한국 연안 퇴적물에서 ^137Cs, ^90Sr 및 Pu 동위원소의 분포

최석원,진현국,김철수,노정환,김창규,노병환 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.2

한국 주변 연안 15개 정점의 퇴적물(0∼20 cm)에서 ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^239+240Pu 의 농도와 농도비를 조사했다. ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu 및^239+240Pu의 평균 방사능 농도는 각각 2.24±0.79 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.20±0.04 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.009±0.005 Bq·kg^-1-dry 및 0.27±0.17 Bq·kg^-1-dry이다. ^137Cs/^90Sr, ^239+240Pu/^137Cs 및 ^238Pu/229+240Pu의 평균 농도 비와 ^239Pu/240의 평균 원자 비는 각각 11.2±2.9, 0.123±0.053, 0.033±0.01 및 0.218±0.036이다. 퇴적물에서 핵종의 농도 범위와 핵종간의 농도 비는 그 동안 주변국가의 퇴적물에서 조사한 값과 비슷하였다. 퇴적물에서 ^137Cs과 ^239+240Pu의 상관계수는 0.80이다. ^137Cs과 SOM, ^239+240Pu과 점토 함량과의 상관계수는 각각 0.69, 0.67 이다. The concentrations and activity ratios of ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu and ^239+240Pu in sediment(0∼20 cm) at 15 coastal stations of Korea were determined. The mean concentrations of ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu and ^239+240Pu are 2.24±0.79 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.20±0.04 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.009±0.005 Bq·kg^-1-dry and 0.27±0.17 Bq·kg^-1-dry, respectively. The mean activity ratios of ^137Cs/^90Sr, ^239+240Pu/^137Cs and ^238Pu/^229+240Pu and atomic ratio of ^240Pu/^239Pu are 11.2±2.9, 0.123±0.053 and 0.033±0.017 and 0.218±0.036, respectively. The concentrations and activity ratios in sediment samples are similar to those reported from neighbouring country in the northern hemisphere. The correlation coefficient of ^137Cs and ^239+240Pu is 0.80. The correlation coefficient of ^137Cs and soil organic matter(SOM), and ^239+240Pu and clay content are 0.69 and 0.67, respectively.

충남지역 석불의 암석학적 풍화특성에 관한 연구

최석원,채상정,이효민 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2003 문화재과학기술 Vol.2 No.1

충청남도내의 중요문화재로 지정된 석불 중 역사적 중요성을 가지고 구조적으로 보아 위험성이 있는 것으로 판단되는 석불 31개를 대상으로 암석학적 특징, 풍화에 의한 암석의 조직 및 광물학적 변화, 풍화에 따른 물성 변화 등, 석불을 이루고 있는 암석의 풍화특성을 파악하였다. 석불을 이루고 있는 암석은 대부분이 중립 내지 조립질의 화강암류이며, 소수 석불만이 편마암으로 이루어져 있다. 시료채취가 가능한 12개 화강암류 석불의 모드분석 결과, 흑운모화강암 8개, 반상화강섬록암 3개, 화강섬록암 1개로 분류되었다. 이것들은 암석자체에 많은 절리, 박리조직과 심한변색을 보이고 있다. 편광현미경하에서의 관찰 결과, 장석류는 견운모화작용이 심하고, 흑운모는 녹니석화작용으로 주변광물을 변색시키며, 석영은 일정한 방향으로 균열이 발생하는 등의 조직변화가 일어나고 있다. 석불을 구성하고 있는 암석은 풍화가 많이 진행되어 카올리나이트화 되었으며. 풍화등급은 MW에서 HW에 속한다. 따라서 대부분의 석불들은 풍화를 많이 받은 상태이고, 각 석불의 풍화특성을 고려하여 과학적이고 비파괴적인 보존방법이 연구되어야 할 것이다. This study was carried out the survey of the petrological weathering characteristics as the petrological texture and the mineralogical alteration and the change of rock physical properties by weathering for 31 Stone-Buddhist images designed as important cultural property in Chungnam province. Most rocks composing Stone-Buddhas are classified into granite which is medium to coarse, but some Stone-Buddhist images comprise in gneiss. As the result of modal composition for 12 Stone-Buddhist images being possible to take samples, they are classified into 8 biotite granite, 3 porphyritic granodiorite and 1 granodiorite, which are showed with many joints, exfoliation and intensive discoloration. Referring to the result of observation under the polarizing microscope, some feldspar are being sericitizated and some biotite are being changed to chlorite Under the observation with SEM, some feldspar are changed into lamella-kaolinite by the weathering. Most rocks composing the stone Buddhist images are being weathered much and kaolinited, and its weathering level is classified into MW to HW referring to the result of these studies. Accordingly it is required studying scientific and undestructive method considering the weathering distinction of Stone-Buddhist images.

