영어 발음의 정확성(accuracy)과 유창성(fluency) 구분에 대하여

안현기 서울대학교 2008 외국어교육연구 Vol.11 No.-

Since the introduction of the 6th National Curriculum, English pronunciation teaching in Korea has geared toward fluency, less focusing on accuracy. Since then the two technical terms, accuracy and fluency, have been widely used in the EFL literature in Korea, but in a rather confusing way. This paper is an endeavor to clarify these two concepts in terms of the viewpoints of Phonetics and English Education. From the phonetic standpoint, I argued that accuracy is more closely related to 'clear speech,' whereas fluency is applicable to either 'clear speech' or 'casual speech'. I also suggested two methods for the evaluation of English speaking fluency: one is the evaluation of weak form pronunciation: the other, sentence stresses. From a viewpoint of English Education, I reviewed some relevant literature and found that (1) accuracy and fluency are related to language usage and language use, respectively; (2) accuracy and fluency have been used as terms applicable to all four language skills in language learning, rather than speaking skill only: (3) a definition of fluency needs to be modified for its flexible use in ESL/EFL classroom setting; (4) a number of recent textbooks on pronunciation teaching include lots of useful fluency enhancing practices. As a conclusion, I summed up afore-mentioned discussions and presented some suggestions for the National Curriculum in the future.

한국고등학생의 영어음소인식능력과 영어청해능력의 상관관계 연구*

안현기 한국외국어교육학회 2009 Foreign languages education Vol.16 No.2

This study investigated the relationship between phonemic awareness ability and performance in English listening comprehension. For the purpose of this research, two tests―a specially designed phonemic awareness test and an English L/C test―were used and a total of 268 high school students (132 males and 136 females) participated in this experiment. The statistical result clearly demonstrated that the ability to identify English phonemes was highly correlated with the English listening ability. It was also shown that there was a significant correlation between the two factors in a group of students showing a high level of L/C ability, whereas no significant correlation for the students with a low level of L/C ability. In addition, no major difference in the correlation was found between the male and female students.

광 전달망에서 계획 연결 요구의 시간적 비공유경로를 이요한 RWA

안현기,이태진,정민영,추현승 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.11

저해음의 비음화 : 음운론 및 음성학적 접근 Its Phonology and Phonetics

안현기,권순석,김기열 대한언어학회 2000 언어학 Vol.8 No.1

Ahn, Hyunkee, Soon-Suk Kwon, and Ki-Yeol Kim. 2000. Obstruent Nasalization: Its Phonology and Phonetics. Linguistics 8-1, 27-38. This paper discusses a Korean phonological rule, Obstruent Nasalization--i.e., an obstruent is phonologically nasalized when followed by a nasal. As is well known, this rule is productively prevalent in Korean, but not in English. Within the Optimality Theoretic framework, the difference in this phonological pattern between the two languages is well captured by means of adjusting the dominance relationship between two constraints (markedness and faithfulness constraints). This constraint-based explanation, however, doesn't suffice our question of why the phenomenon is phonetically natural in Korean, but cross-linguistically rare. To this question, we will provide one possible answer by suggesting that the markedness constraint is phonetically oriented due to a phonetic constraint on laryngeal feature juxtapositions. (Kyung Hee University)

국제상거래에서 금전채무 불이행에 따른 이자율 계산에 관한 연구

안현기,이병문 한국무역보험학회 2021 무역금융보험연구 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose : The interest rate calculation in accordance with Article 78 of the CISG will be reviewed and examined in detail, and the difference in interest rate calculation between each norm will be narrowed by comparing the provisions related to the interest rate due to default of the debtor under the PICC and CESL with the relevant regulations under the CISG. It is expected that it will be helpful in understanding the relevant regulations by presenting legal and practical implications for the problems arising from controversies in interpretation and deficiencies in the CISG's regulations related to interest claim rights. Research design, data, methodology : This paper reviews the contents of scholars' research and precedents related to the interest calculation rate, and applies the Black Letter Rule, the opinion presented by the CISG Advisory Committee, which has been discussed so far, Principles of International Commercial Contract (PICC), and the regulations of the Common European Sales Law (CESL). By conducting comparative studies, the differences in the relevant provisions of the Conventions were studied. Results : This paper narrows the differences in interest rate calculations between the norms, It is expected to help the understanding of related regulations by presenting legal and practical implications for problems arising from controversies in interpretation and deficiencies in the CISG's regulations related to the right to claim interest. Conclusions : This may lead to a loss of the will to suppress default, which is the purpose of interest, or to resolve the debt more quickly in the course of litigation or arbitration. Accordingly, if the creditor wants to prevent default in advance and expedite the progress of litigation or arbitration in the event of a financial default, the parties to the transaction are required to prepare a contract for the calculation of the interest rate due to default in the case of bank loans in the creditor’s country. It is also considered necessary to consider a way to explicitly regulate the interest rate (CESL Article 168) added to the interest rate (the opinion of the CISG Advisory Committee). 본 연구는 국제상거래에서 자주 발생되는 국제대금지급의 연체에 따른 이자발생과 관련하여 국제물품매매계약에 관한 UN협약(United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods; CISG), 국제상사계약원칙(Principle of International Commercial Contract; PICC), 보통유럽매매법(Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliment and of the Council on a Common European Sales Law; CESL)을 중심으로 고찰한다. 그 주요 내용으로는 CISG 제78조에 따른 이자율 계산을 상세히 고찰, 살펴보고 이를 정의하기 위한 다양한 규칙과 접근법을 살펴보도록 한다. 이와 더불어 PICC 및 CESL상 채무자의 금전채무불이행에 따른 이자율 관련 규정을 CISG상 관련 규정과 상호비교를 시도한다. 이를 통해 각 규범들 간 이자율 계산에 있어서의 차이점을 좁히고, CISG의 이자청구권과 관련한 규정의 미비사항과 해석상의 논란으로 발생하는 문제에 대한 법적 내지 실무적 시사점을 제시함으로 관련 규정을 이해하는 데 조금이나마 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.

