길찾기 능력 검사의 개발 및 타당화 연구

권효석,이장한 한국심리학회 2005 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.24 No.2

To develop a scale predicting one's ability to find a way, this study investigated the major cognitive components based on literatures about sense of direction and navigation, and then developed the wayfinding ability test (WAT) adapted to metropolitan and examined it's validity. In preparatory questionnaire having 80 items, 35 items from sense of direction and navigation studies(Takeuchi & Kato, 2003; Hegarty et al., 2002) were consisted and additional items assessing principal abilities (e.g. memory, learning, visual perception) were added. The finding from 301 college students (mean age: 22.1±2.4) was analyzed by factor analysis, and it yielded following 4 factors: ‘spatial memory and learning’, ‘sense of direction’, ‘using map’, and ‘visospatial perception’. The WAT were founded that it had high reliability in overall items and each factor and highly correlated with existing sense of direction scales. 본 연구는 길찾기 능력을 예측할 수 있는 척도를 개발하기 위해 방향감각이나 네비게이션에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 길찾기에 있어서 중요한 인지적 요소들을 탐색하였고, 도심 생활권자의 실정에 맞는 척도를 제작한 후 그 타당성을 검증하였다. 예비 문항 선정에 있어서, 방향감각 및 네비게이션에 대한 선행연구들(Hegarty et al., 2002; Nadolne & Stringer, 2001; Takeuchi & Kato, 2003)의 문항과 길찾기에 요구되는 인지능력(기억력, 학습, 시지각 등)을 측정하는 문항을 첨가하여 총 80개의 예비문항을 구성하였다. 이를 만 18세에서 28세의 대학생 301명을 대상으로 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 4요인이 추출되었고 요인부하량이 낮은 문항과 요인 간 중첩이 많은 문항을 제외하여 최종적으로 28문항을 선정하였다(요인1: ‘공간 기억 및 학습능력’, 요인2: ‘방향감각’, 요인3: ‘지도 활용력’, 요인4: ‘시공간 지각력’). 본 검사의 신뢰도를 검증해본 결과, 28개 문항들 전체, 그리고 네 요인들의 내적 일치도가 높았고, 선행연구의 방향감각 척도들과 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

The Amelioration of Anxiety Sensitivity by Cognitive Defusion Techniques: A Focus on the Fear of Respiratory Symptoms

권효석,이장한 한국임상심리학회 2010 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.29 No.3

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the tendency to fear of anxiety-related sensations. Catastrophic interpretation of bodily sensation is the major characteristic of AS. Cognitive Defusion (CD), the key process of acceptance and commitment therapy, is to prevent suffering from one's own thoughts (i.e., Cognitive Fusion) and aims to make people aware that a thought is just a thought and a feeling is just a feeling. To investigate CD's effects on AS, this study focused on fear of respiratory symptoms (FRS), one of the sub-components of AS, and examined whether FRS can be conceptualized as Cognitive Fusion (CF) and whether CD can ameliorate FRS. Female college students who scored in the top 75 percentile or the bottom 25 percentile in their FRS scores were invited (28 people for each group) to participate in the experiment among 329 preliminary survey respondents. Two groups (high FRS and low FRS) showed significant differences in all scales related with CF. Afterwards, half of both groups were given CD intervention while the remaining were allotted into a control condition. After intervention, the changes of FRS and other measures measuring CF were analyzed. Results showed that CD decreased FRS and believability of a negative thought during a breath-holding task only in high FRS group, but increased willingness and breath-holding duration for both high and low FRS groups. In this regard, the present study suggests that even a short intervention, such as CD focusing on disconnecting a catastrophic thought process, can ameliorate AS.

구매의사결정 지원을 위한 실시간 가격비교 Agent 개발

권효석,류정섭,조형래 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The proliferation of the internet and related applications has made users struggle with information overload. It means users must spend more time to find and gather necessary information they want. The agent technique is advocated by many researchers as an alternative to overcome the difficulty, which resulted in the practical use of the agent technique in Electronic Commerce more common. In this paper, we propose a realtime price comparison agent which compares the prices and services among online stores in realtime without users' intervention. The proposed agent differs from the existing ones in that (1) it does not incorporate a pre-installed price database, (2) it automatically monitors users' current status without any input from the users.