Aspergillus oryzae를 이용한 캡슐형 메주의 품질특성

최재훈,권선화,이상원,남상해,최상도,박석규 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

전통메주의 표면에서 발행하는 야생곰팡이 착생, 유해곰팡이에 대한 mycotoxin 생성 및 메주 표면의 과도한 건조 등을 해결하기 위하여 메주 외층에 Aspergillus oryzae로 만든 쌀 종국(0.3%, w/w)을 혼합시킨 증자 검정콩으로 얇게 코팅한 후, 25℃, 상대습도 80%에서 14일간 발효시킨 캡슐형 메주를 개발하였다. 캡슐형 메주의 표면에서 야생곰팡이의 오염은 발견되지 않았으나, 대조구 메주는 12일 이후에 푸른곰팡이가 많이 관찰되었다. 메주의 수분 함량은 평균 32.7%로서 34.7~29.4%의 범위를 나타내었다. 적정산도는 캡슐형 메주가 대조구 메주보다 높게 나타났으며, 대두 캡슐형 메주와 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 비슷하게 나타났다. 유리당의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 123.98㎎%로 대조구 메주 15.02㎎%와 대두 캡슐형 메주 59.85㎎%보다 각각 10배, 2.1배, 높게 나타났다. 아미노산성 질소의 함량은 대조구 메주에서 147.00㎎%였으며, 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 255.50㎎%로서 대두 캡슐형 메주 187.25㎎%보다 약 1.37배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 유기산의 함량은 캡슐형 메주(대두 119.98㎎%, 검정콩 95.94㎎%)가 대조두 메주(26.44㎎%)보다 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 캡슐화에 따라 lactic acid와 malic acid 가 가장 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 색차계 색도는 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 대두 캡슐형 메주보다 명도값(L)이 크게 나타났으며 지방산 조성은 메주의 종류에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주(1039.70㎎%)가 대두 캡슐형 메주 (556.07㎎%)와 대조구 메주(236.45㎎%) 비하여 각각 2.4배, 4.4배 높았다. In order to improve some problems such as contamination of undersirable mold, mycotoxin production and excessive drying on the surface of traditional meju, we developed a capsule type-meju(CM) coated with steamed black bean and Aspergillus oryzae - rice koji(0.3%, w/w) mixture to surface of traditional meju and fermented at 25℃ for 14 days under 80% relative hunmidity. Contamination of undersirable mold on the surface of CM was not detected within 2 weeks and some genus Penicillium molds on control meju without koji were found naturally after 12 days of fermentation. The moisture content of meju was showed to be in the range of 34.7 - 29.4% being 32.7(w/w) of mean value. Titratable acidities in CMs prepared with black bean(BCM) and soybean(SCM) were much higher than that in control meju, and BCM was similar to SCM. Free sugar content in BCM(123.98 ㎎%) was 10 times and 2.1 times higher than that in control meju(15.02 ㎎%) and SCM(59.85㎎%), respectively. Amino type nitrogen content in control meju was 147.00 ㎎% and its content in BCM(255.50㎎%) was 1.37 times higher than that in SCM(187.25 mg%). Total organic acid content in BCM(95.98㎎%) and SCM(119.98㎎%) were much higher than that in control meju(26.44 ㎎%), and then latic and malic acid contents were markedly changed according to capsulation of meju. Lightness value(l) of Hunter color index was much higher in BCM than in SCM. Fatty acid composition of CM was not different as compared to control meju. Total free amino acid content in BCM(1039.70 ㎎%) was 4.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that in control meju(236.45 ㎎%) and SCM(556.07 ㎎%), respectively.

