유기농의 원칙을 통해 바라본 토양가치

안난희,이상민,황현영,이초롱 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.3

농가 자가제조 액비의 발효과정 중 이화학성 및 미생물상 변화

안난희,김용기,이 연,지형진,박종호,홍성준,한은정,An, Nan-Hee,Kim, Yong-Ki,Lee, Yeon,Jee, Hyeong-Jin,Park, Jong-Ho,Hong, Sung-Jun,Han, Eun-Jung 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

본 실험에서는 유기재배 농가에서 사용되고 있는 액비의 특성을 과학적으로 구명하고자 발효기간 동안 액비의 화학성, 미생물상의 변화, 그리고 액비 처리가 무 생육에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 액비의 pH는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 7.2에서 4.3로 감소하였고 EC는 액비제조 직후 13.9 dS/m에서 계속 상승하여 70일에는 99.3 dS/m에 도달하였다. 액비내 서식하는 세균 밀도는 발효 과정 중 $8.2{\times}10^5$ cfu/ml에서 $3{\times}10^4$ cfu/ml로 감소하였으며, Bacillus 속은 제조 직후 $2.1{\times}10^2$ cfu/ml에서 $4.2{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml로 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 액비로부터 분리한 세균은 지방산 분석을 통한 동정 결과, 발효가 진행될수록 Bacillus 유사속들이 액비내 우점하는 것을 알 수 있었으며 DGGE profile을 통해 발효과정 동안 액비내 미생물 군집의 변화를 확인하였다. 액비처리에 의한 무 유묘 생육을 살펴본 결과, 줄기보다는 뿌리 발달을 촉진하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties during fermenting process of farm-made organic liquid fertilizer made of the mixture of organic materials such as blood meal and molasse during fermenting process. The pH level of organic liquid fertilizer during the ermentation decreased from 7.2 to 4.3. The EC of organic liquid fertilizer was increased from 13.9 dS/m to 99.3 dS/m during the fermentation. The total population of aerobic bacteria decreased from $8.2{\times}10^5$ cfu/ml to $3{\times}10^4$ cfu/ml, but Bacillus spp. increased from $2.1{\times}10^2$ cfu/ml to $4.2{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml during the fermentation. Bacterial isolates were obtained from organic liquid fertilizers and identified by fatty acid-base typing. The Genus Bacillus was dominant as fermenting proceeded. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed changes of bacterial communities in organic liquid fertilizers.

Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) 분석을 이용한 다양한 활성 슬러지의 세균 군집비교

안난희,장덕진 대한환경공학회 2002 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.06

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Microbial Diversity in Upland Soils Estimated by Biolog Ecoplate and DGGE

안난희,이상민,조정래,이병모,신재훈,옥정훈,김석철 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Organic amendment practices can influence diversity and activities of soil microorganisms. There is a need toinvestigate this impact compared with other types of materials. This study was carried out to evaluate the longterm effects of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil microbial community in upland field. During the last 11years green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK, and NPK + pig maturecompost were treated in upland soil. Organic fertilizer treatment found with high bacterial colony formingunits (CFUs) as compared to chemical and without fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference inthe actinomycetes and fungal population. The average well color development (AWCD) value was the highestin green manure and, the lowest in without fertilizer treatment. Analyses based on the denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar bandingpattern while rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK + pig mature compost and without fertilizer treatment were clusteredin another cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure treatment. Bacterial diversity can be highlyincreased by the application of organic fertilizer while chemical fertilizer had less impact. It can be concludedthat green manure had a beneficial impact on soil microbial flora, while, the use of chemical fertilizer couldaffect the soil bacterial communities adversely.

