지식기반 사회의 평생교육: UP 방송통신 대학에서의 새로운 경향을 중심으로

Alexander APEC국제교육협력원 2009 국제교육협력연구지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 신흥 글로벌 대학교로써 필리핀 대학의 가상 캠퍼스이자 5번째 구성 단위인 필리핀 개방대학(UPOU)을 중심으로 지식기반 시대의 평생교육에 관한 새로운 경향에 대해 조사한 연구이다.필리핀 개방대학(UPOU)의 경험을 기반으로 본다면, 평생 학습은 본래 온라인 학습의 영향을받을 것임이 분명하다. 새로운 시대의 온라인 학습은 확장적이며 학습자 중심이 될 것이다. 그것은 교수자와 튜터의 개념을 멘토와 코치의 개념으로 대체할 것이다. 게다가 신 시대에서의평생 학습은 지리학적, 규율적, 그리고 유형적 경계간의 흔들림을 보여 줄 것이다. 국제어로서의 영어에 대한 통용 등으로 초국가적 교육이 더욱 지배적일 것이다. 또한 지식 분야간 경계들은 허물어질 것이다. 특정 노동시장의 요구를 반영한 특별한 프로그램의 형태를 지닌 초지식적융합교육이 부상하게 될 것이다. 직업교육의 기초, 고등, 기술 교육과 같이 형식적 교육, 비형식적 교육 그리고 무형식 교육 간의 엄격한 경계들은 이러한 교육의 형태들 사이의 밀접한 소통에 따라 이제는 허물어질 것이다. 더욱이 프로그램들은 다양한 시작점과 종료점을 보일 것이다.자유입학제도, 자유 교육기간, 그리고 학습자원에 대한 공개 등과 같은 교육관리적 접근에서 뚜렷하게 나타날 개방교육은 또 하나의 새로운 경향이다. 게다가 유비쿼터스 환경은 평생 학습에서 주요 경향이 될 것이다. 학습은 넷북과 이동전화와 같은 단말기와 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 그리고WiFi와 WiMAX 서비스 등을 통해서 언제 어디서든 일어날 수 있는 것이다.마지막으로, 본 연구지를 통해 평생 학습 수요자들의 변화에 관한 이야기를 나누고자 한다. 이전에는 평생 학습의 기회들이 교육에의 접근이 근본 이슈였던 외곽 지역의 극빈자들을 위한 것이었다. 평생학습은 교육의 기회가 동등히 부여되지 않았던 소외층, 과년(過年)층, 그리고 여성들을 대상으로 하여왔다. 이제는 새로운 전달 체제의 결과로써 부유층, 전문가, 그리고 고등 교육자들이 소외층보다 더 많이 평생 학습의 기회를 활용하고 있다. This paper presents emerging perspectives on lifelong education in this new knowledge era from an emerging global university, the UP Open University, the fifth constituent unit and cyber campus of the University of the Philippines system. Based on UPOU’s experience, lifelong learning will primarily be influenced by online learning. Online learning in the new era will be scalable and learner-centered. It will make use of mentors and coaches instead of instructors and tutors. Furthermore, lifelong learning in the new era will see a blurring of geographical, disciplinal and modal boundaries. With the global adoption of a lingua franca, English, transnational education will become predominant. Boundaries between and among discipline will likewise dissolve. Transdisciplinary education in the form of specialized programs that address specific workplace needs will become the norm. Strict boundaries between formal, nonformal and informal education; between basic, higher and technical vocational education will cease to exist with the provision of ladders, bridges and pathways between these educational modes. Additionally, programs will have multiple entry points and exit points. Another emerging trend is Open Education, which may manifest itself in educational governance approaches such as: open admissions; open ended timeframes for programs; and open access learning resources. Additionally, ubiquity will become a major trend in lifelong learning. One can learn at any place in any time with: mobile devices such as netbooks and mobile phones; cloud computing; and WiFi/ WiMAX services. Lastly, the paper establishes the shift on lifelong learning clientele. Before lifelong learning opportunities were targeted at the poorest of the poor, living in remote areas, where access is a primary issue. Lifelong learning was for the marginalized, the overaged and women whose cultures denied them equal access. Now, as a result of the emerging delivery systems the well off, the professional and the advanced student now avail of lifelong learning opportunities more than the marginalized

Log-concavity and zeros of the Alexander polynomial

Alexander Stoimenow 대한수학회 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.2

We show that roots of log-concave Alexander knot polyno- mials are dense in C. This in particular implies that the log-concavity and Hoste’s conjecture on the Alexander polynomial of alternating knots are (essentially) independent.

