Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

Proportion And Characteristics Of Transient Nodules In A Retrospective Analysis Of Pulmonary Nodules

( Jin Yeong Yu ),( Su Young Chi ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( In Jae Oh ),( Kyu Sik Kim ),( Yu Il Kim1 ),( Sung Chul Lim ),( Song Choi ),( Yun Hyeon Kim ),( Young Chul Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

放射電磁波에 의한 絶緣診斷에 관한 硏究

김영훈,박원주,이동인,김충년,이광식 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1995 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.1

In this paper, the detect of insulation disorder and process degree of insulation degradation of power apparatus, the waveform of discharge current, magnitude of discharge and frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic wave radiated from partial discharge by simulating with needle-to-plane electrode geometry and dielectric with artificial void, were investigated. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) Streamer pulses occur near the positive cycle and trichel pulses near the peak of negative cycle of applied voltage. At that time, discharge magnitude of trichel pulses and streamer pulses was observed about 200[pC] and 500[pC] in air, respectively. 2) The level and frequency spectrum of radiated electromagnetic waves were increased about 20∼40[dB] at under 200[MHz] and about 2∼3[dB] above 200[MHz], compared with background noises. 3) A sudden change of discharge magnitute above 20∼30[pC] was observed with various applied voltages, but the magnitude showered to tend to saturate at 300∼300[pC] in dielectric. 4) The level and frequency spectrum of radiated electromagnetic waves were increased about 3∼6[dB] under 200[MHz]and about 2∼3[dB] above 200 [MHz], compared with background noises.

김치가 노화촉진쥐 간의 유리기 생성 및 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향

김종현,권명자,이소영,류재두,문갑순,최홍식,송영옥 부산대학교 김치연구소 2002 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 김치가 노화 억제에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 AIN-76마우스 식이에 배추, 갓김치, 갓배추김치를 각 동결건조 김치를 5%씩 첨가하여 만든 후 김치식이를 노화촉진쥐인 SAMP8에게 1년간 섭취시키면서 간의 노화관련 특성인 유리기 농도와 항산화효소계의 효소활성 변화를 살펴 보았다. 노화촉진쥐 간의 총유리기, OH radical, H_2O_2 그리고 TBARS모두 가령에 따라 증가되었으며, 간에서 생성된 유리기 농도와 TBARS 농도는 대조군에 비해 김치섭취시 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 생성된 유리기를 제거하기 위한 SOD활성은 오히려 김치섭취군에서 유의적으로 증가되었으며(p<0.05), catalase와 GSH-px, GSH/GSSG의 비율도 김치섭취군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 김치섭취는 노화에 따라 발생되는 간의 유리기 및 TBARS 생성은 억제시키면서, 이를 제거하는 항산화계 효소는 활성화시켜 노화를 억제한 것으로 생각된다. 김치종류 중에서는 배추김치보다 배추갓김치와 갓김치가 유리기 생성 억제 및 항산화 효소 활성을 더욱 증진시킨 것으로 관찰되어 이는 첨가된 갓의 항산화물질 때문인 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate the effect of kimchi intake on antiaging characteristics in the brain of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) in terms of free radical production and anti-oxidative enzymes. Two hundreds twenty SAM (20 mice) were divided into four groups and fed kimchi diet for 12 months. Experimental groups were kimchi free AIN-76 diet (control) group, Korean cabbage kimchi diet (KCK)group, 30% mustard leaf added Korean cabbage kimchi diet (MKCK) group, and mustard leaf kimchi diet (MLK) group. Concentrations of total free radical, OH radical and H_2O_2 of control group increased up to 123%, 262% and 174% of initial value (p<0.05) after one year. Increase in free radical production in kimchi groups due to aging was decreased by kimchi feeding. Among kimchi groups. MKCK and MLK groups showed greater inhibiting effect against free radical production than KCK. The concentration of TBARS in the bruin of control group also significantly increased up to 362% of initial value as aged (p<0.05) and production of TBARS in kimchi groups were decreased. When the activities of Cu, Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-px and catalase of kimchi groups were compared to those of control at the same experimental period, anti-oxidative enzyme activities of kimchi groups were lower than those of control (p<0.05). But GSH/GSSG in kimchi groups were higher compared to control. In conclusion, decrease in free radical production and increase in anti-oxidative enzyme activities were observed from kimchi groups suggesting that kimchi might have important role on retarding aging. Among kimchi variety tested in this experiment, MKCK and MLK seem to have greater effect on inhibiting free radical production and increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activities than KCK. Further study is needed to find out the mechanism of kimchi on retarding aging.