친환경 농산물 재배를 위한 농가 자가제조 액비 사용실태

안난희,조영상,조정래,김용기,이연,지형진,이상민,박광래,이병모,An, Nan-Hee,Jo, Young-Sang,Jo, Jeong-Rae,Kim, Yong-Ki,Lee, Yeon,Jee, Hyeong-Jin,Lee, Sang-Min,Park, Kwang-Lai,Lee, Byung-Mo 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process. 본 연구는 2009년에 친환경 농산물 재배 농가들이 사용하는 자가 제조 액비 실태를 파악하고자 친환경 농산물 인증을 받은 29농가를 대상으로 액비의 종류, 재료, 제조과정, 활용방법 및 효과 등에 대해서 조사를 실시하였다. 농가에서 사용하는 액비의 재료는 대부분 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 것들이었고 제조방법은 주재료에 미생물의 에너지원으로 사용할 수 있는 당밀이나 흑설탕을 첨가하고 그리고 발효 미생물원으로 부엽토, 시판미생물, 시군센터에서 보급하는 미생물 또는 토착미생물 배양체를 사용하고 있었다. 농가에서 제조하여 활용하고 있는 액비 종류는 발효액비, 천혜녹즙, 아미노산액비, 칼슘액비, 인산액비 등 이었고 이들 액비는 생육촉진, 개화촉진, 꽃눈형성, 당도증가, 저장성 증대, 병해충 저항성 증가, 그리고 고온장해 억제 등의 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 수집된 액비의 성분분석 결과, pH와 EC의 범위는 시료간의 차이가 크며 질소, 인산 등 다량원소 함량은 대부분 적었으며 같은 재료를 이용하여 제조된 액비라도 제조방법에 따라 양분함량이 각각 다른 것으로 조사되었다.

해초류를 이용한 유기 액비 제조 시 발효 미생물원 및 당밀 첨가에 따른 액비의 특성 비교

안난희,조정래,신재훈,옥정훈,김석철 유기성자원학회 2015 유기물자원화 Vol.23 No.4

Objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of inorganic components contained in liquid fertilizer produced using seaweed by adding microorganisms and molasses. Addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer resulted in little change in pH and considerable increase in EC with high EC value compared to other liquid fertilizers which have microorganisms additives. Also, it was appeared that the dry yeast-added treatment had higher NH4-N concentration than other treatments. In the other hand, addition of molasses resulted in low pH compared to the control which has no additives, and EC was not different depending on the amount of molasses. NH4-N concentration in the 2% molasses added treatment was lowest and it showed a significant difference in the no and 1% molasses added treatments. In conclusion, it was shown that addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer increased ammonium nitrogen concentration by accelerating nitrogen mineralization, while molasses has an effect of inhibiting nitrogen mineralization. With application of organic liquid fertilizer containing seaweed increased the fresh weight of chinese cabbage. 본 연구는 해초를 이용한 유기 액비 제조 시 발효 미생물 선발 및 당밀 첨가에 따른 액비의 특성 변화를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 액비 제조 시 발효미생물은 건조효모를 첨가하였을 때 다른 미생물 첨가구에 비해 pH의 변화가 적고 EC의 증가폭이 컸으며 EC값은 높게 나타났다. 또한 NH4-N농도는 건조효모 첨가구가 다른 미생물 첨가구들에 비해 높았다. 액비 제조 시 당밀 첨가 효과는 당밀 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 pH가 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 EC는 당밀 첨가량에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. NH4-N농도는 당밀 2 % 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 무첨가구 그리고 1 % 첨가구와는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 따라서 액비 제조 시 발효 미생물원으로 건조효모를 첨가하면 질소의 무기화를 촉진하여 암모늄태 질소의 농도를 증가시키고, 당밀 첨가는 질소의 무기화를 억제시키는 효과를 보였다. 또한 액비처리에 의한 배추생육을 조사한 결과, 양분공급에 의한 생육 증가 효과를 나타내었다.

신규 유기농경지 토양의 유기물 공급이 토양 미생물군집에 미치는 영향

안난희,옥정훈,조정래,신재훈,남홍식,김석철 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic matter application on soil microbial activities and diversities in a newly reclaimed soil. Soil chemical properties, population of microbe, microbial biomass, and properties of microbial community were investigated under 4 different treatment (animal manure compost+ green manure, chemical fertilizer, and without fertilizer). The experiment was conducted for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. The most of chemical properties in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment were increased continually compare to chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. The population of bacteria and fungi were higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment, however, there was no difference on actinomyces. Soil microbial biomass C content was higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment than in chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. Biolog examination showed that catabolic diversities of bacterial communities were higher in the treatment of animal manure compost+green manure. It was showed that principle component analysis of the Biolog data differentiated the organic matter amended soils from NPK and control. These results indicated that application of animal manure compost+green manure had a beneficial effect on soil microbial properties.

