The Interactions of Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in the ASEAN-5 Countries: New Evidence Using a Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Approach

Chin-Chia Liang,Ming-Yung Chen,Cheng-Hua Yang 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2015 Global economic review Vol.44 No.3

Using a data-set from the ASEAN-5 countries over the January 2000–August 2013 period, this paper revisits the Granger causal nexus between the equity and foreign exchange markets by employing the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach developed by Kònya, which allows for both cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across countries. The results indicate a unidirectional causality from stock prices to exchange rates in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand and from exchange rates to stock prices in Indonesia. These findings have important implications for policy-makers and institutional investors who should rigidly monitor the dynamic linkages between stock price and exchange rate movements across the ASEAN-5 financial markets when making policy decisions and investing in these countries.

An Interpretative Study on Nurses' Perspectives of Working in an Overcrowded Emergency Department in Taiwan

Li-Chin Chen,Chun-Chih Lin,Chin-Yen Han,Chun-Lan Hsieh,Chiung-Jung (Jo) Wu,Hwey-Fang Liang 한국간호과학회 2018 Asian Nursing Research Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study aims to gain in-depth understanding of nurses' perspectives of working in an overcrowded emergency. Methods: Symbolic interactionism and Charmaz’s construction of grounded theory were used. Purposive sampling at the start of the study and a further theoretical sampling by snowball technique were used to recruit 40 registered nurses (RN) to participate in in-depth, semi-structured interviews betweenMay and November, 2014. Data analysis included analytic techniques of initial, focused and theoretical coding. Results: Study findings showed searching for work role is derived by the themes of Finding the role of positioning in Emergency Department (ED), Recognizing causes of ED overcrowding, and Confined working environment. Nurses' work experience which represents the RNs not gained control over their work, as care actions influenced by the problematic overcrowded circumstance of the ED environment. Conclusion: The findings fill a gap in knowledge about how RNs experience their work role in the context of an overcrowded Emergency Department in Taiwan. Arising from the study result include taking account of nurses' perspectives when planning staff/patient ratios, strategies to reduce waiting time and ensure that clients receive appropriate care.

Utilizing the n-back Task to Investigate Working Memory and Extending Gerontological Educational Tools for Applicability in School-aged Children

Chih-Chin Liang,Si-Jie Fu 한국데이터전략학회 2024 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.31 No.1

In this research, a cohort of two children, aged 7-8 years, was selected to participate in a specialized three-week training program aimed at enhancing their working memory. The program consisted of three sessions, each lasting approximately 30 minutes. The primary goal was to investigate the impact and developmental trajectory of working memory in school-aged children. Working memory plays a significant role in young children’s learning and daily activities. To address the needs of this demographic, products should offer both educational and enjoyable activities that engage working memory. Digital educational tools, known for their flexibility, are suitable for both older individuals and young children. By updating software or modifying content, these tools can be effectively repurposed for young learners without extensive hardware changes, making them both cost-effective and practical. For example, memory training games initially designed for older adults can be adapted for young children by altering images, music, or storylines. Furthermore, incorporating elements familiar to children, like animals, toys, or fairy tales, can increase their engagement in these activities. Historically, working memory capabilities have been assessed predominantly through traditional intelligence tests. However, recent research questions the adequacy of these behavioral measures in accurately detecting changes in working memory. To bridge this gap, the current study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) as a more sophisticated and precise tool for monitoring potential changes in working memory after the training. The research findings were revealing. Participants showed marked improvement in their performance on n-back tasks, a standard measure for evaluating working memory. This improvement post-training strongly supports the effectiveness of the training program. The results indicate that such targeted and structured training programs can significantly enhance the working memory abilities of children in this age group, providing promising implications for educational strategies and cognitive development interventions.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioplasty for benign biliary obstruction

Po-Chin Liang 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2004 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Transitional Percentage of Minute Volume as a Novel Predictor of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