PDLC의 상 변환 특성

김영식,이영재,조무희 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Phase separated liquid crystal in PDLC(polymer dispersed liquid crystal) has a characteristic behavior of alignment by the external electric field. There are three kinds of methods for fabrication of PDLCs, PIPS(polymerization induced phase separation), TIPS(thermally induced phase separation),and SIPS(solvent induced phase separation). We have made PDLC samples by using the TIPS method and studied the characteristics of phase separation, We have used 5CB(K15), 8CB(K24), and 10CB(K30) as liquid crystal, and PMMA and PVEM as polymer. Phase separation characteristics according to the rate of temperature cooling were observed by a polarization microscope, and quantitatively measured by light scattering method.

네마틱 액정셀의 배향막 제조 및 특성

김영식,홍선주 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

LC alignment layers were fabricated by spin­coated polyimide films and the characteristics of nematic liquid crystal cells were measured. The 3rd harmonic beam(λ=355 nm) of the Nd:YAG laser was used for photo­alignment method, and the soft velvet was used for rubbing. Orientational order of the LC molecules was measured for various cells with different rubbing strength parameters. For small values of the parameter the orientational order is increasing and the threshold voltage is decreasing to the increased value of the parameter, and both of them are saturated over the limited value. The measured value of orientational order shows that the rubbing method is more efficient than the photo-alignment method.

김치가 노화촉진쥐 뇌의 유리기 생성 및 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향

김종현,류재두,이한기,박정희,문갑순,최홍식,송영옥 부산대학교 김치연구소 2002 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 김치가 노화와 직접적인 관련이 있는 유리기 생성 및 항산화 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 배추김치, 배추갓김치 그리고 갓김치를 식이중량의 5% 첨가하여 실험식이를 제조하여 이를 노화촉진쥐인 SAMP8에게 1년간 섭취시켰다. 총유리기, OH radical, H_2O_2농도 그리고 TBARS 농도 모두 가령에 따라 증가하였으며, 김치섭취시 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.05), 김치군에 있어서 생성된 유리기를 제거하기 위해 항산화계 효소인 SOD, catalase, GSH-px 그리고 GSH/GSSG는 모든 김치군에서 유의적으로 증가 하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 김치섭취는 먼저 가령에 의해 생성되는 유리기의 생성은 억제시키면서, 둘째 이를 제거하기 위한 항산화계 효소 활성은 더욱 활성화시키므로써 항노화 기능을 발휘한다고 생각된다. 김치종류 중에서는 배추갓김치와 갓김치가 배추김치보다 유리기 생성을 억제하고, 항산화계 활성을 증진시킨 것으로 보아 이들의 항노화 효과가 클것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate the effect of kimchi intake on antiaging characteristics in the brain of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) in terms of free radical production and anti-oxidative enzymes. Two hundreds twenty SAM (20 mice) were divided into four groups and fed kimchi diet for 12 months. Experimental groups were kimchi free AIN-76 diet (control) group, Korean cabbage kimchi diet (KCK)group, 30% mustard leaf added Korean cabbage kimchi diet (MKCK) group, and mustard leaf kimchi diet (MLK) group. Concentrations of total free radical, OH radical and H_2O_2 of control group increased up to 123%, 262% and 174% of initial value (p<0.05) after one year. Increase in free radical production in kimchi groups due to aging was decreased by kimchi feeding. Among kimchi groups. MKCK and MLK groups showed greater inhibiting effect against free radical production than KCK. The concentration of TBARS in the bruin of control group also significantly increased up to 362% of initial value as aged (p<0.05) and production of TBARS in kimchi groups were decreased. When the activities of Cu, Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-px and catalase of kimchi groups were compared to those of control at the same experimental period, anti-oxidative enzyme activities of kimchi groups were lower than those of control (p<0.05). But GSH/GSSG in kimchi groups were higher compared to control. In conclusion, decrease in free radical production and increase in anti-oxidative enzyme activities were observed from kimchi groups suggesting that kimchi might have important role on retarding aging. Among kimchi variety tested in this experiment, MKCK and MLK seem to have greater effect on inhibiting free radical production and increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activities than KCK.

