장기적인 hGH 처치와 사다리 오르기가 노화된 암컷 흰쥐 FHL의 형태학적, 효소학적 특성에 미치는 영향

권율이 ( Yul E Kwon ),정대모 ( Dae Mo Chung ),박현 ( Hyon Park ) 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.1

The effects of hGH, resistance exercise, and the combination of them on morphological and enzymological properties especially of FHL in old female SD rats were investigated in this study. Thirsty one rats were divided into 4 groups including control; C (n=7), hGH administration; (n=8), resistance exercise; (n=8) and hGH plus resistance exercise; X (n=8). An hGH solution (somatropin, Saizen) was injected with 2.5 mg/kg/day dose to group G and X, and the same volume of saline was injected to group C and E. Resistance training was loaded by climbing 100 cm and 85 degrees ladder with certain weight at rat`s tail. And the load was gradually increased daily and periods based to the max. During eight weeks of treatment, through Muscle fiber type distribution, capillary density, citrate synthase enzyme activity and β-HAD, we can analyze morphological and enzymological properties especially in FHL.In the ability of the exercise their ability to climb ladder with some loads suspended their tails was improved continuously. In enzyme activities, but GH has basically lipid metabolism effect, E group has higher values than G and X group in β-HAD. Through these, resistance training has more effects than GH administration. Meanwhile, C group has lower value than E group in citrate synthase because our training was a high intensity resistance training, it would affect anaerobic metabolism.

LiBr용액량 변화에 따른 수평다관 흡수기의 특성 연구

권율,윤상국,Kwon, Yul,Yoon, Sang-Guk 대한설비공학회 1999 설비공학 논문집 Vol.11 No.3

An experimental study of absorption phenomena of water vapor into LiBr solution was carried out to find out the optimum solution flow rate. The staggered bundle of horizontal absorption tubes, which are the same configuration as the commercial heat pump, were tested. The results showed that the heat transfer and absorption rate were enhanced with the increase of LiBr solution flow rate. Those values for different absorber pressures showed the same qualitative trends. The optimum flow rate of solution was obtained as three times of the designed flow rate.

우리나라 다자원조정책에 대한 비판적 고찰

권율(Kwon Yul) 국제개발협력학회 2010 국제개발협력연구 Vol.2 No.2

In general, multilateral ODA includes both assessed and voluntary un-earmarked contributions made to a recipient institution that is an international agency, institution or organisation whose members are governments. Korea s multilateral ODA in net disbursements increased from USD 121 million in 2003 to USD 236 million in 2009. Korea disbursed 28.9% of its aid through multilateral channels. Much of the increase was due to a large contribution and subscriptions to Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs). Korea s core contributions to UN amounted to USD 56 million in 2009. Recent internatinal trends indicate a decrease in the core multilateral funding of UN Funds and Programmes and an increase in funding to the Global Fund, while non-core funding is rarely implemented by Korean government. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MOFAT) is mainly reponsible for contributions to international organisations such as the UN, while the ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF) is in charge of subscriptions and contributions to MDBs The responsibility of Korea s multilateral ODA is also shared among relevant ministries and government agencies. According to the special review of Korea by OECD DAC, it is not unusual for the responsibility for multilateral aid to be split, the spread of funding across more than 20 different ministries is exceptional and could be addressed. At present, Korea has no single strategy document for its overall policy and engagement with multilaterals. In efforts to increase effective engagement with the multilaterals, Korea was an observer in the Multilateral Organisations Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN) from 2008. To optimize the synergy of bilateral and multilateral aid, Korea need to use the flexible implementation structures of international organsations and to increase non-core funding. Multilateral system must be strengthened to reduce significantly the number of organsations that are funded. Futher, it would be advisable that engagement is prioritised for multilateral institutions and multilateral partners should be carefully selected with a single strategy for its overall policy.

