Cephradine Lysinate의 생체내 이용율에 관한 연구

梁在憲,韓順天 又石大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Cephradine is a new semisynthetic cephalosporins with antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative pathogenic microorganisms. Since cephradine and cephalexin are water insoluble Preparation for parenteral administration have previously been in the from of aqueous solution of an alkali metal more particularly sodium or potassium salt. but such solutions have in variably caused pain and side action when administered by in Jection. In order to increase the bioavailability of cephradine, the lysine salt of cephradine was prepared and compared with cephradine by determining solubility, dissolution rate, absorption rate of small intestine, blood concentration and antibacterial effect. The experimental results were summarized as followings. 1) The solubility of cephradine lysinate was increased by about times in water compared with that of cephradine. 2) The dissolution rate of cephradine lysinate was increased by about two times in simulated gastric fluid, intestinal fluid and pH 4.5 buffer solution compared with cephradine. 3) Cephradine lysinate showed about 50% higher absorption rate in small intestine than that of cephradine. 4) Blood concentration of cephradine lysinate was higher than of cephradine until 60minutes after oral administration. 5) Cephradine and cephradine lysinate have same antibacterial activity by the cylinder method. While, antibacterial activity of cephradine lysinate was higher than that of cephradine by the tablet disc method.

치자 엑스의 가수분해에 의한 피부투과 및 항염효과

양재헌,이남희 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

Geniposide and its related iridoid compounds have been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of Jaundice hepatic diseases and various inflammatorys. For the purpose to increase trandsdermal absorption, the hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Furcuts were identified and assayed of active ingredients and investigated trandsdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects. Geniposide was hydrolyzed to genipin by β-glucosidase and it was suggested that genipin was more suitableform than geniposide for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. Using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse, the permeation rate of hydrolyzed products and their emulsion preparation were determined. Genipin have more increased absorption ratio through the skin hairless mouse than geniposide. Also, the emulsion of hydrolyzed products of extracts showed higher permeability than that of nonhydrolyzed preparations. After 9 hours 280.85 ㎍/㎠ of genipin was absorbed and 193.52 ㎍/㎠ in case of geniposide. The Js of geniposide and genipin were 26.27±4.11 ㎍/㎠/hr and 40.35±5.04 ㎍/㎠/hr respectively. After carrageenan injection, the swelling was increased rapidly to 24 hr and maintained as a plateau. But emulsion group were reached about 2.5 mL and the swelling decreased successively from 24 hr to 72 hr. The anti-inflammation effects of extracts and hydrolyzed products emulsion were increased with significant difference with control group after 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr. In carrageenan induced edema, inhibition of swelling was increased in case of hydrolyzed product emulsion compare with nonhydrolyzed group at 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after swelling. In histological study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed products were remarkable at 48 hr and 72 hr compare with nonhydrolyzed. Hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Frucuts extract containing genipin would be a suitable preparation to increase the transdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects.

Berberine 含有生藥의 β-cyclodextrin 포접화합물의 生體利用率에 관한 硏究

양재헌,박선자,김영일 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

To increase the bioavailability of berberine inclusion complex were prepared and studied in this experiment. Inclusion complexes of berberine(BER) and methanol extract of Coptis Rhizomia(MEX) with B-cyclodextrin were prepared. The solubilities of BER and MEX were 0.14% and 1.79%, while those of BECD and MECD were 0.36 and 3.22% respectively. The lipid-water partition coefficients of Ber-B-CD indlusion complex(BECD) and MEX-B-CD inclusion complex(MECD) were more increased than BER and MEX respectively. The absorption rates of BECD and MECD in stomach, duodenum, and jejunum of rats were compared with those of BER and MEX, which were more increased than BER and MEX respectively. The times required for the maximum serum concentration fo berberine from BER, MEX, BECD and MECD in mice were 30 minutes after oral administration. The maximum serum concentrations of berberine from BECD and MECD were higher than those from BER and MEX respectively. BECD was shown more increased antibacterial activity to all the gram positive bacteria, gram begative bacteria and mold than BER,MECD was shown more increased antibacterial activity to only S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, E. coli than MEX. The dissolutions of BECD and MECD were higher than BER and MEX respectiely. Therefore, it suggest that preparing of inclusion complex brings to prevention of coprecititated formation and improvement fo bioavailability of berberine.

黃蓮解毒湯의 製劑化 및 品質管理에 관한 硏究

양재헌,박현구,김영일 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

A traditional prescription, Hwangryean-haedog-tang(HRHT) was composed of Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus(1.5:1.5:3.2) and it has been used in the treatment of hypertension. insomnia, mental disorder, medicinal poisoning, crapulence. The precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction of HRHT. This precipitatiion was very slightly soluble in water. Because this precipitated reaction decrease the effect of a gerbal medicine, the content of berberine and baicalin was determined in the precipitated product and supernatant. Berberine which active ingredient of Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex was identified and determined by HPLC using u-Bondapak C_18 column with acetonitrile:pH 5.2 phosphate buffer(60:40v/v). Baicalin which active ingredient of Scutellariae Radix was identified and determined by HPLC using u-Bondapak C_18 column with 0.5% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile(73:27v/v). The content of erberine in the coprecipitated product and supernatant were 11.6% and 1.5% and the content of baicalin were 20.7% and 2.4% respectively. To ingibit the precipitated reaction of HRHT. Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex were mixed and extracted whth hot water, it were made into gastric-coated granule, Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus mixed and extracted, it were made into enteric0coated granule.