부산물 활용 발효 유기질비료가 배추 수량 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향

안난희,이상민,오은미,이초롱,공민재 유기성자원학회 2020 유기물자원화 Vol.28 No.4

This study analyzes the effects of mixed fermented organic fertilizer on chinese cabbage growth and soil properties in order to investigate the nutritional effects of organic fertilizers, which are developed as an alternative fertilizer for imported castor oil cake. In this study, four treatments were set up: 100% and 200% rate of nitrogen application (320 kg ha-1 for Chinese cabbage) on mixed fermented organic fertilizer A(FA) and mixed fermented organic fertilizer B(FB), respectively, 100% rates of the mixed expeller cake (MEC) fertilizer, and the untreated control. Results revealed that the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage increased as more fermented organic fertilizer was used. However, while there were no significant differences in growth characteristics between treatments of 100% rate of mixed fermented organic fertilizer and 100% rate of MEC, the impacts on yields resulted similar. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Chinese cabbage was measured a range of 20-31% depending on the response to treatment. The 100% FA showed the same as NUE and nitrogen absorption with 100% rate of MEC. Regarding soil properties after cultivation, there were no significant differences among the effects of fertilizers in pH, EC, soil organic matter, and available phosphate. However, the content of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg) was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas. Furthermore, the bacterial population density in the soil was higher in areas treated with mixed fermented organic fertilizer than in untreated areas and increased as more mixed fermented organic fertilizer was used. There were no significant differences in the population density of actinomycetes and fungi when fertilizer was applied to the soil. These results also show that FA, as a alternative organic fertilizer for imported castor oil cake, has similar nutritional effects as that of MEC. Therefore, further research the appropriate amounts of fertilizer is required to achieve economical and eco-friendly nutrient management. 본 연구는 아주까리유박을 주원료로 제조하는 유기질비료의 대체자재 개발 목적으로 제조한 혼합유기질발효비료의 양분공급 효과 검증을 위해 시용 후 배추의 생육 및 토양 특성을 혼합유박과 비교 분석하였다. 혼합유기질 발효비료는 미강, 주정박, 참깨박, 어분의 혼합비율을 달리하여 비료성분이 질소 5.0, 인산 2.6, 칼리 1.4%인 비료2종(FA, FB)를 제조하였다. 본 시험은 무처리, 혼합유박, 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구로 설정하였으며, 배추의 질소시비량(320 kg ha-1)을 기준으로 혼합유기질 발효비료 A와 B는 100%, 200% 수준, 혼합유박 100% 설정하여 시비하였다. 배추 생육 및 수량 조사결과, 혼합유기질 발효비료의 시용량이 증가하면 생육과 수량도 증가하였다. 혼합유기질발효비료 처리와 혼합유박 100% 시용구의 생육은 처리간의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 생산량은 FA 100% 처리구가혼합유박과 대등한 수량을 보였다. 배추의 질소이용효율은 처리구에 따라 20~31% 이었으며, FA 100% 처리가혼합유박과 대등한 질소흡수량과 이용효율을 보였다. 재배 후 토양 화학성은 pH, EC, 토양유기물 및 유효인산함량은 처리간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 치환성양이온 함량은 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구가 높아졌다. 또한토양의 세균 밀도는 무비구에 비해 비료 처리구가 높았으며, 혼합유기질 발효비료 시용량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 위의 결과를 통해 수입유박 대체자재로 혼합유기질 발효비료 FA가 혼합유박과 유사한 양분공급 효과가 있으며경제적이고 친환경적인 양분관리를 위해 적정시비량 설정 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Physicochemical Properties of Organic Liquid Fertilizer with Oil Cake and Rice Bran as Affected by Microorganism and the Ratio of Molasses

