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유전알고리즘을 이용한 열전소자 기반 히팅 시스템의 최적 온도 제어기 구현
공정식 한국금형공학회 2023 한국금형공학회지 Vol.17 No.3
This paper presents the development of a controller that can control the temperature of an heating system based on a thermoelectric module. Temperature controller using Peltier has various external factors such as external temperature, characteristics of an aluminum plate, installation location of temperature sensors, and combination method between the aluminum plate and heating element. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the simulation and simulation results of heating system using Peltier at control algorithm. In general, almost temperature controller is using PID algorithm that finds control gain value heuristically. In this paper, it is proposed mathematical model that explain correlate between the temperature of the heating system and input voltage. And then, optimal parameter of estimated thermal model of the aluminum plate are searched by using genetic algorithm. In addition, based on this estimated model, the optimal PID control gain are inferred using a genetic algorithm. All of the sequence are simulated and verified with proposed real system.
Bony Deformity after Augmentation Rhinoplasty with Silicone Implant
공정식,김양우,전영우 대한미용성형외과학회 2012 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.2
Silicone implants for augmentation rhinoplasty have been used by many surgeons over the past few decades. However, no clinical evaluation of the nasal bones beneath the silicone implant has been conducted to date. Between 2010 and 2012, we reviewed patients’ facial computed tomography scans and finally selected 13 patients according to the exclusion criteria. To evaluate the extent of bone resorption, we measured the angle (θ) of the deformed portion. And we measured the thickness of nasal bones to evaluate the bony resorption.A total of 13 patients had some evidence of bone resorption or bony deformity on their computed tomography. An evaluation of the CT scan of the nasal bones showed deformity of the bones underneath the implant. The bones had lost the dome shaped convexity and showed flat configuration under the implant. The values of the angle (θ) ranged from 45to 75 degrees (mean 58.1 degree). The thickness of nasal bone showed statistically significant results at the tip of bony vault. This study has demonstrated of bone deformation beneath the silicone implants in humans.
공정식 한국경호경비학회 2007 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.13
본 연구의 목적은 교정시설에 수용된 이혼수형자들을 대상으로 향후 재혼 등에 대비하여 부부갈등시 현명하게 대처할 수 있는 방안을 가질 수 있도록 유도하는데 초점을 두었다. 본 프로그램은 총 10회기로 구성되었으며, 초기 참여자는 6명이었으나, 최종 사후검사까지 마친 참여자는 5명이었다. 프로그램의 진행내용을 보면, 먼저 자기소개 중 별칭짓기에서는 참여자들이 별칭을 선정하는 기준이 대부분 개인적 경험이나 정서를 표현할 수 있는 단어들을 선호한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 10회기에 걸친 프로그램의 진행을 마친 후 프로그램의 효과를 측정하기 위하여 갈등대처기법척도검사를 사전, 사후로 실시하였다. 그 결과를 참여자별로 보면, ‘인내’와 '실로암‘은 사전검사에서는 감정표출의 갈등대처기법을 많이 사용하던 것이 사후에는 이성적 대처를 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 변화되었음을 알 수 있다. ‘바다’와 ‘진’, ‘탄생’의 경우는 갈등상황에 사전검사에서는 이성적 대처기법을 사용하는 정도가 높았는데, 프로그램 진행 후 사후검사에서 더 높아졌음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 알 수 있는 것은 이혼수형자를 대상으로 한 갈등대처기법 교정프로그램이 참여자들의 갈등상황에서 효과적으로 대처하는 기술과 능력을 향상시켜 주는데 효과를 거둘 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.
Carved Merocel^Ⓡ을 이용한 비골골절의 고정
공정식,강소라,김양우,전영우,정재아 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.12 No.2
Purpose: In most cases of nasal bone fracture, closed reduction with internal or external splint fixation approach is selected. However, because of indiscriminate insertion of the internal splint without considering of anatomical difference or deformity, insufficient fixation happens frequently that need additional fixation. Therefore, we suggest a new method for providing adequate support in reduced nasal bone by carving Merocel^Ⓡ that is fixed for the anatomical structure. Method: Closed reduction and internal fixation with carved Merocel^Ⓡ was performed in 15 nasal bone fracture patients from March, 2010 to July, 2010. Each patient was evaluated by physical examination, facial photographic check, simple X-ray, and computerized tomography. On the first day post-operation, location of packing and amount of reduction were checked by follow up X-ray and computerized tomography. In addition, patients’ symptoms were evaluated. During the 3-month post-op follow up at out-patient clinic, operator, 2 doctors in training and one assistant performed the objective evaluations by physical examination on nasal dorsal hump, nasal deviation, nasal depression, nasal breath difficulty, and nasal airway obstruction. A survey of subjective patients’ satisfaction in 4-stages was also performed. Results: The results of follow-up computerized tomography of the 15 patients revealed that 11 patients had good reduced state. Three patients with combined maxillary frontal process fracture had over reductions. A survey performed on the first day post-operation showed that 14 of 15 patients answered that their current symptoms were more than tolerable. At the 3-month follow-up physical exam, one case had a dorsal hump. However, there were no nasal deviations, nasal depressions, nasal breath difficulties, or nasal airway obstructions. Twelve of the 15 patients answered more than moderate on the 3-month survey. Conclusion: Intranasal packing after carving the Merocel^Ⓡ considering anatomical structure is a new effective method to promote proper-reduction, maintain stability, and minimize patients’ symptoms by addition of a simple procedure. (J Korean Cleft Palate Craniofac Assoc 12: 93, 2011)
공정식,Kong, Jung-Shik 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.2
This paper deals with the recognition algorithm of walking will based on torque estimation. Recently, concern about walking assistant aids is increasing according to the increase in population of elder and handicapped person. However, most of walking aids don't have any actuators for its movement. So, general walking aids have weakness for its movement to upward/download direction of slope. To overcome the weakness of the general walking aids, many researches for active type walking aids are being progressed. Unfortunately it is difficult to control aids during its movement, because it is not easy to recognize user's walking will. Many kinds of methods are proposed to recognize of user's walking will. In this paper, we propose walking will recognition algorithm by using torque estimation from wheels. First, we measure wheel velocity and voltage at the walking aids. From these data, external forces are extracted. And then walking will that is included by walking velocity and direction is estimated. Here, all the processes are verified by simulation and experiment in the real world.