microbiome influences the health and well-being of dogs. However, little is known about the impact of breed on the fecal microbiome composition in dogs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiome in three breeds of dog fed and housed under the same conditions, namely eight Maltese (8.0 ± 0.1 years), eight Miniature Schnauzer (8.0 ± 0.0 years), and nine Poodle dogs (8.0 ± 0.0 years). Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and used to extract metagenomic DNA. The composition of the fecal microbiome was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq platform. A total of 840,501 sequences were obtained from the 25 fecal samples and classified as Firmicutes (32.3-97.3% of the total sequences), Bacteroidetes (0.1-62.6%), Actinobacteria (0.2-14.7%), Fusobacteria (0.0-5.7%), and Proteobacteria (0.0-5.1%). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in the Maltese dog breed than that in the other two breeds, while that of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in the Maltese than in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Turicibacter, Succinivibrio, and Anaerobiospirillum differed significantly among the three dog breeds. These genera had no correlation with age, diet, sex, body weight, vaccination history, or parasite protection history. Within a breed, some of these genera had a correlation with at least one blood chemistry value. This study indicates that the composition of the fecal microbiome in dogs is affected by breed.
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy,Woong Lee,Jin Young Jeong,Yoo Kyung Lee,이현정,Minseok Kim,김동운,Dongjo Yu,조아라,오영균,이성대 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.1
Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy,Hyun Jung Jung,Dong Woon Kim,Kyo Ho Cho,Sung Back Cho,Sang Ho Kim,Jin Young Jeong,Sung Dae Lee 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.1
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze dried placentasupplementation on reproductive performance, colostrum and plasma biochemical composition inpregnant sows. Eleven Landrace × Large white sows were fed with corn-soybean meal dietssupplemented with or without 1% freeze dried placenta powder from 10 days before theirexpected farrowing dates until 10 days postpartum. The colostrum protein content wassignificantly higher(P=0.043) in the treatment group than in the control group. Compared to thecontrol group, the immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration in the colostrum was significantlyhigher(P=0.004) in the treatment. In day 25 piglets plasma, the IgG concentration washigher(P=0.184) in the treatment than the control. The mortality rate was lower(P=0.102), andthe piglet weight gain was higher(P=0.35) in the treated group. Overall, the treatment groupshowed greater levels of protein and IgG concentration in the colostrum, when compared tocontrol group. Therefore, the freeze dried placenta supplementation on pregnant sows canenhance its colostrum composition, hence decrease the mortality and increase the growth rate ofpiglets.