실기간 운영 체제의 성능 평가를 위한 벤치마크 프로그램의 개발

최석원,강희국,박윤용 선문대학교·중소기업기술지원연구소 1998 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

한국의 지방자치제와 지방분권운동 : 부산지역을 중심으로

최원석 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2018 부산연구 Vol.16 No.1

This paper begins with the recognition that local autonomy in Korea was not properly operated despite the resurgence of the local autonomy system in 1991, and that the development gap between the national capital region and the province grew larger. Therefore, this paper aims to examine followings: first, what role of central government, local governments and civil society organizations in the region was for the development of local autonomy and decentralization; second, what was the decentralization movements in Busan; third, what are the institutional reform tasks in the next. Despite the implementation of the local autonomy system, Korea stays in the '20 percent autonomy' because of the lack of awareness of the central government on the local autonomy and the lack of will to implement the local autonomy in the local government.There are two decentralization movement groups in Busan's: including “the Busan Innovation Center for Decentralization Movement” and “The Busan Citizens' Solidarity for Decentralization”. While these organizations are making great efforts to decentralize, their organizational capacity does not seem significant. On the other hand, an amendment to the constitution to be made in the future can be an important opportunity for the development of local autonomy and decentralization. Therefore, local governments, local NGOs, and local residents should endeavor for building institutional foundations for substantial development of decentralization, even if the achieving them is difficult. 이 글의 문제인식은 우리나라의 지방자치제가 부활했음에도 불구하고 지방자치는 제대로 시행되지 않았고, 수도권과 지방의 발전 격차는 더 커졌다는 것에서 출발한다. 따라서 이 글의 주요 목적은 첫째, 그러한 상황 속에서 중앙정부와 지방자치단체, 지역사회단체는 어떤 역할을 했는지, 둘째 부산의 지방분권운동은 어떠했는지, 셋째 앞으로 제도적 개선과제는 어떤 것들이 있는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저, 우리나라의 지방자치의 역사와 부활에 대해 살펴보고, 다음으로 지방자치의 의의와 지방분권에 대해 살펴보고, 현재 우리나라 지방자치제도의 문제점과 한계에 대해 살펴보았다. 끝으로 시민운동으로서 부산지역 지방분권운동의 흐름에 대해 살펴보고 향후 제도적 개선과제에 대해 살펴보았다. 우리나라는 지방자치제를 실시했음에도 불구하고 지방자치에 대한 중앙정부의 인식 결여, 지방자치단체의 실천의지의 부족 등으로 ‘2할 자치’에 머무르고 있다. 부산의 분권운동 단체로는 「부산분권운동혁신본부」와 「지방분권부산시민연대」가 있다. 이들 단체들이 지방분권을 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있지만, 조직적 역량은 그리 커 보이지 않는다. 한편, 앞으로 있을 개헌은 지방 자치와 분권의 발전을 위한 중요한 계기가 될 수 있다. 그렇기에 지방정부, 지역 시민단체, 지역의 주민들이 많은 역량을 투입해서라도 실질적 지방분권을 마련할 수 있는 제도적 기반을 정초하는 데 앞장서야 한다.

증편 반죽의 냉동 가능성에 관한 연구

최원석,노정옥,우경자 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.6

This study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of frozen rice batter for the manufacturing of Jeung-pyun. Despite of its unique taste and texture, Jeung-pyun is not consumed much because it needs long time to make. The physicochemical, sensory, rheological and surface characteristics of Jeung-pyun were analyzed to develop the easy manufacture method. The storage condition of rice batter was used at -20℃ up to 4 weeks. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SAS program. The results are summarized as follow: The pH, brix% and sugar content of all samples which added low-temperature tolerance raw yeast or regular raw yeast decreased during the fermentation. Kind of yeast did not influence on the moisture content of the Jeung-pyun batter. Specific volume and carbon dioxide evolution of Jeung-pyun batter were highest when the rice batter was frozen for 1 week regardless of the kind of yeast. Overall quality of frozen batter of Jeung-pyun at -20℃ for 4 weeks had the highest score among different samples. As the test results of mechanical characteristics, cohesiveness, gumminess, brittleness, hardness and springiness did not show any significant differences statistically. The result clearly suggests that freezing the rice batter is a possibile way to manufacture Jeung-pyun.

