서울 상업용도지역 내 주거 기능 회복의 필요성과 방향 -서울 역사도심과 뉴욕 맨해튼을 중심으로-

이연경,이경민,최원우,신중호,김도년,Lee, Youn-Kyung,Lee, Kyung-Min,Choi, Won-Woo,Shin, Jung Ho,Kim, Do-Nyun 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.6

The purpose of this study is to present the problems of urban ecosystem imbalance in Seoul and the need to restore housing functions through comparison with Manhattan, New York, which grew earlier than Seoul and has been striving to solve urban problems and restore urban ecosystems. The residential status in urban commercial use areas was investigated through analysis of the total amount of residential space, characteristics of each type of residential building, and distribution of residential buildings. Through this, it can be seen that most of the space in Seoul's historic city center is biased toward commercial roads, and there are significantly insufficient high- and high-density mixed-use buildings suitable for urban dwellings compared to Manhattan's. In addition, it can be seen that the complex building in the historical city center of Seoul is located adjacent to the outskirts of the target site. In conclusion, Seoul's historical city center does not provide an appropriate residential space for creating an urban ecosystem, and it is necessary to come up with measures to restore housing functions.

연령에 따른 비만과 치주질환과의 관련성

이연경 ( Youn Kyoung Lee ),박정란 ( Jeong Ran Park ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to find the association between obesity and periodontal disease by age in adults. Methods : The subjects were 5,728 adults in the first year of the Fifth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010. The questionnaire included oral examinations, periodontal disease, and body mass index screenings. Chi-square test was performed to confirm the periodontal disease. Results : The impact of obesity and waist circumference on body mass index (BMI) showed high risk of periodontal diseases. The risk of periodontal disease according to BMI by age was closely related to obesity ranged form 35 to 59 yeard old. The increased waist circumference and those who were in 35 to 59 and over 60 years old had a significant association with the periodontal disease risk. Conclusions : Obesity and periodontal disease are closely related factors. Those aged from 35 to 59 are the high risk groups of potential obesity and periodontal disease. It is very important to control well-balanced nutrition and physical activity that can prevent the progression of periodontal disease.

리듬감 신장을 위한 다양한 리듬 지도 기법에 대한 연구

이연경(Youn Kyung Lee) 한국음악교육학회 2002 음악교육연구 Vol.22 No.-

The teaching of rhythmic skills has been regarded as one of the most important areas in music study, but there has been a lack of understanding on the pedagogical principles of rhythm learning and various teaching techniques. The purpose of this study is to suggest various teaching techniques which can be used effectively in promoting rhythmic sensitivity of children in general music classroom. This study reviewed the related literature concerning music teaching method to examine rhythm learning theories to provide the theoretical basis on developing instructional strategies for rhythm teaching. The rhythm learning theories reviewed in the study were Koda´ly music method, Eurhythmics of Jaque-Dalcroze, speech rhythms and body rhythms of Orff, and the movement theory for cultivating beat awareness proposed by Weikart. And also the study discussed and compared several rhythm syllable systems which were developed to facilitate rhythm reading process. The ryhthm syllable systems described in the study were as follows: (1) Koda´ly`s rhythm duration syllable; (2) Gordon`s rhyrhm syllable based on the actual aural / oral sound of the rhythm patterns which are perceived and audiated; (3) Orb`s word rhythm method; (4) action words system based on body movements; (5) the rhythm reading method based on the actual note names; (6) the system chanting rhythm by counting the number of beats and subdivisions of the beat such as 1 and 2 and (??) or 1 e and a (♬♬) ; and (7) the reading approach suggested by Bebeau, which incoporated several ryhthm reading techniques such as syllables, note names, and words. The logic of a rhythm learning sequence must be set by teachers with a thorough understanding of conceptual learning and of developmental levels of children. In this aspect, the study examined rhythm learning contents of several major music curriculum to identify a logical sequence for the introduction of rhythm elements. The instructional strategies offered in the study were classified into the following seven categories and described in detail with specific teaching ideas and learning activities: (1) the approach based on bodily movement; (2) the aural appraoch utilizing musical compositions to increase aural skills in discriminating rhythmic patterns through listening experiences; (3) the visual approach emptying the various visual materials to reinforce rhythmic understanding; (4) the creative approach to guide the students explore and express rhythmic elements in creative ways; (5) the teaching technique using poems or rhymes as teaching materials for applying and exploring rhythm elements in various manners; (6) the approach using short piano pieces as a music material for an activity to create and design rhythmic dances; and (7) the teaching staratgies introducing rhythm games to increase the interest of the students in the study of rhythm as well as to develop rhythmic response.