모국어 음절구조로 인한 영어 자음군 습득 제약 : 한국 중학생의 발화를 중심으로

안현기 서울대학교 2009 외국어교육연구 Vol.12 No.-

This paper investigated the effects of Korean syllable structure on the acquisition of English consonant clusters on the basis of the speech data collected from a total of 8 Korean middle school students (2 females and 6 males). A total of 24 English monosyllabic words that formed 8 different quasi minimal triplets was employed and recorded. Each triplet consisted of mono-consonantal, bi-consonantal, and tri-consonantal words like pin, spin, spring or pin, pink, pinks. The three words at four triplets were differentiated by the number of consonants at the onset position and those at the other four triplets, at the coda position. Using a 5 point-scale scoring method, two native English speakers rated the speech data in terms of (i) intelligibility and (ii) the scoring of bi- and tri-consonantal words with three points being fixed on mono-syllabic words. The main finding was that the tri-consonantal words scored the lowest, bi-consonantal words were in the middle, and mono-consonantal words scored the highest. But, this general tendency held true only at the words dissimilar at the coda position. At the onset position, on the other hand, the mono-consonantal words scored the lowest. The in-depth analysis that followed the rating showed that a comparison of the words in terms of the syllabic intelligibility can be properly made only when each consonant comprising a syllable is intelligibly articulated on its own.

광 전달망에서 계획 연결 요구의 시간적 비공유 경로를 이용한 RWA

안현기,이태진,정민영,추현승,Ahn Hyun Gi,Lee Tae-Jin,Chung Min Young,Choo Hyunseung 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.11A

광전달망(Optical Transport Network)에서 사용자의 서비스 요구는 종종 주기적인 특성을 보이므로 이러한 계획 연결 요구에 대하여 시간 중복성을 RWA 문제에 이용할 수 있다. 계획 연결 요구의 RWA 문제는 조합 최적화 방법(Combinatorial Optimal Solution)과 그래프 컬러링(Graph Coloring)의 조합으로 해결되거나, 경로 선택에 기반한 순차적(sequential) RWA(sRWA) 의해서 해결된다. 이와 같은 방법은 복잡하거나 많은 연산을 필요로 하므로 본 논문에서는 그룹화를 통해 계획 연결 요구들의 시간 중복성을 이용하여 효과적으로 경로 설정 및 파장 할당을 하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘이 현재 실질적으로 효율적이라 알려진 sRWA 보다 같거나 작은 파장 수를 사용하여 $54\%$ 이상의 계산량의 성능 향상을 보인다. In optical networks, traffic demands often demonstrate periodic nature for which time-overlapping property can be utilized in routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). A RWA problem for scheduled lightpath demands (SLDs) has been solved by combinatorial optimal solution (COS) and graph coloring, or heuristic sequential RWA (sRWA). Such methods are very complex and incurs large computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an efficient RWA algorithm to utilize the time disjoint property as well as space disjoint property through fast grouping of SLDs. The computer simulation shows that our proposed algorithm indeed achieves up to $54\%$ faster computation with similar number of wavelengths than the existing heuristic sRWA algorithm.

영어음소 인식능력과 청해능력의 상관관계 연구 -영어이름 받아쓰기 실험을 중심으로

안현기 서울대학교 외국어교육연구소 2007 외국어교육연구 Vol.10 No.-

This study aimεd to ìnvestigatε the relationship between phonemic awareness and listening comprehension ability. For this paπIC비ar research purpose thζ English name test and TOEFL LlC tests were employεd and a total of 34 university students participaκd in this εxpεriment. The English name tεst consisting of relativεly unheard 26 English namζs was specially dεsigned and adminisκrεd for the participants to depend on their own phonemic awarenεss ability, not applying their cognitive prior knowlεdge. whεn they transcribε:d the n잉nεs using the phonεtic alphabεts. Thε statistical result showed that thε Pearson's product-moment correlation coεfficient was .550* and its coefficient of determination was .303. This result c1ζarly demonstrated that the phonemic awareness ability was highly correlatεd with the overall Iistening comprεhension ability and implied thε need for implεmεnting the so-called bottom-up method for developing students' phonζrnic awareness ability at primary or secondary school levels.

/자음-모음/ 연접환경에서의 영어와 한국어의 마찰음 음성특질 비교연구

안현기(Ahn Hyunkee) 한국영어학회 2009 영어학 Vol.9 No.2

한국인의 힌디어 폐쇄음 인식

안현기(Ahn Hyunkee) 한국음성학회 2009 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.1 No.3