최근 동아시아 경제통합의 성과와 과제

권율 ( Yul Kwon ) 한국동남아학회 2005 동남아시아연구 Vol.15 No.2

동아시아의 교역 및 투자구조 분석 - 역내 경제통합에 주는 시사점 -

권율(Yul Kwon) 인하대학교 산업경제연구소 2005 경상논집 Vol.19 No.1

East Asian countries have seen remarkable economic growth over the past few decades, functionally increasing their interdependence by promoting foreign direct investment and trade liberalization in the region. East Asia, which has shown a dynamic growth pattern, has achieved condensed economic growth since the mid 1980s. It has become an important part of the world economy next to NAFTA and the EU. ASEAN Plus Three (APT), an economic entity organized with the 10 ASEAN member countries plus Korea, Japan and China, accounted for 19.0 percent of the total world GDP and 19.5 percent of total trade in 2004. Before the financial crisis, the high economic growth rates of the East Asian countries was based mainly on their sequential industrialization and the resultant intra regional spillover. Though East Asia experienced large economic setbacks from the financial crisis in 1997 to 1998, it began to recover in 1999 through decisive economic reform measures and restructuring of the industrial sector. The crisis created an opportunity to build a solid regional economy through various reform policies. The ASEAN+3 intra trade ratio was 31 percent in 1980 and 36 percent in 1999 but increased to 38 percent in 2004 because of the trend toward ASEAN economic integration and the rapid economic growth of China and ASEAN in the early 1990s. Although interdependence among East Asian countries has expanded, there has been no serious attempt to activate East Asian economic cooperation in terms of a formal economic integration similar to the EU or NAFTA. However, growing regionalism elsewhere has made it necessary for East Asia to focus more on securing common regional interests in the multilateral trading arena. This trend for East Asian economic integration is accelerating under the APT Framework. Although the deeper integration of an East Asian community is beneficial and desirable, it is essential to ensure a cohesive response to new challenges in the global economy when reaping the fruits of liberalization. To this end, economic cooperation must be broadened and deepened in East Asia in the future.

ASEAN-인도 자유무역지대 추진현황과 전망

권율 ( Yul Kwon ) 한국동남아학회 2006 동남아시아연구 Vol.16 No.2

< 기술논문 > 작은 체형의 여성 승객을 고려한 조수석 에어백의 설계 개선

권율(Yul Kwon),김권희(Kwonhee Kim),손창규(Changkyu Son),김형일(Hyungil Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

국제사회의 개발협력 역사와 평가

권율 ( Kwon Yul ) 한국외교협회 2021 외교 Vol.138 No.0

그동안 국제사회는 개도국에 대한 ODA를 공여하면서 시기별로 당면한 주요과제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 지원목표와 방향을 설정해 왔다. 역사적으로 ODA는 남북문제 해결을 위한 주요 수단으로서 식민지 관계의 청산과 전후 보상차원에서 시혜적으로 공여되기 시작하였지만, 저개발과 빈곤의 악순환으로 큰 성과를 거두지는 못하였다. UN 주도로 저개발국 지원에 대한 국제적 노력이 확대되면서 1970년대 중반부터 국제사회는 기본욕구충족(BHN)이라는 새로운 개발전략으로 전환하였다. 그러나 1980년대에 접어들면서 세계경제 침체와 개도국 외채누증문제로 경제불안정이 심화됨에 따라 IMF를 주도로 구조조정 프로그램이 확대되기 시작하였다. 1990년대 이후 세계화로 인한 글로벌 상호의존성이 심화되면서 무역, 투자, 금융 등 국가 간, 지역 간 교류가 급속히 확대됨에 따라 국제개발협력도 새로운 전환이 모색되기 시작하였다. 빈곤퇴치가 세계가 직면하고 있는 가장 긴급한 과제로 부상하면서 2000년 개최된 UN 밀레니엄 정상회의에서는 MDG가 채택되었다. 국제사회에서 밀레니엄 개발 목표 달성을 위한 ODA 규모가 다시 확대되고 효과적인 원조정책을 추진하기 위한 적극적인 노력을 기울였다. 부산 개발원조 총회를 계기로 개발협력의 효과성에 대한 논의는 개발이라는 목표를 달성하기 위해 보다 포괄적인 접근이 필요하다는 인식을 확대하게 되고, 국제사회는 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)를 통해 경제개발과 사회발전, 환경적 지속가능성을 포괄하는 통합프레임워크를 수립하게 되었다. 국제사회는 지속가능한 개발을 위해 사회개발과 경제개발, 환경이슈의 균형과 조화를 강조하고 있기 때문에 개발목표의 대상과 범위가 확대되고 개발재원 확보가 핵심 관건으로 부상하고 있다. 범정부적 정책 및 제도적 일관성을 확보하고 다양한 이해관계자의 파트너십 구축이 중요하고, 원조사업을 추진하는데 있어서 통합적인 성과관리를 통해 개발효과성를 제고하는데 보다 중점을 두어야 할 것이다. After World War II, international development cooperation began in earnest. The international community has tried to effectively contribute ODA to developing countries. Historically, ODA has been used as a major means of addressing the North-South problem. After the 1960s, international efforts to support underdeveloped countries began to expand under the leadership of the United Nations. In the mid-1970s, the international community shifted to a new development strategy called Basic Human-Need (BHN). However, in the 1980s, the IMF began to expand its restructuring loans as economic instability intensified due to the global economic downturn and accumulation of foreign debt in developing countries. Since the 1990s, global interdependence has intensified due to globalization, leading to economic liberalization and rapid expansion of exchanges between countries and regions, including trade, investment and finance, leading to a new paradigm shift. The MDGs was adopted at the 2000 UN Millennium Summit as poverty eradication emerged as the most pressing task facing the world. With the emphasis on the importance and necessity of ODA to achieve millennium development targets for poverty reduction and developing countries in the international community, efforts were made to expand ODA volume, strengthen global partnerships with developing countries, and promote aid effectiveness. With the fourth High Level Forum in Busan, discussions on the development effectiveness have expanded the perception that a more comprehensive approach is needed to achieve the sustainable development goals(SDGs), and the international community has established an integrated framework to cover socio-economic development and environmental issues for sustainable development. Since the international community emphasizes balance and harmony of social development, economic development, and environmental issues for sustainable development, the target and scope of development goals are expanding and securing development resources is emerging as a key issue. The focus should be on securing whole-governmental approach for policy coherence, establishing global partnerships with various stakeholders, and enhancing development effectiveness through results based management.