청소년들의 식생활습관 및 구강보건행동과 치아우식증의 관련성

이연경 ( Youn Kyoung Lee ),권호장 ( Ho Jang Kwon ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Objectives : This study aimed to explore the influence of food intake and oral health behaviors on dental caries in juveniles. Methods : A total of 2,129 juveniles completed a questionnaire survey to identify the presence of permanent teeth caries, behaviors relevant to oral health and food intake based on the fourth National Health and Nutrition Survey. Results : Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher occasions of intake of carbonated drinks significantly cased dental caries in the meanwhile oral health behavior and the number of toothbrushing was in reverse proportion to dntal caries. The risk of dental caries was higher in the group of lower frequency of toothbrushing and intake of carbonated drink. Conclusions : Carbonated drinks intake and the number of toothbrushing is closely related to dental caries. So it is very important to develop oral health education program in order to improve eating habits and toothbrushing habits in juveniles.

기악 연주기술 발달에 영향을 주는 요. 인 및 교육적 적용을 위한 탐색: 관련 연구의 문헌적 고찰에 근거하여

이연경 ( Youn Kyung Lee ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 교사교육연구 Vol.50 No.3

기악 연주기술 발달은 음악교육의 중요한 목표 중의 하나로 효과적으로 연습하는 능력은 기악 연주기술 습득의 중요한 요소로 간주되어 왔다. 연주기술은 개개인의 학습 이력에 따른 결과로서 기악 연주기술이 발달되는 과정과 방식 및 최종 습득되는 연주기술의 구조와 수준은 개인마다 다른 것으로 추정되고 있다. 학 생들의 악기 연습과정을 적절히 안내하고 지원하기 위해서 교사는 여러 수준의 학생들에게 적합한 효과적인 연습전략을 계획 구안하여 제안할 수 있는 능력과 이를 위한 전문적인 식견이 요구된다. 기악 연주기술 발달과 관련된 다양한 문제 및 악기 연습과정에 관련된 여러 요인들에 대한 기악 실기 교사들의 이해를 도 모하기 위해 교사들에게 이에 대한 심리학적 원리와 학술적 근거 자료를 제공할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 포괄적인 문헌조사를 토대로 과학적인 방식으로 실행된 관련연구들을 수집 조사 분석 종합하여 기악 연주기 술 발달에 양향을 주는 변인들을 다각적으로 규명하였으며 이에 근거하여 효율적인 연습기법과 교수전략을 탐색하여 체계적인 기악 실기지도의 방향을 제언하였다. 본 연구에서 중점적으로 조사한 내용은 다음과 같 다; 연습의 속성과 3단계 전략적 국면; 연습량과 연주 성취도와의 상관관계; 기악 연주기술 습득과정: 기악 연주기술 발달에 영향을 주는 내적 요인 (동기유발, 개인적 성향, 자기규제 능력) 및 외적 사회 환경적 요인 (가정환경. 조기 음악적 경험. 부모와 교사의 역할): 음악연주의 인지적 표상화 능력; 숙련된 연주자의 연습행동 특성; 및 효과적인 기악 연습기법 (연주 모델 제시하기, 연습목표 설정 및 구조화된 연습, 유목적 반복연습, 및 정신적 연습과 신체적 연습). 관련연구들을 검토한 바에 의하면 기악 연주기술 습득과 뛰어난 연주력은 타고난 유전적 소질이라는 입장보다는 여러 후천적 요인들이 작용된다는 견해가 지배적이다. 즉, 연습과 노력, 성취 욕구, 자기규제 (self-regulation) 성향 둥의 개인 관련 내적 요인 및 긍정적인 조기 음악경험. 교사와 부모의 우호적이고 적극적인 지원 등을 포함하는 외적 환경 요인과 많은 관련성을 지니는 것으로 설명되고 있다. 하지만 유전적 소인의 개인 차이가 동기유발 과정과 어려운 일에 참여하는 능락 등 에 영향을 주는 것으로 추정되고 있다. The development of instrumentalists`musical performance skills has been considered as one of the most important goals in music teaching, and the ability to practice effectively is essential for acquiring musical performance skills. Instrumental music teachers need competency to plan and to suggest the strategies for effective practice. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a better understanding of what makes practice effective and how it contributes to the acquisition of musical expertise. The purpose of the study was to review and synthesize the research findings in the development of instrumentalists` musical performance skills to investigate the variables that influence the development of performance skill and the effectiveness of practice. The present study discussed the concept of deliberate practice, three strategic practices, the amount of practice time, skill acquisition phases, and the development of expertise in music. The study also identified the intrinsic factors on musical development such as motivation, the cognitive style (reflection/impulsivity), self-regulation, as well as the environmental influences which include the home environment: early interactions with music, supervised practice by parents, and the role of the music teacher. Finally, suggestions were provided for applying these research findings to actual music teaching practices. Based on the characteristics of practice behavior of expert musicians and three cognitive skills of instrumentalists` musical performance, the following practice techniques and strategies were described: practice approach in an organized, goal-oriented manner; purposeful repetition; focus on error detection and correction; providing performance model and self-monitoring; mental practice in combination with physical practice; study and analysis of scores; and regular practice sessions.

