『소년』의 과학

조형래 ( Hyung Rae Cho ) 국제한국문학문화학회 2009 사이 Vol.6 No.-

개항 이후 서구의 발달된 과학·기술 지식이 조선 내부에 대대적으로 유입되었지만 과학이라는 개념의 정립 및 그 실천과 관련하여 중대한 전환점이 되었던 것은 특히 1900년대 초반이었다. 특히 「소년」은 `과학`을 당시의 중요한 학지(學知)로서 취급하고 있었던 유력한 잡지 중 하나였다. 이것은 서구 사회의 고유한 전통과 문화를 반영하고 있는 특수한 학제이자 실천으로서의 사이언스의 번역어로서 카가쿠(科學)라는 말이 일본에 정착되고, 일본의 대학제도 내부에서 과학의 제반 학과가 설치되고 있었던 상황과 무관하지 않았다. 『소년』에서 주로 `이과`로 나타나고 있는 과학이란 무엇보다도 실험이라는 고유한 실천 및 진리생산 및 사실재현을 위한 정교한 글쓰기의 형식을 도입·정립했다고 할 수 있다. 그것은 당대의 조선인들로 하여금 자연과 세계의 객관적인 인식을 가능하도록 하는 기준을 제공했다. 뿐만 아니라 그것은 생물의 하위범주로서 인간을 자연 내부에 정위하는, 인간정신의 보편화에 관한 인식론적 전회와 관련되어 있다. 어떤 의미에서 과학이란 정의 만족과 관련된 1910년대 조선의 문학론의 탄생과 전혀 무관하지 않은 담론이었다. Since 1876, it had been an extensive flux of scientific and technical knowledge from the West into Cho-sun. But the important times for the establishment and revolution on that concepts in Korea was the early of 1900`s. Especially a word `과학` was treated as modern scholarship in So-nyun(the Young). This is a translation of very science that is the principle and practice of study represented historical traditions, experiences and cultures of the west And it was translated as Japanese Kagaku(科學) that introduced as study and education system into the society at that time. These were related with the beginning of modern science in Korea and with So-nyun first of all. In this children`s magazine it was mainly called a word `이과` that could make a particular practice of an experiment and a form of ecriture for production of truth and representation of experience. Also it offered to Korean some standardization for objective recognition of nature and world. Futhermore it considered a man to a part of nature, and then universalized human mental. This caused very important epistemological conversion about understanding nature and world. In a manner of speaking, science as episteme had concerned with discourses on the birth of literature as the satisfaction of sense in 1910`s Korea.

수직적으로 차별화된 시장 하에서 망외부성이 미치는 영향에 대한 동태적 분석

조형래,이민호,Cho, Hyung-Rae,Rhee, Minho 한국산업경영시스템학회 2019 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.

전문병원의 서비스특성이 서비스관계품질을 매개로 서비스성과에 미치는 영향

조형래,최철재,Cho, Hyoungrae,Choi, Chul-Jae 한국병원경영학회 2017 병원경영학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study explains how service characteristics such as service competence, service customization, interpersonal communication and image affect service trust and affective commitments and how service trust, affective commitment play a role in affecting risk-taking and service loyalty in specialty hospital. and then confirm the mediating role of relationship quality components such as service trust and affective commitment in the above path relation. For this purpose, the research hypothesis was verified by structural equation model analysis(SEM) using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical package. The results of the study are as follows. First, interpersonal communication influenced service trust, image influenced affective commitment, service ability influenced service trust and emotional commitment, while service customization did not affect any factor. Second, service trust and affective commitment did not effect each other. Third, service trust and affective commitment were more powerful in risk-taking than the influence on service loyalty. Fourth, Risk takings affected service loyalty. Therefore, marketers of special hospitals not only medical services by providing medical service with superior service ability, but also by always strengthening interpersonal communication at the time of providing services. This will enable consumers to overcome the avoidance in the service decision process and implement a specific service marketing strategy that can continuously use the hospital service.