Ya-Ru Liang,Mei-Chen Yang,Yao-Kuang Wu,I-Shiang Tzeng,Pei-Yi Wu,Shiang-Yu Huang,Chou-Chin Lan,Chin-Pyng Wu 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: Some patients with respiratory failure fail initial weaning attempts and need prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged MV is associated with many complications and consumption of heathcare resources. Objective weaning indices help staffs to identify high-potential patients for weaning from the MV. Traditional weaning indices are not reliable in clinical practice. Transitional percentage of minute volume (TMV%) is a new index of the work of breathing. This study aimed to investigate the utility of TMV% in the prediction of weaning potential. Methods: This study was prospectively performed including all patients with prolonged MV. Researchers recorded their demographics, TMV%, respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and laboratory data upon arrival at the respiratory care center. The factors associated with successful weaning were analyzed. Results: Out of the 120 patients included, 84 (70.0%) were successfully weaned from MV. Traditional weaning indices such as rapid shallow breathing index could not predict the weaning outcome. TMV% was a valuable parameter as patients with a lower TMV%, higher tidal volume, higher hemoglobin, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores had a higher rate of successful weaning. TMV%, tidal volume, and HCO3- levels were independent predictors of successful weaning, and the area under the curve was .79 in the logistic regression model. Conclusion: TMV% is a novel and effective predictor of successful weaning. Patients with lower TMV% had a higher MV weaning outcome. Once patients with a high potential for successful weaning are identified, they should be aggressively weaned from MV as soon as possible.

Diversity of Bovine Rumen Methanogens In Vitro in the Presence of Condensed Tannins, as Determined by Sequence Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Library

Hui Yin Tan,Chin Chin Sieo,Chin Mei Lee,Norhani Abdullah,Juan Boo Liang,Yin Wan Ho 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.3

Molecular diversity of rumen archaeal populations from bovine rumen fluid incubated with or without condensed tannins was investigated using 16S rRNA gene libraries. The predominant order of rumen archaea in the 16S rRNA gene libraries of the control and condensed tannins treatment was found to belong to a novel group of rumen archaea that is distantly related to the order Thermoplasmatales, with 59.5% (15phylotypes) and 81.43% (21 phylotypes) of the total clones from the control and treatment clone libraries,respectively. The 16S rRNA gene library of the control was found to have higher proportions of methanogens from the orders Methanomicrobiales (32%) and Methanobacteriales (8.5%) as compared to those found in the condensed tannins treatment clone library in both orders (16.88% and 1.68% respectively). The phylotype distributed in the order Methanosarcinales was only found in the control clone library. The study indicated that condensed tannins could alter the diversity of bovine rumen methanogens.

HTAP2 multi-model estimates of premature human mortality due to intercontinental transport of air pollution and emission sectors

Liang, Ciao-Kai,West, J. Jason,Silva, Raquel A.,Bian, Huisheng,Chin, Mian,Davila, Yanko,Dentener, Frank J.,Emmons, Louisa,Flemming, Johannes,Folberth, Gerd,Henze, Daven,Im, Ulas,Jonson, Jan Eiof,Keati Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.14

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Ambient air pollution from ozone and fine particulate matter is associated with premature mortality. As emissions from one continent influence air quality over others, changes in emissions can also influence human health on other continents. We estimate global air-pollution-related premature mortality from exposure to PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> and ozone and the avoided deaths due to 20<span class='thinspace'></span>% anthropogenic emission reductions from six source regions, North America (NAM), Europe (EUR), South Asia (SAS), East Asia (EAS), Russia-Belarus-Ukraine (RBU), and the Middle East (MDE), three global emission sectors, power and industry (PIN), ground transportation (TRN), and residential (RES), and one global domain (GLO), using an ensemble of global chemical transport model simulations coordinated by the second phase of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants (TF HTAP2), and epidemiologically derived<span id='page10498'/> concentration response functions. We build on results from previous studies of TF HTAP by using improved atmospheric models driven by new estimates of 2010 anthropogenic emissions (excluding methane), with more source and receptor regions, new consideration of source sector impacts, and new epidemiological mortality functions. We estimate 290<span class='thinspace'></span>000 (95<span class='thinspace'></span>% confidence interval (CI): 30<span class='thinspace'></span>000, 600<span class='thinspace'></span>000) premature <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>-related deaths and 2.8 million (0.5 million, 4.6 million) PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>-related premature deaths globally for the baseline year 2010. While 20<span class='thinspace'></span>% emission reductions from one region generally lead to more avoided deaths within the source region than outside, reducing emissions from MDE and RBU can avoid more <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>-related deaths outside of these regions than within, and reducing MDE emissions also avoids more PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>-related deaths outside of MDE than within. Our findings that most avoided <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>-related deaths from emission reductions in NAM and EUR occur outside of those regions contrast with those of previous studies, while estimates of PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>-related deaths from NAM, EUR, SAS, and EAS emission reductions agree well. In addition, EUR, MDE, and RBU have more avoided <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>-related deaths from reducing foreign emissions than from domestic reductions. For six regional emission reductions, the total avoided extra-regional mortality is estimated as 6000 (<span class='inline-formula'>−</span>3400, 15<span class='thinspace'></span>500) deaths per year and 25<span class='thinspace'></span>100 (8200, 35<span class='thinspace'></span>800) deaths per year through changes in <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span> and PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>, respectively. Interregional transport of air pollutants leads to more deaths through changes in PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> than in <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>, even though <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span> is transported more on interregional scales, since PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> has a stronger influence on mortality. For NAM and EUR, our estimates of avoided mortality from regional and extra-regional emission reductions are comparable to those estimated by regional models for these same experiments. In sectoral emission reductions, TRN emissions account for the greatest fraction (26-53<span class='thinspace'></span>% of global emission reduction) of <span class='inline-formula'>O₃</span>-rela

