염화벤지코늄과 구연산을 주성분으로 하는 살균 소독제 라미아-킬에 대한 급성경구독성 및 피부자극성 시험에 관한 연구

차춘남,이여은,손송이,유창열,박은기,최현주,김석,이후장,Cha, Chun-Nam,Lee, Yeo-Eun,Son, Song-Ee,Yoo, Chang-Yeol,Park, Eun-Kee,Choi, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2011 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.26 No.4

살균소독제, 라미아-킬(benzalkonium chloride(20%), citric acid(20%))에 대하여 랫드와 토끼를 이용하여 급성경구독 성과 피부 자극성 평가를 각각 수행하였다. 랫드에 라미아-킬 2,000 mg/kg 농도를 최고농도로 하여 단회 투여 후, 14일간 관찰한 결과, 사망, 이상증상 및 체 중변화 등은 관찰되지 않아, 라미아-킬의 $LD_{50}$은 2,000 mg/kg 이상으로 추정되었다. 토끼의 등 부위의 털을 제거하고 찰과부위와 비찰과 부위에 여러 농도로 라미아-킬을 도포 한 후, 피부 자극성을 확인한 결과, 라미아-킬의 l차 자극 지수가 0.50으로 비자극성 물질로 분류되었다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여, 라미아-킬은 급성경구독성 시 안전한 물질이며, 피부 자극성을 야기하지 않는 물질로 평가되었다. This test was performed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and skin irritation of Lamia-Kill$^{(R)}$, disinfectant, containing 20% benzalkonium chloride and 10% citric acid. In acute oral toxicity, Lamia-Kill$^{(R)}$ was orally administered at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500, 250 and 0 mg/kg body weight. After single oral administration to both sexes of SD rats, the rats were observed for 14 days. In primary skin irritation test, New Zealand white rabbits were dermally treated with Lamia-Kill$^{(R)}$ for 24 hr and observed for 3 days. All rats treated with Lamia-Kill$^{(R)}$ were induced no toxic signs in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. Also, the disinfectant did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites for the most part rabbits, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema on 24 hr after topical application. With the results of this study, Lamia-Kill$^{(R)}$ have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in SD rats and was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on the score 0.50 of primary irritation index.

경남지역에서 유방염 젖소로부터 분리한 포도상구균에 대한 세팔렉신과 겐타마이신 합제의 항균상승효과

차춘남,유창열,박은기,손송이,김석,이후장,Cha, Chun-Nam,Yoo, Chang-Yeol,Park, Eun-Kee,Son, Song-Ee,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국동물위생학회 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.3

This study was investigated the synergistic effects from the combination of cefalexin and gentamicin (CCG) against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index were determined for 16 bacteria from 13 bovine farms in Gyeongsangnam province by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution procedure. Antimicrobial agents tested included cefalexin, gentamicin and CCG. Against Staphylococcus spp. tested, the MIC ranges of cefalexin, gentamicin and CCG were 0.25~1.0, 0.5~0.125 and $0.06{\sim}0.125{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the FIC index ranges of CCG against most of the isolates was 0.28~0.43 and the FIC index of CCG against 2 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) was 0.59. In conclusion, CCG has a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus isolates, then the combination may be applied for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

훈증소독제, Fumagari OPP^®의 Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 살균효과

차춘남,박은기,최현주,김용팔,유창열,김석,이후장,Cha, Chun-Nam,Park, Eun-Kee,Choi, Hyunju,Kim, Yongpal,Yoo, Chang-Yeol,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2013 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$, fumigation disinfectant, containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against S. aureus was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. S. aureus working culture suspension number (N value), all of the colony numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial test suspentions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial test suspentions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. aureus exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacteria in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $3.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL. In the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 6.43 logCFU/mL. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective bactericidal fumigant should be over than 5 logCFU/mL. The results indicated that Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$ had an effective bactericidal activity against S. aureus, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. 본 연구는 20% ortho-phenylphenol을 함유한 훈증소독제, Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$의 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)에 대한 살균효과를 평가하기 위해, French standard NF T 72-281에 따라 수행하였다. 배양 현탁액 중 S. aureus의 균수 (N 값), 훈증소독제에 노출된 각 담체의 균수 (n1, n2, n3), 평판배지법에 의한 시험균주 현탁액 중 균수 (N1), 여과법에 의한 시험균주 현탁액 중 균수 (N2), 그리고 대조담체의 회복 균수의 평균값 (T 값)을 예비실험을 통해 구하였다. 또한, 훈증소독제에 노출된 S. aureus의 감소 균수 (d 값)는, T 값, 회복액 중 균수의 평균값 (n'1) 그리고 배지의 담체에서 증식한 균수의 평균값 (n'2) 등을 이용하여 산출하였다. N 값은 $4.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL이었으며, n1, n2, n3은 각각 0.5N1, 0.5N2, 0.5N1 보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 T값은 $3.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과에 있어서, d 값은 6.43 logCFU/mL이었다. 훈증소독제에 대한 프랑스 기준에 따르면, 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 훈증소독제의 d 값이 5 logCFU/mL 이상이어야 하는 것으로 규정하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$는 S. aureus에 대해 높은 살균효과를 갖는 것으로 나타나, 병원성 세균으로 오염된 식품재료와 주방기기의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Ortho-phenylphenol을 주성분을 하는 훈증소독제의 Clostridium perfringens 아포에 대한 살아포 효과