소아에서 발생한 전거비 인대 거골 부착부 견열 골절(1예 보고)

조형래,황태혁,왕태현,김근영,Cho, Hyung-Lae,Hwang, Tae-Hyok,Wang, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Keun-Young 대한족부족관절학회 2011 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Inversion injury of the lateral ankle ligaments is very common. Few studies, however, have focused on avulsion fracture of the lateral ankle ligaments. A fracture producing a small fragment usually avulsed from lateral malleolus and may be easily misdiagnosed as a sprain because the fragment is superimposed on the lateral malleolus and goes undetected on early radiographs, especially in skeletally immature patients. We present a case of isolated avulsion fracture of the talar attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament in 13-year-old male patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and avulsed fragment was fixed to original talar footprint with suture anchors. A high level of suspicion must be maintained to obtain an accurate diagnosis of avulsion fracture in inversion ankle injury because of the high incidence in children and to prevent recurrent instability.

Dynamic Analysis of the Effect of Network Externality in Vertically Differentiated Market Hyung-Rae Cho․Minho Rhee † Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering/ERI, Gyeongsang National University

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho):이민호(Minho Rhee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2019 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.

소아기 결절성 경화증에 대한 임상적 고찰

조형래(Hyung Rae Cho),송승민(Seung Min Song),염미선(Mi Sun Yum),이은혜(Eun Hye Lee),정민희(Min Hee Jeong),유한욱(Han Wook Yoo),고태성(Tae Sung Ko) 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적:연령에 따라 다양한 임상 양상을 보이는 것으로 알려진 결절성 경화증 환자들의 임상 양상을 분석하므로 각 임상 특징들의 빈도와 연령에 따른 각 임상 특징들의 유병율과 병원을 찾게 되는 이유들을 조사함으로써 임상의들이 결절성 경화증 환자들의 조기 진단, 치료에 도움을 줄 수 있는 정보를 얻고자 하는 목적에서 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:1991년 4월부터 2008년 8월까지 서울아산병원에서 임상적 특징에 따른 진단 기준 또는 유전자 검사에 의해 결절성 경화증으로 진단된 74명의 소아 환자들의 임상 양상을 의무기록의 후향적 분석을 통해 진단 기준 및 주요 임상 증상에 따라 분석하였다. 결과:본 연구에서 환자들의 진단 시 평균 나이는 3.2세로 경련 발작과 심장의 횡문근종, 피부 병변이 병원을 찾게 되는 가장 흔한 이유였다. 특징적으로 신생아기에서는 산전 진찰에서 발견된 심장 횡문근종이 진단에 중요한 역할을 했다. 뇌의 겉질 및 겉질하결절, 경막하 결절 등으로 대표되는 뇌 병변은 검사자의 93%에서 발견되어 높은 민감도를 보여 주었으며, 전체 환자의 82%인 61명이 관찰 기간 동안 1회 이상의 경련 발작을 경험하였고 그 중 51명은 간질로 진단되었고 28명에서 영아 연축이 관찰되었다. 평가가 시행된 환아의 61.5%인 32명에서 정신 지체가 관찰되었다. 13명에서 유전자 검사가 시행 되어 TSC1 유전자 변이가 2명, TSC2 유전자 변이 7명이 관찰되었다. 결론:결절성 경화증 환자들에게서의 경련 발작의 높은 발생율과 신경 발달 지연과의 관련성을 고려할 때, 향후 적극적인 검사를 통한 결절성 경화증 및 간질의 조기 진단 및 치료는 향후 결절성 경화증 환자들에게 좋은 예후를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Purpose:The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of presentation and progress of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and the prevelance of items in diagrnostic criteria of TSC in the pediatric population group. Methods:We reviewed 74 patients diagnosed with TSC by clinical diagnostic criteria, who visited Asan Medical Center from April, 1991 to August, 2008. Results:Forty-four males and 30 females were enrolled with 2.3 years(0 days-15.4 years) of mean age at the diagnosis. Mean follow-up period was 3.2(0-12.6) years. Remarkable initial symptoms or signs at the first hospital visit were seizure(n=48, 64.9%), cardiac rhabdomyoma(n=15, 20.2%) and skin lesions(n=7, 9.5%). Seven of 74 patients(9.5%) had familial history of TSC. Seventy-one patients(95.9%) showed one or more brain lesions on the neuroimaging studies, including cortical tubers(n=69, 93.2%), subependymal nodules(n=71, 95.9%), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas(SEGA, n=5, 6.8%). Retinal astrocytic hamartomas were confirmed in 14 patients and suspicious in 4 patients. Skin lesions were detected in 58 patients(78%). Sixty-one patients(82%) had experienced one or more seizures and 58 were confirmed as epilepsy. Twenty-eight patients(38%) had experienced infantile spasm. Thirty-two of 52 patients evaluated(61.5%) had mental retardation. Gene studies were done in 13 patients and revealed two TSC1 gene mutations and seven TSC2 gene mutations. Conclusion:Seizure attacks and skin lesions were two most common causes to visit hospital in pediatric TSC patients. Considering the high incidence of epilepsy and its correlation with poor neurodevelopemental outcome, early diagnosis and adequate treatment will lead to the better quality of life.