FIB를 이용한 나노가공공정 기술 개발

최헌종,강은구,이석우,홍원표 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

The application of focused ion beam (FIB) technology in micro/nano machining has become increasingly popular. Its use in micro/nano machining has advantages over contemporary photolithography or other micro/nano machining technologies, such as small feature resolution, the ability to process without masks and being accommodating for a variety of materials and geometries. This paper presents that the recent development and our research goals in FIB nano machining technology are given. The emphasis will be on direct milling, or chemical vapor deposition techniques (CVD), and this can distinguish the FIB technology from the contemporary photolithography process and provide a vital alternative to it. After an introduction to the technology and its FIB principles, the recent developments in using milling or deposition techniques for making various high-quality devices and high-precision components at the micro/nano meter scale are examined and discussed. Finally, conclusions are presented to summarize the recent work and to suggest the areas for improving the FIB milling technology and for studying our future research.

시판어묵의 관능적, 기계적 조직감 측정방법간의 비교

최원석,정재현 忠州大學校 2003 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.38 No.2

The optimum conditions for the measurement of texture profile of commercial Kamabokoes were investigated by Texture analyser and the data were compared to those of sensory evaluations. Significant correlations between sensory evaluation and mechanical measurement were observed in hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess. The optimum conditions for the mechanical measurement instead of sensory evaluations of Kamaboko were the 70% compression ratio with a flat probe(φ 24.6 mm) at 2.4 mm/s cross head speed

수술로 유도된 관절원판의 전방변위시 하악과두 관절연골의 Proteoglycan과 결합단백의 변화에 대한 연구

최원석 대한 두개하악 장애학회 1997 대한두개하악장애학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that surgical induction of anterior disc displacement(ADD) in the rabbit craniomandibular joints(CMJ) will lead to degenerative osteoarthritic changes in the articular cartilage of the rabbit mandibular condyle by analyzing alterations of proteoglycan molecules and link protein. The quantities of cartilage proteoglycans such as chondrooitin-4-sulfate(C4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate(C6S), keratan sulfate(KS) and link protein(LP) were measured using immunogold labeling technique at the electron microscopic level. The right joint of each of five rabbits was exposed surgically, and all discal attachments were severed except for the posterior attachment. The disc was then displaced anteriorly and sutured to the zygomatic arch. The left joint served as a sham-operated control. Ten additional joints were used as non-operated controls. Deeply anesthetized rabbits were perfused with 2% buffered formalin two weeks after surgery. The mandibular condyles were excised and decalcified in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA). Water-soluble plastic embedded sections were incubated in monoclonal antibuodies directed against C4S, C6S, KS and LP. After incubation in the appropriated colloidal gold conjugated secondary antibodies, tissue sections were studied with electron microscope. The results of the immunocytochemistry using colloidal gold conjugates at the electron microscopic level showed statistically significant declines in C4S, C6S, KS, LP (p<0.05) in the osteoarthritic cartilage. It is concluded that surgical induction of ADD in the rabbit CMJ leads to alterations of the proteoglycan molecules in the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle similar to those described previously in human ADD and in osteoarthritis of other synovial joints. The results of this study provide evidence that the loss of the shock absorber function of the disc, and the exposure of the condyles to overloading may cause the injured chondrocytes to secrete degenerative cytokines as indicated by the loss of proteoglycans and LP. These molecular changes are expressed at the subcellular and cellular levels as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease.

고속 HMC 이송계의 운동특성 평가 및 운동오차 예측

최헌종,허남환,강은구,이석우,홍원표 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Recently, the evolution in production techniques (e.g. high-speed milling) and the complex shapes involved in modern production design has been increasingly popular. The key to the achievement is a drastic improvement of the dynamic behavior of the machine tool axes used in production machinery. The more complex these tool paths the higher the speed and acceleration requirements. But it is very difficult to reach the target for high speed machine tool because of the limitations of servo system and motion control system. However the direct drive design of machine tool axes, which is based on linear motors and which recently appeared on the market, is a viable candidate to meet the ever increasing demands, because of these advantages such as no backlash, less friction, more mechanical simplicity and very higher acceleration and velocity comparing to the traditional system. This paper focused on the performance tests of the high speed horizontal machine tool based on linear motor. Especially, dynamic characteristics were investigated through circular test and circular form machining test is carried out considering many important parameter. Therefore these several experiments is used to be evaluated the model for prediction of circular motion error and circular machined error.