벼 단인자 계통과 우량 벼품종의 도열병 저항성 분석을 통한 안정 저항성 유전자 탐색

백만기(Man-Kee Baek),박현수(Hyun-Su Park),이창민(Chang-Min Lee),이효정(Hyo-Jeong Lee),정종민(Jong-Min Jeong),안억근(Eok-Keun Ahn),현웅조(Wong-Jo Hyun),이지윤(Ji-Yoon Lee),정오영(O-Young Jeong),정지웅(Ji-Ung Jeung),이점호(Jeom-Ho Lee) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Rice is the most important staple food in Korea. Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseasesin the rice-growing world and in Korea. Eighteen major blast resistance genes were screened in 33 leading Korean japonica varieties using44 DNA markers. The 33 leading japonica varieties are cultivated in 659,642 ha (90.4%), and a variety of Samkwang is cultivated widelyon a nation-wide scale. Four resistance genes, Pia, Pib, Pi19, and Pb1, were detected in 10-21 varieties, and the R-genes of Pii, Pish, Pita/Pita-2,Piz/Piz-t, Pi35, and Pi65(t), were present in 2-5 varieties. Five R-genes, Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21, and Pi40, were not detected in the Korean japonicarice varieties. A total of six varieties, two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, a medium flowering variety Gopum; and three earlyflowering varieties Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul; were resistant to blast nursery screening over 12 years. A variety of Gopum harboredalleles for Piz/Piz-t, and three early flowering varieties, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul, had extensive loci of the multiple-gene familyPiz/Piz-t, Pi9, and Pi40 on chromosome 6. Two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, harbored the Pita-2 gene, and Gopum hadPita. In the japonica rice breeding program, an effective means for enhancing stable resistance to blast will be to introduce resistance genesPit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21 and Pi40 which were not identified in Korean japonica rice varieties, and resistance genes Pita/Pita-2, Piz-t/Piz-5, to 2-3R genes among and Pi20 that showed stable resistance in monogenic IRBL lines.

내도복 복합내병 최고품질 중만생 벼 ‘예찬’

백만기(Man-Kee Baek),박현수(Hyun-Su Park),남정권(Jeong-Kwon Nam),조영찬(Young-Chan Cho),김기영(Ki-Young Kim),김정주(Jeong-Ju Kim),김우재(Woo-Jae Kim),신운철(Woon-Chul Shin),정지웅(Ji-Ung Jeung),김춘송(Choon-Song Kim),정종민(Jong-Min 한국육종학회 2019 한국육종학회지 Vol.51 No.4

‘Yechan’ is a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with lodging tolerance and multiple disease resistance. It was a derived from a cross between ‘Hopum’ and ‘Iksan537’ (cultivar name ‘Haepum’). ‘Hopum’ is a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with strong lodging tolerance and ‘Haepum’ is a high grain quality medium maturing rice cultivar with multiple disease resistance. To shorten the breeding period, another culture method was applied to the F1 plants. ‘Yechan’ was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests, with a high selection pressure for grain quality, lodging, and disease resistance. The heading date of ‘Yechan’ was August 14, one day later than that of ‘Nampyeong’. ‘Yechan’ is a cultivar tolerant to lodging and it has short culms. It has multiple disease resistance against rice blast, rice stripe virus, and bacterial blight, including the K3a race, the most virulent race in Korea. The yield of ‘Yechan’ was similar to that of ‘Nampyeong’. ‘Yechan’ showed excellent grain appearance, superior taste when cooked, and enhanced milling performance; thus, we concluded that it could contribute to the improvement of Korean japonica rice cultivar quality. ‘Yechan’, a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with lodging tolerance and multiple disease resistance, would be suitable for cultivation in the southern plain area in Korea and has been utilized in the breeding programs aimed at enhancing the grain quality and stability for the cultivation of Korean japonica rice (Registration No. 7647).