The Contemporary Use of Cooling Modalities in the Recovery From Sport Injury

Jill Alexander(Jill Alexander), François Bieuzen(François Bieuzen), Robert Allan(Robert Allan), Robin Thorpe(Robin Thorpe), Mohammed Ihsan(Mohammed Ihsan) 아시아운동학회 2025 Physical Activity Vol.3 No.1

The therapeutic application of any modality that removes heat from the body and results in a decrease in tissue temperature may come under the umbrella term of ‘cryotherapy’. Commonly used in sport for injury, rehabilitation, and recovery for readiness to perform, the typical rationale for its use is a reduction in perception of pain, or muscle soreness among other physiological responses. To facilitate the recovery process from sports injury, cryotherapeutic modalities are often applied with the intention to positively control and affect metabolic and inflammatory processes, with the aim of aiding in the healing process, not preventing it altogether. That said, debates concerning the use of cryotherapy within early stages of an injury are prevalent in recent literature. Although, this is predominantly due to a lack of understanding of the multifaceted responses that underpin its beneficial use within a sporting context. Consequently, optimal cooling protocols for the recovery of sport injury are limited, despite supporting evidence for its use. Yet it is known that modalities and protocols differ in the responses they can achieve.

LOG-CONCAVITY AND ZEROS OF THE ALEXANDER POLYNOMIAL

Stoimenow, Alexander Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.2

We show that roots of log-concave Alexander knot polynomials are dense in C. This in particular implies that the log-concavity and Hoste's conjecture on the Alexander polynomial of alternating knots are (essentially) independent.

Willful Blindness About Indigenous Peoples: The Democratic Deficit and Canadian Public Policy Making

C. J. Alexander(C. J. Alexander ),Mallory Crew(Mallory Crew ) 한국캐나다학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.17 No.1

Public policy officials, elected and appointed, continue to ignore the value dimensions of public policy making in ways that profoundly impact the individual and collective lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The au-thors examine two policy fields—health and communications—to highlight the peril of ignoring Indigenous cultural contexts. They conclude that the overarching policy of wilful blindness to Indigenous values, ways of being, and knowledge systems represents a continuation of the colonial mindset that has persisted since settlers arrived.

Progressive lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by iron oxide nanoparticles drives hepatic cell autophagy and apoptosis

Levada Kateryna,Pshenichnikov Stanislav,Omelyanchik Alexander,Rodionova Valeria,Nikitin Aleksey,Savchenko Alexander,Schetinin Igor,Zhukov Dmitry,Abakumov Maxim,Majouga Alexander,Lunova Mariia,Jirsa Mi 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.17

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are frequently used in various biomedical applications, in particular as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents in liver imaging. Indeed, number of IONs have been withdrawn due to their poor clinical performance. Yet comprehensive understanding of their interactions with hepatocytes remains relatively limited. Here we investigated how iron oxide nanocubes (IO-cubes) and clusters of nanocubes (IO-clusters) affect distinct human hepatic cell lines. The viability of HepG2, Huh7 and Alexander cells was concentration-dependently decreased after exposure to either IO-cubes or IO-clusters. We found similar cytotoxicity levels in three cell lines triggered by both nanoparticle formulations. Our data indicate that different expression levels of Bcl-2 predispose cell death signaling mediated by nanoparticles. Both nanoparticles induced rather apoptosis than autophagy in HepG2. Contrary, IO-cubes and IO-clusters trigger distinct cell death signaling events in Alexander and Huh7 cells. Our data clarifies the mechanism by which cubic nanoparticles induce autophagic flux and the mechanism of subsequent toxicity. These findings imply that the cytotoxicity of ION-based contrast agents should be carefully considered, particularly in patients with liver diseases.

Preoperative Therapy Regimen Influences the Incidence and Implication of Nodal Downstaging in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Alexander P. Stark,Mariela M. Blum,Yi-Ju Chiang,Prajnan Das,Bruce D. Minsky,Jeannelyn S. Estrella,Jaffer A. Ajani,Brian D. Badgwell,Paul Mansfield,Naruhiko Ikoma 대한위암학회 2020 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: Nodal downstaging after preoperative therapy for gastric cancer has been shown to impart excellent prognosis, but this has not been validated in a national cohort. The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) in nodal downstaging remains unclear when compared with that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NAC). Furthermore, it is unknown whether the prognostic implications of nodal downstaging differ by preoperative regimen. Materials and Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, overall survival (OS) duration was compared among natural N0 (cN0/ypN0), downstaged N0 (cN+/ypN0), and node-positive (ypN+) gastric cancer patients treated with NACR or NAC. Factors associated with nodal downstaging were examined in a propensity score-matched cohort of cN+ patients, matched 1:1 by receipt of NACR or NAC. Results: Of 7,426 patients (natural N0 [n=1,858, 25.4%], downstaged N0 [n=1,813, 24.4%], node-positive [n=3,755, 50.4%]), 58.2% received NACR, and 41.9% received NAC. The median OS durations of downstaged N0 (5.1 years) and natural N0 (5.6 years) patients were similar to one another and longer than that of node-positive patients (2.1 years) (P<0.001). In the matched cohort of cN+ patients, more recent diagnosis (2010–2015 vs. 2004–2009) (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; P<0.001) and NACR (OR, 2.02; P<0.001) were independently associated with nodal downstaging. The 5-year OS rate of downstaged N0 patients was significantly lower after NACR (46.4%) than after NAC (57.7%) (P=0.003). Conclusions: Downstaged N0 patients have the same prognosis as natural N0 patients. Nodal downstaging occurred more frequently after NACR; however, the survival benefit of nodal downstaging after NACR may be less than that when such is achieved by NAC.