저속 주파수 도약 시스템에서 pretune을 이용한 주파수 합성기의 실현

조형래(Hyoung-Rae Cho),강경원(Kyeong-Won Kang),이대희(Dae-Hee Lee) 대한전자공학회 1984 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1984 No.11

오프라인 소매점의 모바일 할인 서비스에 대한 전략적 분석

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho),이민호(Minho Rhee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2016 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.39 No.3

The proliferation of the Internet and related technologies has led to a new form of distribution channels, namely online retailers. The conventional offline and the new online retailers have different transaction costs perceived by the consumers in the following perspectives: the accessibility to the product information, the traffic cost and the opportunity cost for the time to visit the store, the delivery time and the possibility of ‘touch and feel’ to test the quality of the product. In particular, the online retailers have lower distribution cost structure in that they do not have physical stores, which results in lower selling price. Thus they continuously offer price competition against offline retailers using the lower selling cost as competitive weapon. Moreover the emergence of the social commerce is likely to intensify the competition between the online and offline retailers. To survive in this fierce competition, the offline retailers are trying to defend their business interests by sticking to offline transaction in anticipation of increased customer loyalty, customer’s preference for ‘touch and feel’ style shopping, and others. Despite of these efforts, customers who touch and feel a product in an offline store but purchase the product through an online retailer are increasing. To protect such customers, recently, some of the offline retailers began to provide the mobile discount service (MDS) which enables the offline customers to purchase a product at a discounted price through the mobile applications. In business competitions, the price discount strategy is usually considered to secure more market share at the cost of lower profit. In this study, however, we analyze the effect of MDS as a weapon for securing more profit. To do this, we set up a game model between the online and offline retailers which incorporates the effect of the MDS. By numerically analyzing the Nash equilibrium of the game, some managerial implications for using the MDS for more profit are discussed.

Online과 Offline 마케팅 채널 간의 가격경쟁 및 효율성 통제전략 분석

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho),류정섭(Jung-Sub Yu),차춘남(Chun-Nam Cha),임상규(Sang-Kyu Lim) 대한산업공학회 2001 대한산업공학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Effect of Network Externality on the Price Competition in Vertically Differentiated Market

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho),이민호(Minho Rhee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2021 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.44 No.1

The information products dramatically reduce the production costs of vertically differentiated products. Information products are also more likely to be affected by network externalities. Thus the proliferation of digital products is increasing the interests in network externality and vertical product differentiation. In step with this trend, the impact of network externalities on price competition in vertically differentiated markets has been continuously studied. Existing studies related to this topic have assumed that network externalities increase consumers willingness to pay per unit quality. The results show that higher quality products are affected more by network externality. However, network externality is essentially a concept affected by the size of the consumer, not a concept associated with quality. In this work, unlike previous studies, we present a new market model that reflects the essential definition of network externality. Based on the proposed market model, we derive both simultaneous and sequential Nash equilibria and analyze them numerically. The main results obtained from the analysis can be summarized as follows. First, network externalities primarily increase the demand for low-quality products and have a secondary impact on the demand for high-quality products. Second, the larger the quality difference between products, the more profitable they are. It also has been shown that sequential pricing methods are more advantageous in terms of revenue than simultaneous pricing method.