내병성 자포니카 벼 계통 육성과 저항성 유전자 집적효과

김우재,백만기,박현수,이건미,이창민,김석만,조영찬,서정필,정오영,Kim, Woo-Jae,Baek, Man-Kee,Park, Hyeon-Su,Lee, Geon-Mi,Lee, Chang-Min,Kim, Seok-Man,Cho, Young-Chan,Seo, Jeong-Phil,Jeong, O-Young 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

This study was carried out to develop a resistant variety against the K3a race of bacterial blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, through expansion and pyramiding of resistance genes. To develop an elite bacterial blight-resistant cultivar, the breeding process and bacterial blight resistance reactions in advanced backcross lines (ABLs) were analyzed. ABLs21 which contain Xa3 and Xa21, were developed by double backcrossing japonica cultivar Hwanggeumnuri, which has bacterial blight resistant Xa3 gene, and indica variety IRBB21, which havs Xa21 gene, followed by disease resistance bioassay and marker-assisted selection. The resistance genes of ABLs21 were amplified by PCR with the molecular markers 9643.T4 (Xa3) and U1/I1 (Xa21). Hwanggeumnuri and IRBB3 showed resistance reactions against K1, K2, and K3 races, and a susceptible reaction against K3a, K4, and K5 races. IRBB21 showed resistance reactions against K2, K3, K3a, K4 and K5 races, and a susceptible reaction against K1 race. Hwanggeumnuri showed susceptible reactions at the seedling, tillering and adult stages (all stages), whereas ABL21-1 showed moderate resistance at the tillering stage. ABL21-1 showed stable resistance against 18 isolates of K3a race, and the lesion length was shorter than that of the donor parents. In cluster analysis, the HB4032 isolate showed the highest pathogenicity among the 18 isolates. The molecular marker polymorphisms and average substituted chromosome segment lengths of ABLs21 were 63.2 % and 86.1 cM, respectively. Insertion of the donor chromosomal segments occurred in the predicted region of the Xa21 gene of ABLs21.

호남평야지 재배시기별 조생종 벼 품종의 품질 및 호화점도 특성 분석

박현수(Hyun-Su Park),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),이창민(Chang-Min Lee),김석만(Suk-Man Kim),서정필(Jung-Pil Suh),정오영(O-Young Jeong),조영찬(Young-Chan Cho) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Early maturing rice is widely utilized to diversify cropping systems in the Honam Plain, Korea. It is based on the principle ofa short growth duration. There is concern regarding quality deterioration of early maturing rice owing to the high temperature during theripening stage as compared to that for mid and mid-late maturing rice. This study was conducted to analyze six pasting property-related andeight quality traits of six early maturing rice varieties (Jopyeong, Odae, Unkwang, Haedamssal, Jinkwang, and Haedeul) on early, ordinary,and late cultivations, and to interpret the relationships between genotypes and environments. As the cultivation time increased, the ratio ofhead rice (HR) and glossiness of cooked rice (Toyo value, TY) increased. The cumulative mean temperature of the ripening stage showeda strong negative correlation with HR and TY at all cultivation times. Pasting temperature, peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity, final viscosity,and breakdown (BD) decreased, whereas setback (SB) increased as the cultivation time was delayed. Pasting properties were affected moreby climate conditions in the ripening stage than during the growth stage. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis revealedthat pasting property-related and quality traits were affected more by environment than genotype. Jinkwang and Haedamssal in early and ordinarycultivation and Jinkwang and Haedeul in late cultivation exhibited higher HR and TY and a lower protein content. They also showed higherPV and BD and lower SB, which are characteristics of good eating quality japonica rice. Jinkwang, Haedamssal, and Haedeul are premium-quality,early maturing rice varieties that were recently developed. The cultivation of these varieties could improve the grain quality of early maturingrice at high temperatures during the ripening stage in the Honam Plain.