길찾기 능력수준에 따라 지도회전이 길찾기와 공간지식에 미치는 영향

권효석,이장한 한국임상심리학회 2008 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.27 No.4

We developed a virtual city to examine the effects of map rotation on wayfinding efficiency (WE) and spatial knowledge (SK) in navigation systems depending on the subjects' wayfinding abilities. Eighty male college students completed the Wayfinding Ability Test, and 30 students who scored above/below the 25th percentile were divided into two groups of 15. In a virtual city, both groups participated in wayfinding tasks using track-up map and north-up map in the first and third session, respectively. Both groups also completed spatial knowledge tests in the second and fourth sessions. To control the experiences of 3D games, 2 (map types) X 2 (groups) repeated-measures ANCOVAs were used. In the results, significant interactions of map types and groups were found on both WE and SK. That is, the students in the lower 25th percentile attained higher WE and SK scores when they used the track-up map rather than the north-up map. In contrast, the students in the upper 25th percentile attained higher WE and SK scores when they used the north-up map rather than the track-up map. After the correlation analysis between sub-components of wayfinding ability and WE/SK in both map conditions, it showed that, in the north-up map condition, the correlation between ‘sense of direction’ and WE and the correlation between ‘using map’/‘visuospatial perception’ and SK were significant. These results suggest that those with poor wayfinding abilities use track-up map more favorably for WE and SK, that those with a poor sense of direction have difficulties with wayfinding when using the north-up map, and that those with poor map/visuospatial perception have difficulty achieving SK when using the north-up map.

성폭력 게임 노출 후의 암묵적 태도 변화

권효석,이장한 한국건강심리학회 2008 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.13 No.4

This study's aim is to examine whether a short exposure of a sexually violent material (SVM) adversely affects the implicit attitude on sexual violence (ASV). We developed a modified sexual violence-Implicit Association Test (SV-IAT) to measure implicit ASV, and investigated how an implicit and explicit ASV are changed after the short exposure of SVM depend on the likelihood of sexual aggression (LSA), using a video clip extracted from a sexually violent 3D game. In the first experiment, we examined the construct validity of SV-IAT. Among 80 male college student respondents on Rape Myth Acceptance scale (RMA), those above 25th and below 75th percentile on RMA score were selected, and then 30 recruited participants (15 higher and 15 lower) took part in SV-IAT individually. The result showed that SV-IAT did not discriminate the level of RMA. In the second experiment, 30 new male participants, volunteered from the same college, engaged in the same SV-IAT task twice, one week before and immediately after the exposure to the video clip. After that, they were divided into two groups by the mean score of self-reported LSA to analyze the impact of the video clip according to individual difference. In the results, the directions of the change of implicit ASV in each groups were significantly different. That is, high LSA group became more supportive on ASV, and low LSA group more negative, measured by SV-IAT. However, the both groups' scores of RMA decreased non-significantly. In discussion, meanings of these results and applications of SV-IAT in sexual violence research were delineated. 본 연구는 단기간의 성폭력 영상물 노출이 성폭력에 대해 암묵적으로 허용적인 태도를 갖게 하는 지를 검증해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성폭력에 대한 태도를 간접적으로 측정하는 암묵적 연합검사(SV-IAT)를 개발하고, 실재감이 높은 3D 성폭력 게임을 실험자극으로 하여, 성폭력 경향성 수준에 따라 단기간의 성폭력 영상물 노출로 암묵적 태도 및 명시적 태도가 어떻게 변화되는지를 살펴보았다. 먼저 SV-IAT의 구성타당도를 확인하기 위하여, 남자 대학생 80명 중 강간통념척도점수 고집단(상위 25%, 15명)과 저집단(하위 25%, 15명)의 SV-IAT의 점수를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 두 집단의 SV-IAT값에 유의미한 차이를 확인 할 수 없었다. 이후, 성폭력 가능성 고집단(HA)과 저집단(LA)에게 성폭력 영상물 노출 전후의 강간통념과 SV-IAT를 측정한 결과, SV-IAT 측정값에서 집단에 따라 암묵적 태도의 변화 방향이 유의미하게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 즉, HA집단은 성폭력 영상물 노출 후에 성폭력에 허용적인 태도로 변화된 반면, LA집단은 비허용적인 태도로 변화되었다. 그러나 강간통념척도에서의 변화양상은 두 집단 모두 같았는데, 영상물 노출 후 강간통념이 유의미하진 않으나, 다소 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 논의에서 이 결과들에 대한 의미와 성폭력 연구에 있어서 SV-IAT의 활용 가능성에 대해 기술하였다.

