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Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor
Ou, Ou,Allen-Redpath, Keith,Urgast, Dagmar,Gordon, Margaret-Jane,Campbell, Gill,Feldmann, Jö,rg,Nixon, Graeme F.,Mayer, Claus-Dieter,Kwun, In-Sook,Beattie, John H. The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.9
<P>Mild dietary zinc deprivation in humans and rodents has little effect on blood plasma zinc levels, and yet cellular consequences of zinc depletion can be detected in vascular and other tissues. We proposed that a zinc-regulated humoral factor might mediate the effects of zinc deprivation. Using a novel approach, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with plasma from zinc-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg) or zinc-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg, pair-fed) adult male rats, and zinc levels were manipulated to distinguish direct and indirect effects of plasma zinc. Gene expression changes were analyzed by microarray and qPCR, and incubation of VSMCs with blood plasma from zinc-deficient rats strongly changed the expression of >2500 genes, compared to incubation of cells with zinc-adequate rat plasma. We demonstrated that this effect was caused by a low-molecular-weight (∼2-kDa) zinc-regulated humoral factor but that changes in gene expression were mostly reversed by adding zinc back to zinc-deficient plasma. Strongly regulated genes were overrepresented in pathways associated with immune function and development. We conclude that zinc deficiency induces the production of a low-molecular-weight humoral factor whose influence on VSMC gene expression is blocked by plasma zinc. This factor is therefore under dual control by zinc.—Ou, O., Allen-Redpath, K., Urgast, D., Gordon, M.-J., Campbell, G., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Mayer, C.-D., Kwun, I.-S., and Beattie, J. H. Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor.</P>
보건관리자의 직능별 직업 및 조직 헌신도에 대한 비교 연구
이경용,이기범,Natalie j.Allen,조영숙 한국직업건강간호학회 1998 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.1
This study was carried out in order to confirm the reliability and validity of the commitment inventor developed by Meyer and Allen, and to investigate commitment level of health manager, to compare two different professionals of health manager such industrial health nurse and industrial hygienist to find out some characteristics that have effect on commitment. This survey was done by self -administered questionnaire to 227 respondents as the trainees of Industrial Safety Training Center, KISCO from June to December 1996. Authors classified commitment into two categories : professional commitment and organizational commitment, and these two types of commitments have three different aspects affective, continuance, and normative commitment based on Meyer's inventory. The results were as follows: 1. Items of whole scales of the both type of commitments have three factors that represent three aspects of commitment ; affective, continuance, and normative commitment. This means that each type of commitment was reliable to use as measurement tool of three different aspects of commitment. Classification of items by factor analysis was more consistent in professional commitment than organizational commitment, Among 16 items of organizational commitment, four items were classified into different aspects of commitment with similar factor loading. 2. Commitment level of industrial health nurse was higher than that of industrial hygienist in affective, continuance professional commitment controlled by other characteristics. These differences can be due to other characteristics of specific task and background of health managers that were not used in this study. 3. The level of affective professional commitment was statistically different in age, sex, education level, and that of organizational commitment was statistically different in only two variables such as age, and job tenure. The level of continuance professional and organizational commitments were different in sex group, but past history of employ went have effect on continuance organizational commitment. The level of normative organizational commitment was affected by only age. As the above results, the tools of measurement of commitment developed by Meyer and Allen can be useful to measure the level of commitment of health manager. Three aspects of two types of commitments were influenced by different characteristics of health manager. Authors suggested future study on the affecting variables to the commitment such as background, task of health manager and organizational characteristics.
Early Migrations, Conquests, and Common Ancestry: Theorizing Japanese Origins in Relation with Korea
Allen, Chizuko T. 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2008 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.8 No.1
By the early part of the twentieth century, Japanese scholars employing Western academic methods postulated significant waves of migrants from Korea to Japan in early times and contemplated their conquest of the native population in the process of state formation. Coupled with the existing conservative assertion that the ancient Japanese had subjugated Korea, the theory of migrations constituted Nissen dosoron, the argument that the Japanese and Korean peoples shared common ancestry, which in turn helped justify the Japanese colonial annexation and assimilation of Korea from 1910 to 1945. After the contention of early Japanese hegemony lost its persuasion after WWII, the theory of migrations developed into the horse-rider theory that hypothesized an invasion of Japan by peninsular warriors in the fourth century. The notion of Korea's supremacy inherent but repressed in the colonial theories is now exploited by Korean scholars who write on early Korea and Japan from nationalist perspectives.
위기 이후 미국 및 세계경제 전망, 그리고 유산과 정책과제
Allen Sinai 세계경제연구원 2010 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.10 No.2
오늘 내가 할 이야기는 세 부분으로 되어있다. 첫째, 경제·금융위기 때 미국과 세계에서 무슨 일이 일어났는지 간략히 요약해 보고, 둘째, 미국과 세계가 사용한 정책에 관하여 이야기한 후, 셋째, 전망, 여파, 유산, 부산물, 문제점, 그리고 앞으로 세계에 전개될 그림을 살펴보는 것이다.
Ideal Theory in Commutative A-semirings
Allen, Paul J.,Neggers, Joseph,Kim, Hee Sik Department of Mathematics 2006 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.46 No.2
In this paper, we investigate and characterize the class of A-semirings. A characterization of the Thierrin radical of a proper ideal of an A-semiring is given. Moreover, when P is a Q-ideal in the semiring R, it is shown that P is primary if and only if R/P is nilpotent.