생육기간이 짧고 수당립수가 많은 자포니카 조생 사료용 벼 ‘조농’

박현수(Hyun-Su Park),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),김우재(Woo-Jae Kim),김정주(Jeong-Ju Kim),정종민(Jong-Min Jeong),조영찬(Young-Chan Cho),고종철(Jong-Cheol Ko),정지웅(Ji-Ung Jeung),정오영(O-Young Jeong),이창민(Chang-Min Lee),김석만(Suk-Man Ki 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.3

‘Jonong’ is an early maturing whole crop silage (WCS) japonica rice cultivar characterized by a short growth duration and numerousspikelets. It was developed to enhance the adaptability of WCS rice to double-cropping systems. ‘Jonong’ is derived from a cross between‘Binhae Col.#1’ and ‘Deuraechan’; ‘Binhae Col.#1’ is a semi-early maturing China rice germplasm with numerous spikelets on dense panicles,whereas ‘Deuraechan’ is a high-yielding japonica rice cultivar with numerous spikelets on long panicles. To diversify the genetic variationand shorten the breeding period, an anther culture method was applied to the F₁ plants. ‘Jonong’ was selected through the pedigree method,yield trials, and local adaptability tests, with a high selection pressure for short growth duration and high biomass. The average heading dateof ‘Jonong’ was August 1st, which is 11 days earlier than that of ‘Nokyang’, the standard cultivar for WCS rice. Moreover, the growth durationof ‘Jonong’ is the shortest among all Korean WCS rice cultivars. The culm length of ‘Jonong’ is 88 cm, which 4 cm longer than that of‘Nokyang’ and the highest among all Korean early maturing rice cultivars. ‘Jonong’ has 149 spikelets per panicle, which is 30 more thanthat of ‘Nokyang’, and is the highest among all Korean early maturing rice cultivars. ‘Jonong’ exhibits stable premature heading and is tolerantto lodging. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast and resistant to the rice stripe virus. The feed value of ‘Jonong’ in terms of total digestiblenutrients is good and comparable to that of ‘Nokyang’. Furthermore, compared with ‘Nokyang’, ‘Jonong’ shows a similar level of dry matteryield and a higher rough rice yield. Therefore, ‘Jonong’, an early maturing WCS japonica rice with short growth duration and numerousspikelets, would be suitable for cultivating in winter forage crop-rice double cropping systems (Registration No. 7274).

자포니카 벼 입형 다양화 육종소재 개발 및 특성 분석

박현수(Hyun-Su Park),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),남정권(Jeong-Kwon Nam),신운철(Woon-Cheol Shin),정종민(Jong-Min Jeong),이건미(Gun-Mi Lee),박슬기(Seul-Gi Park),김춘송(Choon-Song Kim),조영찬(Young-Chan Cho),김보경(Bo-Kyeong Kim) 한국육종학회 2017 한국육종학회지 Vol.49 No.4

To diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice, we developed the Breeding Materials with Diverse Grain Size and Shape (BM_DGS) and characterized the grain and yield-related traits. We used the donor parents Jizi1560 and Jizi1581, japonica germplasm with extremely large grain size. Four cross combinations between the each donor parents and Korean high yielding japonica rice cultivars, Deuraechan and Boramchan, were constructed and anther culture method was applied. Among 290 doubled haploid lines, we selected 91 elite lines with diverse grain size and shape and designated to the BM_DGS. The grain size and shape of BM_DGS exhibited beyond the characteristics of previously developed Korean rice cultivars. The alleles of major grain-related genes, GW2, GS3, and qSW5, in BM_DGS showed two types, wild type or loss-of-function mutant type. The loss-of-function mutant alleles, gw2, gs3, and qsw5, had an effect on increasing grain size. The phenotypic variation of grain length was mostly controlled by GS3 alleles, and grain width and thickness were influenced by the combinations of GW2 and qSW5 alleles. 1,000-grain weight was determined by the combinations of GW2, GS3, and qSW5. The grain-related genes influenced the phenotypic variation of yield-related traits. The result of this study could be useful to elucidate the relationship between the grain-related genes and agronomic traits. And the BM_DGS are being utilized in the breeding programs to diversify the grain size and shape in japonica rice.