차춘남,조유영,이후장,Cha, Chun-Nam,Cho, Youyoung,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2014 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study was performed to evaluate the sporicidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) spores. In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against C. perfringens spores was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. C. perfringens spores working culture suspension number (N value), all the spore numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacterial spore recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of C. perfringens spores exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacterial spore in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacterial spore on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.3{\times}10^7spores/mL$, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $4.9{\times}10^5spores/carrier$. In the sporicidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 4.52log reduction. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective sporicidal fumigant should be over than 3log reduction. The results indicated that Fumagari $OPP^{(R)}$ had an efficient sporicidal activity against spores of C. perfringens, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with bacterial spores. 본 연구는 20% ortho-phenylphenol을 함유한 훈증소독제, Fumagari $OPP^{(R)}$의 Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) 아포에 대한 살아포 효과를 평가하기 위해, French standard NF T 72-281에 따라 수행하였다. 배양 현탁액 중 C. perfringens의 아포수(N 값), 훈증소독제에 노출된 각 담체의 아포수(n1, n2, n3), 평판배지법에 의한 시험 아포 현탁액 중 아포수(N1), 여과법에 의한 시험 아포 현탁액 중 아포수(N2), 그리고 대조 담체의 회복 아포의 평균값(T 값)을 예비실험을 통해 구하였다. 또한, 훈증소독제에 노출된 C. perfringens의 감소 아포수(d 값)는, T 값, 회복액 중 아포수의 평균값(n'1) 그리고 배지의 담체에서 증식한 아포수의 평균값(n'2) 등을 이용하여 산출하였다. N 값은 $4.4{\times}10^7spores/mL$이었으며, n1, n2, n3은 각각 0.5N1, 0.5N2, 0.5N1 보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 T 값은 $4.9{\times}10^5spores/carrier$이었다. 훈증소독제의 살아포 효과에 있어서, d 값은 4.52 이었다. 훈증소독제에 대한 프랑스 기준에 따르면, 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 훈증소독제의 d 값이 3 이상이어야 하는 것으로 규정하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, Fumagari $OPP^{(R)}$는 C. perfringens 아포에 대해 높은 살아포 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타나, 병원성 세균의 아포로 오염된 식품재료와 주방기기의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

LC-MS/MS를 이용한 우유 중 덱사메타손의 잔류 분석법 개발

차춘남,박은기,유창열,이성중,손송이,김석,이후장,Cha, Chun-Nam,Park, Eun-Kee,Yoo, Chang-Yeul,Lee, Sung Joong,Son, Song-Ee,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang 한국식품위생안전성학회 2017 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.32 No.5

본 연구는 우유 중에서 덱사메타손을 효과적으로 정량분석하기 위한 LC-MS/MS법을 확립하고 이를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 확립된 LC-MS/MS에 대해 특이성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확도 및 정밀도에 대한 검증을 통하여 유효성을 확인하였다. 표준용액을 이용하여 검량성을 작성한 결과, $r^2$ > 0.999 이상의 직선성을 확인하였고, 덱사메타손에 대한 검출한계와 정량한계는 각각 0.15와 0.5 ng/mL이었다. 또한, 회수율은 98.9-109.6%로 나타났으며, 상대표준편차는 1.7-4.4%로 나타나 정확성이 우수하였으며, 이는 식품의약품안전처의 잔류동물용의약품 분석법에서 제시한 기준에 모두 적합한 수준이었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 개발된 LC-MS/MS법은 향후 우유 중 덱사메타손을 분석하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. An analytical method for the determination of dexamethasone (DM) in bovine milk samples was developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Milk samples were extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction based on acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse phase $C_{18}$ column with gradient elution using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in 95% acetonitrile. The procedure was validated according to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guideline determining accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Mean recoveries of DM from spiked milk samples (25, 125, and 1,250 ng/mL) were 98.9-109.6%, and the relative standard deviation was between 1.7 and 4.4%. Linearity in concentration range of 12.5-1,250 ng/mL was obtained with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of 0.9997. LOD and LOQ for the investigated DM were 0.15 and 0.5 ng/mL depending on milk samples, respectively. This method was reliable, sensitive, economical and suitable for routine monitoring of DM residues in bovine milk.