안난희,김용기,조정래,지형진,이병모,윤종철,최지원 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

The study was conducted to investigate changes in the characteristics of inorganic components duringfermenting process of organic liquid fertilizers according to the type and ratio of microorganism and theamount of molasses when producing organic liquid fertilizers using sesame oil cake and rice bran. To selectappropriate microorganisms, liquid fertilizers were produced through a 90-day fermentation process byadding mag-ggeo-li, yogurt, dried yeast, and leaf mold. The pH in liquid fertilizer was decreased, and thenincreased in all microorganism samples except the mag-ggeo-li sample. The EC was rapidly increased in allsamples until the 10th days after production, and showed no changes after the 60th days in dried yeast and afterthe 30th days in the other samples. The concentration of NH4-N was generally increased with time. Theconcentration of P2O5 was rapidly increased until the 10th days after production and was maintained at about1% regardless of the type of microorganism. In terms of the characteristics of liquid fertilizers according to theratio of selected dried yeast, the pH was decreased until the 30th days after producing the liquid fertilizers, andthen was increased regardless of the ratio of dried yeast. The EC was increased with time and showed nodifferences depending on the amount of dried yeast. The concentration of NH4-N was increased with time andin proportion to the amount of dried yeast. In terms of the characteristics of liquid fertilizers according to theratio of molasses, the pH was decreased with increasing the molasses. The EC and concentration of P2O5 wereno differences according to the amount of molasses. When 3% molasses was added, the content of NH4-N was2.6 mg L-1 at the beginning and was at 3,025 mg L-1 on the 90th days.

유기물을 이용한 유기농 액비 제조 시 건조효모와 당밀 첨가에 따른 액비 특성 비교

안난희,조정래,이병모,신재훈,옥정훈,김석철 유기성자원학회 2014 유기물자원화 Vol.22 No.4

Objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of inorganic components contained in liquid fertilizer produced using bone powder and rice bran by adding dry yeast and molasses. Addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer resulted in little change in pH, considerable increase in EC, and it showed high EC value compared to the control which has no additives. Also, it was appeared that the dry yeast-added treatment had higher at 2,936mgᆞL-1 of NH4-N concentration than the control which had 1,782mgᆞL-1. In the other hand, addition of molasses resulted in low pH and slightly low EC, as compared to the control. NH4-N concentration in the no added molasses treatment was 2,936mgᆞL-1 higher than its molasses added treatment which had 2,378 mgᆞL-1. In conclusion, it was shown that addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer increased ammonium nitrogen concentration by accelerating nitrogen mineralization, while molasses has an effect of inhibiting nitrogen mineralization and enhancing the characteristics of fermentation. With application of organic liquid fertilizer containing bone powder and rice bran increased the fresh weight of Allium tuberosum. 본 연구는 골분과 미강을 이용한 유기 액비 제조 시 건조효모와 당밀 첨가에 따른 액비의 무기성분특성 변화를 구명하고 첨가 효과를 평가하고자 수행하였다. 액비 제조시 건조효모의 첨가 효과는 무첨가구에 비해 pH의 변화가 적고, EC의 증가폭이 컸으며 EC 값도 높게 나타났다. 또한 NH4-N농도는건조효모 첨가구가 2,936 mgᆞL-1로 무첨가구의 1,782 mgᆞL-1에 비해 높았다. 당밀 첨가 효과는 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 pH가 낮은 경향을 보였으며 EC는 당밀 무첨가구에서 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. NH4-N농도는 당밀 무첨가구가 2,936 mgᆞL-1로 첨가구의 2,378 mgᆞL-1에 비해 높았다. 따라서 액비 제조 시 건조효모 첨가는 유기물원의 분해를 촉진하여 식물이 이용할 수 있는 질소형태로 무기화를 촉진시키고, 당밀 첨가는 유기물의 분해를 억제하지만 발효 성상을 향상시키는 효과를 보였다. 또한 액비처리에 의한 부추생육을 조사한 결과, 양분공급에 의한 생육 증가 효과를 나타내었다.