Analysis of Mineralogical Characteristics of Acid Sulfate Soil and Reclaimed Flat Tidal Soils Amended with Animal Manure on Haenam Bay Region

Lee, Dong Sung(이동성),Dae Sung Jeon(전대성),Kyo Suk Lee(이교석),Misuk Park(박미숙),Ji Su Shin(신지수),Youn Koung Lee(이연경),Ji Won Goo(구지원),Soo Bin Kim(김수빈),Doug Young Chung(정덕영) 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.10

소아 연령에 따른 IgG 및 IgG Subclass 정상치의 변화

이연경(Youn Kyung Lee),김동수(Dong Soo Kim),이정운(Jung Woon Lee),임형복(Hyung Bok Lim),이기영(Ki Young Lee) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 1999 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.9 No.1

목 적 : 현재 사용하고 있는 IgG 아형 농도측정방법은 일반적으로 ELISA법에 의하는 것이 대부분이다. 이 방법은 기존에 알려져 있는 방법중 가장 낮은 농도까지 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있으나 결과 판독에 있어서 일정한 결과를 얻기가 힘든 경우들이 종종 있는 실정이다. 이번에 영국 Binding사에서 개발된 방법은 nephelometry를 이용하는 방법으로 결과 판독에 어떤 장점이 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 대상은 신생아, 1-4개월, 5-10개월, 11-24개월, 2-5세 사이의 정상 소아 각 20명씩을 대상으로 혈청 내 IgG와 IgG subclass를 측정하였다. 방법은 Human IgG subclass, Liquid reagents BNⅡ kit(Binding Site Ltd., England)를 사용하여 nephelometry(Gehring Nephelometer Analyzer Ⅱ, Germany)로 측정하였다. 결 과: 1) IgG, IgG_1, IgG_2, IgG_3, IgG_4의 표준곡선은 r값이 각각 0.991, 0.997, 0,980, 0.973, 0.997로 잘 correlation됨을 알 수 있었다. 2) IgG, IgG_3, IgG_4는 5-10개월에 가장 낮은 양상을 보이다가 2-5세에는 정상 성인 수준으로 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 3) IgG_l, IgG_2는 1-4개월에 가장 낮은 양상을 보이다가 역시 2-5세에 정상 성인 수준으로 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 결 론 : Nephelometry를 사용하는 방법은 ELISA방법에 비하여 낮은 농도를 측정하는데는 한계가 있지만 일반적인 농도를 측정하는데 있어서 정도관리(quality control)가 잘 되는 좋은 방법으로 생각된다. Purpose : Currently the most widely used method of measuring IgG concentration is the method employing ELISA. This method has an advantage to detect smaller quantities than other standard methods, but in certain cases, consistent results cannot be obtained, thus impairing reliable data analysis. In this study, we attempt to determine the advantages in data analysis offered by the new method developed by Binding Site Ltd.(England) that employs a nephelometry. Methods : 20 healthy subjects were studied from each of the following age groups : neonates, 1-4 months old, 5-10 months old, 11-24 months old, and 2-5 years old children. Serum IgG and IgG subclass concentrations were measured by nephelometry(Gehring Nephelometer Analyzer Ⅱ, Germany) using Human IgG subclass, Liquid reagents BNⅡ kit(Binding Site Ltd., England). Results:1) The r values for the standard curves of IgG, IgG_1, IgG_2, IgG_3, IgG_4 concentrations were 0.991, 0.997, 0.980, 0.973, 0.997, respectively. 2) IgG, IgG_3, and IgG_4 concentrations were lowest at the age of 5-10 months and increased to normal adult levels at 2-5 years of age. 3) IgG_1 and IgG_2 were lowest at the age of 1-4 months and increased to normal adult levels at 2-5 years of age. Conclusion : The method employing nephelometry for measuring serum IgG & IgG subclasses concentration is not as sensitive as ELISA in detecting the lower concentrations. However, our studies indicate that it presents the advantage of better quality control in measuring values in the average range.