국립식량과학원 육성 벼 품종의 내풍성 특성 분석

박현수(Hyun-Su Park),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),정오영(O-Young Jeong),전용희(Yong-Hee Jeon) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.1

The damage caused by typhoons to rice production has been increasing. To reduce this damage, wind-tolerant rice breeding programshave been conducted at the Yeongdeok substation (YS) of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS). This study was conducted to examinethe effects of these wind-tolerant rice breeding programs. Under the wind-tolerance screening facility (WTSF), the wind-tolerance of 17 ricevarieties bred at NICS (usual rice) and 20 rice varieties bred at YS (wind-tolerant rice) were analyzed by evaluating six traits: white spikelet(WS), white panicle (WP), degree of wind damage (DG), ratio of ripened grain (RRG) at control (RRG_C) and treatment (RRG_T), andreduction rate of RRG between control and treatment (RRG_R). Wind-tolerant rice showed more wind-tolerant characteristics than usual rice,such as lower WS, WP, DG, and RRG_R and higher RRG_T and RRG_C. In the principal component analysis, wind-tolerant rice showinga similar direction for RRG_T and RRG_C were located separately from the usual rice. The adaptability tests of wind-tolerant rice wereconducted by evaluating eight yield-related traits in the wind-prone areas. Wind-tolerant rice was divided into three clusters by K-means clusteringanalysis using WP and RRG_T with the WTSF, RRG, and yield in the wind-prone areas. Among the three clusters, YC2 had the strongestwind tolerance performance, followed by YC3 showing moderate wind tolerance, and YC1 the weakest wind tolerance. ‘Sinbo’, a varietybelonging to YC2, exhibited the strongest wind tolerance and high yield potential among all varieties. The wind-tolerant rice varieties bredat YS could be used practically to prevent wind damage and utilize breeding materials to enhance the wind tolerance of rice varieties.

우리나라 벼 품종개발 변천사 및 성과

조영찬(Young-Chan Cho),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),박현수(Hyun-Su Park),조준현(Jun-Hyun Cho),안억근(Eok-Keun Ahn),서정필(Jung-Pil Suh),정지웅(Ji-Ung Jeung),이종희(Jong-Hee Lee),원용재(Yong-Jae Won),송유천(Yoo-Chun Song),정응기(Eung-Gi Jeong 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.S

Rice research in Korea during the past 100 years has gone through tremendous changes and improvements as the country underwent a turbulent history of transformation. Full-scale R&D modernization began in the 1970s, when the government focused policy on achieving self-sufficiency in rice in order to establish the foundation for national economic growth. A major landmark was reached by the development of the rice variety “Tongil” and its cultivation technology, which was at the core of the unprecedented Korean “Green Revolution”. Since achieving self-sufficiency in rice, the breeding goal of Korea moved from increasing yield to improving grain quality as more consumers began to seek high quality food products in the 1980s. This change led to the establishment of the high quality rice breeding platform for enhancing the global competitiveness of Korean rice to cope with the opening of domestic rice market in the 2000s. Currently, the major breeding goals in rice are developing premium quality cultivars for table rice and specialized cultivars for boosting processed food industry. To date, the National Institute of Crop Science has released a total of 300 rice cultivars, including 202 table rice and 98 specialized usage cultivars. Diverse technologies have been developed and utilized for breeding new rice cultivars to meet changing needs. In the next 100 years of rice breeding, the convergence of traditional crop improvement technologies and the new breeding technologies utilizing recent advances in biotechnology will play a crucial role in enhancing breeding efficiency.