우리나라 국제물류주선업에 대한 ISO 9001:2015 적용에 관한 연구

Alexander Shishkov,이상윤,김석수 한국해양수산개발원 2017 해양정책연구 Vol.32 No.2

This study aims to investigate the level of Quality management system of Korea freight forwarders and to analyze the existence of competitive advantage among the groups of companies according to their level of the implementation. For this purpose, based on the international standard ISO 9001:1500 index and competitive advantage metrics on the literatures, we surveyed 730 international freight forwarders in International Logistics freight forwarder Association and collected 120 valid questionnaires. In addition, to compare the distinct characteristics among the companies, we conducted cluster analysis based on the level of performance and competitive advantage by each company, and the companies are grouped into ‘leaders’, ‘fast followers’, ‘slow followers’, and ‘laggard’ respectively. In case of the cluster analysis result, the international freight forwarders and the group that meet the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 have higher competitive advantages. 본 연구는 우리나라 국제물류주선기업의 품질관리 수준을 조사하고 이행수준에 따라 기업 간 경쟁 우위가 존재하는지 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 국제표준 ISO 9001:2015 측정지표와 문헌고찰을 통해 수립한 경쟁 우위 측정 지표를 바탕으로 국제물류주선협회 730개 국제물류주선업체를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 120개의 유효 설문지를 수집하였다. 또한 국제물류주선기업의 특성을 분석하기 위해 군집분석을 실시하여 ‘선도기업’, ‘고속추종기업’, ‘저속추종기업’, ‘후발기업’ 4개 그룹으로 군집화하여 그룹 간 품질관리수준과 경쟁우위수준을 비교하였다. 그 결과 국제물류주선업체의 품질관리 수준은 평균적으로 ‘보통’ 이상으로 나타냈으며 군집분석 결과 ISO 9001:2015의 요구사항에 부합하는 품질관리시스템을 운영하고 있는 국제물류주선업체와 그룹이 상대적으로 높은 경쟁우위를 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

PRICE ASSESSMENT IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS: AN ANALYSIS OF NET AND COMBINATORY EFFECTS OF RELATIONSHIP ATTRIBUTES

Alexander Leischnig,Bj?rn Ivens,Sabrina Thornton,Catherine Pardo 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

In the business market, prices are typically subject to negotiation between exchange partners and buyers’ perceptions of the relationships with suppliers have a central role for supplier success and for establishing profitable prices (Hinterhuber & Liozu, 2015). Suppliers that seek to achieve price levels above the average market prices of offerings need to convince buyers of a favorable price/quality ratio (T?yt?ri, Rajala, & Alejandro, 2015). To date, however, research on absolute prices paid by buyers to suppliers, relative prices paid as compared to the average price level in a product category, or exchange partners’ perceptions of prices charged in business relationships remains limited. Extant work on buyer-supplier relationships has most commonly focused on costs rather than prices as economic outcomes of interest (e.g., Cannon & Homburg, 2001; Kalwani & Narayandas, 1995). The purpose of this research is to deepen the understanding of buyers’ price assessments in business relationships. Specifically, this research seeks to further illuminate how relationship inputs provided by suppliers influence buyers’ assessments of the price level charged and their satisfaction with the price/quality ratio provided by the suppliers. The relationship inputs examined include buyers’ perceptions of supplier relationship-specific investments, long-term orientation, and relationship planning. In addition, this research considers two relationship parameters, that is, buyers’ commitment to the supplier and dependence from the supplier. Based on a sample of executives of different buyer firms, this research examines net effects and combinatory effects of the relationship factors on buyers’ evaluations of economic outlay. While the study of net effects offers insights into the effects of single antecedents on the outcomes across a sample of cases, the analysis of combinatory effects delineates (configurations of) antecedents sufficient for bringing about the outcomes of interest (e.g., Leischnig, Henneberg, & Thornton, 2016). Knowledge of these effects helps assess what relationship inputs and what combinations thereof may act as potential remedies for buyers’ price-related resentment in business The findings of this research show alternative configurations of relationship inputs and relationship characteristics sufficient for the two outcomes of interest. In addition, this research shows that individual relationship inputs and characteristics can have opposite effects on the outcomes, depending on how they combine with other antecedent conditions. Moreover, the results of this research reveal that specific antecedent factors differ in terms of causal coreness for the two outcomes of interest. In summary, these findings add to the net effect analysis and provide a more detailed and nuanced understanding of how relationship attributes impact buyers’ price assessments in business relationships.

Flow Bifurcation Aspects and the Prandtl Number Effect on Laminar Heat Transfer in a Long Duct Rotating in the Orthogonal Mode

Alexander I. Kirillov,Vladimir V. Ris,Evgueni M. Smirnov 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.3 No.1