동아시아 개발협력의 성과와 과제

권율 ( Yul Kwon ) 서강대학교 동아연구소 2013 東亞 硏究 Vol.32 No.2

동아시아 지역통합논의가 확대되면서 역내 개발격차 완화를 위한 다양한 협력방안이 추진되고 있다. 최근 동아시아 역내 개발격차 완화에 실질적으로 기여할 수 있는 인프라 개발사업과 메콩강 유역개발 같은 지역개발사업에 한중일 3국은 경쟁적으로 ASEAN에 대한 지원을 늘이고 있지만 지역통합 차원에서 협력과 지원은 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 그동안 추진되었던 동아시아 개발협력의 주요 성과와 과제를 검토해 보고, 한중일 3국의 개발협력 우선순위와 적정 지원분야를 정량적으로 분석하여 동아시아 역내 리더십과 파트너십을 제고할 수 있는 정책방향과 적정 개발협력분야를 분석하였다. 주요 개발협력 부문별로 동남아 5개국의 필요성과 일본 및 중국의 공여역량 지수 분석을 통해 동남아 주요 협력대상국별로 부문별 개발 협력 우선순위를 비교해 보면, 한중일 3국 모두가 유사한 패턴을 보이고 있는데, 최적 개발협력분야로 선정된 경제하부구조, 고등교육·훈련, 보건 분야에서 상호 경합적으로 나타났다. 따라서 동아시아 지역차원에서는 개발협력사업의 기반을 강화하기 위한 한중일간의 협력이 중요한 시점이다. 앞으로 ASEAN과 전략적 파트너십을 강화하고, 지역차원의 성장기기반 확충과 역내 경제통합을 발전시켜 나가기 위해서는 역내 개발협력사업을 통합적으로 추진할 수 있는 동아시아 차원의 효과적인 지원체제를 구축해나가야 할 것이다. East Asian integration faces challenges regarding development, including income gaps, human development, and poverty eradication. There are movements to bolster efforts to achieve regional integration in Southeast Asia, with the goal of integrating the entire ASEAN community by 2015. There are also challenges most notably on the reduction in the development gap between Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV countries) and others in the ASEAN. An effective utilization of limited developmental finances requires a systematic and comprehensive approach to development cooperation in the region in order to raise the aid effectiveness. Accordingly, this study undertook a quantitative analysis of the developmental needs of East Asia, identifying areas with higher levels of need for development, and suggests measures for implementing programs for cooperation. This study is significant because it was able to identify the main areas for development cooperation by quantitatively analyzing the economic circumstances and development gaps in East Asia. It also revealed the inability of quantitative analysis to reflect the characteristics of each country and provide a detailed description of the developmental capacity of recipient countries in the region. The challenge for the future will include building a more systematic analytical model by factoring in analyses of donors` comparative advantages, which can contribute to the reduction in development gaps with respect to recipient countries in Southeast Asia.

동남아의 경제위기와 구조개혁: 금융부문의 구조조정을 중심으로

권율 ( Yul Kwon ) 한국동남아학회 2004 동남아시아연구 Vol.14 No.2