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정애란 한국중국문화학회 2010 中國學論叢 Vol.29 No.-
生育是賦予一個人生命的開始, 也是生命禮俗中第一個重大的關口. 因此生育一直為人重 視. 經由生育, 不但能夠衍後代子孫 使人類得以綿延不绝. 祈求後代繁衍的子孫觀念 溯其淵源至少可推至商周時代. 雖然生育信仰是世界性的文化現象 但是中國生育信仰的繁雜, 歷史之悠久. 中國古代生育神,是司婚配,生育而體現氏族繁衍職能的神. 所以我們可以認爲先秦代仲春祭祀生育神祈求和仲春「會男女」婚配風俗,是以生育神崇拜爲背景的. 對於這些民間信仰,在不少的古籍資料上都有記載. 事實上,古代春天祭祀上祀節日的宗敎儀式都成爲男女野合的機會,他表現了男女在戀愛,婚配的時期,而且對媒神繁衍種族職能的信仰. 因此造成了當時的社會風氣. 尤其西周春秋時期流傳著周族祖先后稷的故事,也保存了周代民俗上的一些眞實材料,其中原始宗敎的「生育信仰」就是一個重要的內容.自古以來,涉及到「高禖」祭祀都以祭祀求子嗣作爲解釋.後世學者也有涉及有關這些禮俗的具體情況,但是其背景和起源還沒弄淸楚.一般來說,祈子嗣和會男女婚配是在性質上相關相近的兩件事,而且同在仲春之日,因此淵源於人類的生育神崇拜.根據文獻資料記載古代民間婚姻節男女婚配的風俗,凡爲男女都得在仲春通過集體聚會自相擇偶成姻,而且在這時不禁私奔.由此可見氏族時代婚俗的殘餘反映,而周代仲春會男女是以生育神崇拜爲背景的.因此古人將「高禖」解釋爲周族的始祖母姜原,或更早的殷商的始族母簡狄,這是一方面說明母系氏族制在商周社會的遺存,另一方面生育崇拜爲原始宗敎現象的社會背景,同時可以了解當時婦女在宗敎上擔任的角色甚爲重要.在這裡探討了商周婦女宗敎活動有關生育神崇拜的遺俗及其具體情形,於是可證明了當時生育神就是氏族司婚配,求子的生育神以及仲春天的上巳節,這都是集體會男女的節日.從此觀之,祭祀生育神的結果形成了一種宗敎信仰儀式的禮俗.
혈액투석 환자의 EPO 투여가 주관적 변화와 일상생활 수행정도, 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
정애란,김현리 충남대학교 간호과학연구소 1999 충남대 간호학술지 Vol.2 No.1
This study was performed to investigate the effects of Epo medication effect on subjective changes, ADL, and QOL in the process of treatment for chronic renal failure patients. The total of 62 CRF patients who are receiving hemodialysis with EPO medication participated in the study. The data collection period was from July, 2, 1998 to August 14, 1998. The survey data were analyzed utilizing SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. The most frequent underlying disease that required EPO medication for chronic renal failure (CRF) patients was Diabetes Mellitus (32.3%). The values of Hb and Hct were proportionally increased according to the dosage of EPO medication. 2. The mean of ADL score was 4.29 representing relatively high independence of the subjects, and the lowest scored item was “Doing the housework” (M = 3.72). 3. The Subjective physical changes while receiving Epo medication were assessed by 17 items. The CRF patients reported the item of “I have better appetite” as the most improved one (M = 3.93), while the item of “I have better sexual need” was reported with a relatively lower mean score 2.36. The reported QOL mean score for CRF patients with Epo medication in this study was lower than that of previous research results. 4. The mean scores of QOL (t = -2.97, D = 0.0043) and ADL (t = -3.57, p = 0.0007) for the CRF patients with Diabetes Mellitus were lower compare to the patients with other causal diseases. 5. There was positive correlation between the ADL and QOL scores (r = 0.34, p = 0.005). 6. The values of Hct(t = -3.59, p= 0.0002) as well as Hb(t = -4.31, p = 0.0001) were significantly increased in one month after Epo medication.