초장립종 벼를 이용한 입형 관련 QTL 분석 및 국내 벼 품종 입형 개선 연구

김석만,박현수,이창민,백만기,조영찬,서정필,정오영,Kim, Suk-Man,Park, Hyun-Su,Lee, Chang-Min,Baek, Man-Kee,Cho, Young-Chan,Suh, Jung-Pil,Jeong, Oh-Young 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

Rice grain shape is one of the key components of grain yield and market value. An understanding of the genetic basis of the variation in grain shape could be used to improve grain shape. In this study, we developed a total of 265 F₂ individuals derived from a cross between japonica cultivars (Josaeng-jado and Langi) and used this population for quantitative trait locus (QLT) analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between grain traits (GL: grain length, GW: grain width, L/W: ratio of length to width, TGW: 1,000 grain weight). The grain shape was positively correlated with GL and TGW, and negatively correlated with GW. In QTL analysis associated with grain shape, one QTL for GL, qGL5, detected on chromosome 5, explained 20.3% of the phenotypic variation (PV), while two QTLs, qGW5 (PV=36.1) and qGW7 (PV=26.1), for GW were identified on chromosomes 5 and 7, respectively. Evaluation of the effects of each of the QTLs on the grain shape in the population showed a significant difference in the grain size in positive lines compared with the lines without the QTLs. According to the QTL combination of the allelic-types, the grain shape of the tested lines varied from semi-round type to long spindle-shaped type. The results of this study extend our knowledge about the genetic pool governing the diversity of grain shape in japonica cultivars and could be used to improve the grain shape of this species through marker-assisted selective breeding in Korea.

벼 품종 간 누룽지의 특성 비교 연구

유재수 ( Jae Soo Yoo ),백만기 ( Man Kee Baek ),백소현 ( So Hyeon Baek ),박현수 ( Hyun Su Park ),조영찬 ( Young Chan Cho ),김보경 ( Bo Kyeong Kim ),하기용 ( Ki Young Ha ) 한국산업식품공학회 2012 산업 식품공학 Vol.16 No.4

자포니카 품종을 이용하여 제조된 누룽지의 품종 간 차이를 비교하기 위하여 이화학적인 특성, 조직감 및 관능 특성에 대해 조사하였다. 품종들의 수분함량은 12.6-14.4%, 단백질 함량은 5.7-7.9%, 지질 함량은 0.6-3.4%, 회분 함량은 0.3-0.5% 범위이었다. 아밀로스 함량은 14.3-17.3% 범위로 대립벼가 가장 높고 친농이 가장 낮게 평가되었다. 물결합력은 품종 중 보람찬이 가장 높았으며, 경도는 신동진이 가장 높아 단단하였고 보람찬이 낮아 부드러운 특성을 나타냈다. 색도는 친농이 가장 밝게 평가되었고, 환원당 함량은 1.8-2.11 mg/mL 범위로 색도와의 상관관계는 알 수 없었다. 관능검사 결과 색깔에 대한 평가는 친농이 가장 높았고, 냄새는 친농>드래찬>보람찬 순으로 우수하였으며, 맛, 경도, 씹힘성과 전반적인 기호도는 보람찬이 우수하였다. This study was carried out to compare the varietal difference in physicochemical properties, texture and sensory characteristics of nuroong-gi prepared japonica rice cultivars. Moisture content of the cultivars was 12.6-14.4%, crude protein content was 5.7-7.9% and crude lipid content was 0.6-3.4%, ash content was 0.3-0.5%. Amylose content is varied from 14.3% to 17.3% and Daeribbyeo 1 scored the highest, Chinnong the lowest. The water binding capacity of Boranchan scored the highest, Shindongjin showed hard characteristics because it scored the highest in hardness whereas Boramchan showed soft characteristics because it scored the lowest in hardness, Lightness of Hunter color values indicates that Chinnong was evaluated as the brightest, reducing sugar content is arranged from 1.8 to 2.11mg/mL which doesn`t show correlation with color. In regard to a result of sensory evaluation, Chinnong scored the highest in color assessment, flavor scored higher in turn of Chinnong, Deuraechan, Boramchan, Boramchan scored higher in taste, hardness, chewiness evaluation and overall acceptability.