Order Imbalances in Options and Volatility Risk Premium on Equity Index

Chin-Ho Chen,Huimin Chung,Wen-Liang G. Hsieh,Shu-Fang Yuan 한국재무학회 2011 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.09

This study explores the impact of aggregate daily order imbalances in options on volatility risk premium on its underlying index. Two types of volatility risk premium, ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums, are included to address this issue. Based on Taiwan stock index and options (TXO) data over the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009, several interesting results emerge. First, order imbalances in near-month options, especially for call options’, have a predominant influence on ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums. Next, order imbalances of near-month options in either direction, excess buy orders or excess sell order, have distinct effect on volatility risk premium. Overall, the increased level of excess buy orders drives ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums upward, but downward only for excess sell orders in call options. Finally, ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums are positively related to order imbalances of near-month options in respond to continuous price variations. Nonetheless, there is no significant relation for index price jumps.

Direct comparison of biopsy techniques for hepatic malignancies

( Shang-chin Huang ),( Ja-der Liang ),( Shih-jer Hsu ),( Tzu-chan Hong ),( Hung-chih Yang ),( Jia-horng Kao ) 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.2

Background/Aims: The core needle biopsy (CNB), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and touch imprint cytology (TIC) are commonly used tools for the diagnosis of hepatic malignancies. However, little is known about the benefits and criteria for selecting appropriate technique among them in clinical practice. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of ultrasound-guided CNB, FNAC, TIC as well as combinations for the diagnosis of hepatic malignancies, and to determine the factors associated with better sensitivity in each technique. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2019, a total of 634 consecutive patients who received ultrasound-guided liver biopsies at the National Taiwan University Hospital was collected, of whom 235 with confirmed malignant hepatic lesions receiving CNB, FNAC and TIC simultaneously were enrolled for analysis. The clinical and procedural data were compared. Results: The sensitivity of CNB, FNAC and TIC for the diagnosis of malignant hepatic lesions were 93.6%, 71.9%, and 85.1%, respectively. Add-on use of FNAC or TIC to CNB provided additional sensitivity of 2.1% and 0.4%, respectively. FNAC exhibited a significantly higher diagnostic rate in the metastatic cancers (P=0.011), hyperechoic lesions on ultrasound (P=0.028), and those with depth less than 4.5 cm from the site of needle insertion (P=0.036). Conclusions: The sensitivity of CNB is superior to that of FNAC and TIC for the diagnosis of hepatic malignancies. Nevertheless, for shallow (depth <4.5 cm) and hyperechoic lesions not typical for primary liver cancers, FNAC alone provides excellent sensitivity. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:305-312)

Improving discharge uniformity of industrial-scale very high frequency plasma sources by launching a traveling wave

Hsin-Liang Chen,Yen-Cheng Tu,Cheng-Chang Hsieh,Deng-Lain Lin,Chin-Jung Chang,Keh-Chyang Leou 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

Very high frequency (VHF) PECVD has been demonstrated to be able to significantly increase the deposition rate without compromising the film quality for the manufacture of silicon heterojunction and silicon thin film solar cells. To further reduce the production costs by enhancing the throughput, larger electrode and higher frequency are often required at the same time. Nevertheless, raising frequency in large-area PECVD results in non-uniform discharge caused by the standing wave effect and deteriorates the processing uniformity. In this study, a technique that generates a traveling wave via superposing two specific standing waves launched simultaneously is proposed to resolve this issue. An industrial-scale linear plasma reactor with length and width of 125 and 10 cm, respectively, is adopted for experimental tests and two 80 MHz power supplies are utilized to separately control the standing waves. The experimental results show that the discharge gap is only partially covered by plasma discharge when only one standing wave is applied. However, as both standing waves are launched, the non-uniformity of plasma discharge can be effectively reduced to <±5%. In addition, numerical simulation is also conducted in this study to clarify whether the proposed technique can be applied to large-area rectangular PECVD (substrate size: 1.4 m 1.1 m). By arranging multiple feeding points on opposite sides of the powered electrode, the simulation results indicate the non-uniformity of electric field can be maintained within ±10%.