미국 작곡가 에마 루 디머(Emma Lou Diemer)의 교재용 피아노 악곡 연구

이연경 ( Youn Kyung Lee ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2016 음악교수법연구 Vol.17 No.1

에마 루 디머(Emma Lou Diemer)는 20세기 미국 여성 작곡가로 다양한 장르의 현대음악을 방대한 양으로 작곡하였다. 건반음악 연주자이기도 한 디머는 교재용 피아노 악곡을 많이 작곡하였는데 그녀의 피아노음악은 음군, 음렬, 내부 현 연주기법 및 약음기법과 같은 여러 혁신적 주법을 비롯하여 다양한 20세기 작곡기법을 사용하고 있어 현대 음향과 20세기 음악양식의 학습에 효과적인 작품으로 평가되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 디머 피아노 음악에 대한 교사들의 이해를 도모하기 위해 디머의 생애 및 음악교육배경, 주요 음악활동, 시기별 작곡경향을 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 관련 문헌 검토를 통해 디머의 피아노 독주곡 전체를 조사하였으며, 피아노 독주곡을 상급 수준 연주용 레퍼토리와 초급ㆍ중급 수준 교재용 레퍼토리로 구분하여 각각 악곡 목록을 제시하였다. 교재용 악곡 중에서 대표적인 다섯 작품집을 선정하여 각 작품집에 사용된작곡기법과 음악적 특징을 검토 분석하고 주요 지도요소 및 연주상의 특이 사항 등에 대해 살펴보았다. 본연구에서 고찰한 디머의 교재용 악곡은 시대적, 양식적, 기법적 측면에서 피아노 레퍼토리의 다양성을 확장시키는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Emma Lou Diemer is a prolific American woman composer who has been active as a musician of various roles, such as a composer, teacher, and performer. Diemer explored a diversity of musical styles and a greater number of innovative twentieth century techniques in her piano music. Diemer’s pedagogical works for piano have been suggested as a valuable teaching literature by many piano pedagogues. The purpose of the study was to introduce elementary and intermediate solo piano works composed by Emma Lou Diemer. The study made a comprehensive survey of concert and pedagogical piano works by Diemer and selected composer’s five representative albums to give detailed analysis regarding compositional techniques, teaching elements, and performance considerations. And also the study reviewed composer’s biography, musical background, professional activities, awards and compositional styles. The paper provided the lists of the entire concert and pedagogical piano solo works. Thorough examination of Diemer’s instructional piano works shows that these pieces are written in various musical contents including the following 20th century stylistic elements: 12 tone-row, tone cluster, quartal/quintal harmony, graphic notation, and extended techniques such as inside piano playing and dampened strings. The primary goal of this study was to expand contemporary piano teaching literature and guide piano teachers for understanding Diemer’s piano works. It is hoped that the study will help teachers make a repertoire selection for contemporary instructional literature and recognize the value of piano works of Diemer for introducing musical styles of the 20th century to students.

Influence of Hydrofluoric Acid on Soil Microorganisms and Physicochemical Properties of Soils

Lee, Youn Koung(이연경),Dong Sung Lee(이동성),Kyo Suk Lee(이교석),Dae Sung Jeon(전대성),Mi suk Park(박미숙),Ji Su Shin(신지수),Ji Won Goo(구지원),Soo Bin Kim(김수빈),Na Won Park(박나원),Ye Jin Park(박예진),So Jin Kim(김소정),Bo Koung 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.10

Guillain-Barre 증후군에 동반된 항이뇨 호르몬 부적합 분비 증후군

이연경 ( Youn Kyoung Lee ),마성권 ( Seong Kwon Ma ),김상훈 ( Sang Hun Kim ),이윤철 ( Yoon Chul Lee ),조민석 ( Min Seok Cho ),김수완 ( Soo Wan Kim ),김남호 ( Nam Ho Kim ),최기철 ( Ki Chul Choi ) 대한신장학회 2004 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.23 No.4