Ortho-phenylphenol을 주성분으로 하는 훈증소독제의 돼지열병바이러스와 돼지생식기호흡기증후군바이러스에 대한 살바이러스 효과

차춘남 ( Chun Nam Cha ),박은기 ( Eun Kee Park ),정지윤 ( Ji Youn Jung ),유창열 ( Chang Yeul Yoo ),김석 ( Suk Kim ),이후장 ( Hu Jang Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2016 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

In this study, the virucidal efficacy of a fumigant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was examined. After each carrier deposited with CSFV and PRRSV suspensions was exposed to the fumigant in a 25-m3 test room for 15 h, all carriers were neutralized and diluted, and each diluted suspension was inoculated into each proper cell line. After incubation, CSFV and PRRSV viability in each cell line was examined and 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL was calculated. In the results, the concentration of viable virus in all of pathogen control-carriers was more than 2×105 TCID50/mL, and there were no cytotoxicity in all of toxicity control-carriers. In addition, the fumigant inactivated ≥4.8 log10(TCID50/mL) of both CSFV and PRRSV. These findings will be useful for preventing the spread of CSFV and PRRSV infection.

제품자료 객체를 이용한 설계자 네트워크 분석

차춘남(Chun-Nam Cha),도남철(Namchul Do) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2016 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.39 No.3

This study proposes a methodology to analyse social networks among participating design engineers during product development projects. The proposed methodology enables product development managers or the participating design engineers to make a proper decision on product development considering the performance of participating design engineers. It considers a product development environment where an integrated product data management (PDM) system manages the product development data and associated product development processes consistently in its database, and all the design engineers share the product development data in the PDM database for their activities in the product development project. It provides a novel approach to build social networks among design engineers from an operational product development data in the PDM database without surveys or monitoring participating engineers. It automatically generates social networks among the design engineers from the product data and relationships specified by the participants during the design activities. It allows analysts to gather operational data for their analysis without additional efforts for understanding complex and unstructured product development processes. This study also provides a set of measures to evaluate the social networks. It will show the role and efficiency of each design engineers in the social network. To show the feasibility of the approach, it suggests an architecture of social network analysis (SNA) system and implemented it with a research-purpose PDM system and R, a statistical software system. A product configuration management process with synthetical example data is applied to the SNA system and it shows that the approach enables analysts to evaluate current position of design engineers in their social networks.

Hub-spokes형 집중국망 운영에 따른 우편물 구분작업 인력절감 효과 분석

임상규(Sang-Gyu Lim),차춘남(Chun-Nam Cha) 한국SCM학회 2007 한국SCM학회지 Vol.7 No.2

RAW 264.7세포에 감염시킨 Salmonella gallinarum에 대한 나트륨염 복합조성물의 항균효과

임정주 ( Jeong Ju Lim ),차춘남 ( Chun Nam Cha ),김대근 ( Dae Geun Kim ),이진주 ( Jin Ju Lee ),이여은 ( Yeo Eun Lee ),손송이 ( Song Ee Son ),김석 ( Suk Kim ),이후장 ( Hu Jang Lee ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2011 예방수의학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The present study was investigated the antibacterial effect of several sodium salts and the sodium salt mixture composed with sodium chlorate, sodium azide and sodium cyanide on Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) infection in murine derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In the infection assay of S. gallinarum in macrophage cells pretreated with 15 mM sodium chlorate, 0.3 mM sodium cyanide, 0.3 mM sodium azide and the sodium salt mixture (15 mM sodium chlorate, 0.3 mM sodium cyanide, 0.3 mM sodium azide), respectively, the numbers of S. gallinarum in all treated-groups tended to decrease in the process of time after treatment, but the group treated with sodium cyanide was no significant difference compared with control. After 24 hours of treatment, the number of S. gallinarum in sodium azide (p<0.05), sodium chlorate (p<0.001) and the sodium salt mixture (p<0.001) treated-group was significantly decreased compared with control, and that in the sodium salt mixture treated-group was decreased the higher than all groups. The results of this study demonstrated that the sodium salt mixture composed with sodium chlorate, sodium azide and sodium cyanide, has the antimicrobial activity for S. gallinarum and may be beneficial on the control of intracellular pathogens.

Beer 유통 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용한 정보/물류시스템 개선이 공급체인의 성능에 미치는 효과 분석

임상규(Sanggyu Lim),차춘남(Chun Nam Cha),김종현(Chong Hyung Kim) 한국SCM학회 2001 한국SCM학회지 Vol.1 No.1