유전체로 둘러싸인 속빈 직육면체 도파관을 사용한 레이저 공진기에서 횡특성모드의 왕복손실

金允溟,金永植,李鍾旿,徐七成,박재우 단국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The round-trip losses of CO_2 laser wavelength in a hollow rectangular dielectric waveguide with external spherical mirrors are calculated. The propagative attenuations of some higher order modes with different polarization are analyzed as well as EH_11 fundamental mode. Computations of the losses in coupling radiation of various modes from the guide into free space and back into the guide, as a function of mirror curvature and position, are also presented. The overall return losses of various modes are the sum of the two kinds of losses.

산성강하물이 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향 Ⅱ: 컬럼연구 및 현장조사

김영관,우경식 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.-

토양층과 모암층에서의 산성우에 대한 중화능력을 평가하기 위하여 인공강우를 이용한 컬럼실험을 실시하였으며 토양을 이루고 있는 모암 특성의 차이에 의한 산성강하물의 환충효과를 비교하기 위하여 연구지역내의 모암의 조성광물에 차이가 있는 두 개의 골짜기를 선정하고 골짜기에 흐르는 지표수의 pH를 1996년 5월부터 1996년 10월까지 측정하였다. 컬럼실험에서 사용한 인공강우는 증류수에 황산과 질산을 적절히 첨가하여 pH를 각각 3,4, 및 5로 조절하였으며 컬럼유출수의 주요 양이온과 음이온을 측정하였다. A층위와 B층위의 양이온 교환용량(CEC)은 각각 9.68 meq/100g과 6.16 meq/100g 이었으며 인공강우의 살포시 컬럼유출수의 pH는 중간층토양에서보다 양이온 교환용량이 큰 표층토양에서 더 크게 나타났다. 컬럼유출수에서의 Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Na^(+)의 합이 점차로 감소하여 지속적인 산성우는 토양의 양이온 교환용량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 현장조사결과에 따르면 골짜기의 하류로 내려옴에 따라 지표수의 pH는 계속 증가하여 하류로 흐르는 과정에서의 완충효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 완충효과는 모암의 조성광물중 kaolinite와 illite이외에도 smectite를 함유하고 있는 골짜기에서 더 크게 나타나는 것이 특징적이었다. 이 결과는 토양층 뿐만 아니라 모암이 산성우의 완충용량을 가지고 있음을 나타내었다. A column study using artificial acid rain was conducted to evaluate the buffering capacities in soil layer and host rock. In an effort to compare the effect of composition of host rock, two valleys of which compositions of host rock are different were chosen within the study area and the pHs of the water flowing in the valleys were measured from May, 1996 to October, 1996. The pHs of the artificial acid rain prepared by adding appropriate amounts of both sulfuric and nitric acids to distilled water were 3,4,and 5, and the column effluents were analyzed for major cations and anions. The cation exchange capacities(CECs) of A Horizon and the B Horizon were 9.68 and 6.16 meq/100g, respectively. Compared to the B Horizon, the pH in the column effluent of A Horizon with larder CEC was higher. The sums of Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+) and Na^(+) in the column effluents gradually decreased, indicating the loss of CEC by acid rain. The field study showed that pHs of the surface water in the valleys increased as the water flows downwards. The magnitude of this buffering capacity was greater for the valley in which smectite in addition to kaolinite and illite was a weathered product of host rocks. This also indicates that host rock as well as soil layer retains the buffering capacity.

일제시대의 검도에 대한 의미

김영학,이인희,허건식 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

An mentioned above, Korean Kumdo may be considered that Japanese Kendo as a sport has been introduced and popularized here. Some argue that a conservative way of thought due to the principle of Confucianism here interrupted a continuity of Korean Kumdo until the open-door period. But it is high probable that at that time Japanese Kendo has been already introduced and performed here to educate army or police without any difficulty. And it can not dendy that a continuity of Korean traditional Kumdo might be interruped long before the open-door period. A ter the Japanese annexation of Korea. the encouragement of military arts by the political intention of Japan played a remarkable role on the introduction of Japanese Kendo into Korea. and also Kendo was used to maintain public peace and order as a game of national defence, and the common here could not easily contact with Japanese Kendo. That is why then Kendo was started just for the Japanese for the purpose of fostering a Japanese sprit, used as a means to emphasize Japanese Imperial civilians as a colony policy. In the end, it is possible that them many civilians would experience Japanese Imperial civilian gymnastics.