사이버섹스 중독의 위험요인 : 성적 충동성을 중심으로

권효석,이장한 한국자료분석학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.9 No.6

The purposes of the present study were to replicate the previous studies regarding the effect of sexual compulsivity on cybersex addiction, and to investigate the moderating effects of gender and the level of sexual relation with a partner to the relationship between cybersex addiction and sexual compulsivity. The Cybersex Addiction Scale (CAS) was developed for this study, and it was examined that the effects of sexual compulsivity (high and low), sexual relation level (no contact, petting, sexual intercourse), and gender on cybersex addiction by 3 way ANOVAs from the data collected from 185 male and 188 female students in two universities. Results indicated that the main effect of sexual compulsivity was also significant. In addition, the interaction effect between sexual compulsivity and gender and the interaction effect between sexual compulsivity and sexual relation level were significant. That is, males who had high sexual compulsivity and those who had high sexual compulsivity and low level of sexual relation showed high scores on CAS, and the high sexual compulsivity group's CAS scores was also high. Thus, the study would suggest that 1) males are more influenced by sexual compulsivity in respect of cybersex addiction, that 2) those with high sexual compulsivity sought alternative gratification via Internet if not satisfied with sexual relations with one's partner, and that 3) that sexual compulsivity be considered preferentially when a client complains of cybersex addiction. 본 연구의 목적은 선행 연구들에서 밝힌 성적 충동성이 사이버섹스 중독에 미치는 영향을 재확인하고, 두 변인 관계를 중재할 것으로 여겨지는 성별과 파트너와의 성관계 수준의 영향을 같이 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 기존에 있는 국외의 사이버섹스 중독 관련 척도들을 토대로 사이버섹스 중독 척도를 개발하였고, 서울과 수도권 소재 두 대학에서 남학생 185명과 여학생 188명을 대상으로, 성적 충동성(고저), 파트너와의 성관계 수준(전혀 없음, 애무, 성교), 그리고 성별을 독립변인으로 하여 이 변인들이 사이버섹스 중독 수준에 미치는 영향을 삼원 변량분석을 통해 알아보았다. 그 결과, 성적 충동성이 높고 남성인 경우 그리고 성적 충동성이 높고 파트너와의 성관계 수준이 낮은 이들이 비교 집단에 비해 사이버섹스 중독 수준이 더 높은 것이 확인되었고 성적 충동성이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 사이버섹스 중독 수준이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 남성에게는 여성에 비해 성적 충동성이 더 큰 영향을 미쳐 사이버섹스를 과도히 추구하게 만드는 것을 알 수 있으며, 성별에 관계없이 성적 충동성이 높은데 파트너와의 성적 관계가 만족스럽지 못할 경우 인터넷을 통해 대리 만족을 추구하게 되는 것으로 여겨진다. 이와 같이 성격 변인인 성적 충동성의 사이버섹스 중독 수준에 미치는 주요한 영향력이 검증되었기에, 사이버섹스 중독을 호소하는 이들을 상담하거나 치료할 때는 성적 충동성을 먼저 다뤄주어야 할 것으로 보인다.

가상현실을 이용한 알코올중독자의 단서노출 치료

권효석(Hyoseok Kwon),노성원(Sungwon Roh),최준호(Joonho Choi),양병환(Byung-Hwan Yang),이장한(Jang-Han Lee) 한국HCI학회 2006 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.2

계층화된 퍼지 인지도를 이용한 신뢰기반 경매시스템

김현준,류정섭,권효석,조형래 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper introduces trust measurement that is composed of trust variables and fuzzy cognitive map. The improved trust measuring method using a stratified FCM can be used to measure the level of risk involved in a specific auction transaction concerned. To reduce the auction transaction cost and time, the proposed system recommends a differentiated transaction protocol according to the risk based on trust measurement. In this system, trust measurement can also be applied for differentiated and varied auction services.

온라인 채널의 상대적 효율성 및 시장 커버리지가 가격경쟁에 미치는 영향 분석

이민호(Min ho Rhee),권효석(Hyo seok Kwon),조형래(Hyung rae Cho) 한국SCM학회 2007 한국SCM학회지 Vol.7 No.1

단일 상품을 판매하는 인터넷 상점과 전통적인 소매점 간의 경쟁에 대한 전략적 분석

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho),권효석(Hyo-Seok Kwon),차춘남(Chun-Nam Cha) 대한산업공학회 2005 대한산업공학회지 Vol.31 No.4