방사선 측정 및 해석 연구 : 원자로 냉각수중의 방사능해석에 의한 결함핵연료봉의 평가 Assessment of Defected Fuel by Analysis of Reactor Coolant Activities

양재춘,오희필,전재식,이호연,오헌진,정문규,박해용 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

중성자와 우라늄의 핵반응에 의해 생성된 핵분열생성물의 물리적 특성을 이용하여 원자로 내의 핵연료 상태를 해석하는 모델을 개선하였다. 이 모델에서는 고체 핵연료 내에서 특정핵종의 핵분열생성물의 생성과 이것이 원자로 냉각재까지 방출되는 과정을 계산하고 추적하여 방사능농도와 결함 핵연료봉의 수를 관계짓는 방정식의 계수들을 결정한다. 핵분열생성물의 거동은 이탈(knock out)과 이동(migration) 두 부분으로 나누어 해석하였으며 트램프 우라늄의 영향을 분리할 수 있도록 하였다. 실측자료로는 가압 경수형 원자로인 고리 원자력발전소 1호기의 1차 냉각재를 분석해서 얻은 I-131과 I-133의 방사능 강도를 이용하였다. 이 실험자료와 위 방정식에서 구한 방사능 강도로부터 구한 결함 핵연료의 수는 제3주기에서 9.34±1.13개 제6주기에서 0.294±0.092개로 나타났다. An improved mothod of assessing fuel status by analyzsis of the fission product in the reactor coolant system is proposed. The release mechanism of specific fission products is established for determination of the coefficients in the equations which relate the radioactivities with the amount of detected fuel. Knock-out and migration models are employed in the formulation of the release mechanism. The influence of the tramp uranium is quantified. Sample calculations were made for KNU 1 reactor system using the I-131 and I-133 concentrations in the primary coolant. The estimated number of defected fuel pins in the third and sixth cycles appeared to be 9.34±1.13 and 0.294±0.092, respectively.

치자엑스 가수분해물 제제의 피부투과 및 생체 피부조직과의 교차결합에 관한 연구

양재헌,이남희 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.1

Gardeniae Fructus is consisted of geniposide and its derivatives. For the purpose of treatment of skin disease, geniposide and hydrolyzed products (HP) of Gardeniae Fructus were studied on skin permeation and crosslinking with biological tissue. The hydrolyzed products (HP) and active ingredients of Gardeniae Fructus were identified and investigated about skin permeability. Genipin has provided low cytotoxic crosslinking reagents and formed stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. The permeation enhancing effects of geniposide and genipin under the hydrolyzed products of cream and hydrogel preparations were tested using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse. The remaining pro-portions of geniposide and genipin were measured in the hydrolyzed products of cream and hydrogel preparations. The crosslinking of epidermic and endodermic tissue with genipin under the hydrolyzed prodcuts of cream and hydrogel preparation was observed using light microscopy. Increased absorption ratio of the skin of hairless mouse about genipin was higher than that of geniposide. Loads at break, tensile strengths and skin permeation rate of the hydrolyzed products (HP) of cream and hydrogel preparations were higher than the nonhydrolyzed products (NHP). The hydrolyzed products (HP) of cream and hydrogel of Gardeniae Fructus Extracts were proper preparations and crosslinking agents to increase the trans-dermal absorption with epidermic and endodermic tissue.

Lorazepam製劑의 安定性에 관한 硏究

梁在憲,嚴東玉 又石大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Lorazepam (7-chloro-5(0-chlorophenyl)-1.3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1.4-benzodiazepine-2-one) is a new minor tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. It is extensively used as a sedative and antianxiety agent in clinical practice. According to the pharmacology, Lozepam is superior to other benzodiazepines with respect to its anticonvulsant, muscle relaxing and antianxiety properties. The biological toxicity of Lorazepam is low and it's therapeutic index is high. For the research of Lorazepam preparation, we performed the tests of stability, high performance liquid chromatography, bioavailability, safety of five formulas of syrup and six formulas of injection of Lorazepam. Quantitative analysis of Lorazepam preparation is possible by spectrophotometric determination, but biological plasma level and impurity of thermolysis of Lozepam can be separated by using of high performance liquid chromatograph. To add saccharide in Lorazepam syrups is more effective for the prevention of thermolysis and sorbitol is more effective than other saccharides. Manufacturing Lorazepam injection, propyleneglycol is suitable to increase solubility of active ingredient and control of pH, and for stabilization of injection nicotinamide and PEG 1500 were more effective than other stabilizers. When Lorazepam syrup is orally administered to rabbit, it shows a high blood level after half an hour. Plasma level of Lorazepam is showed to be identical phase under various stabilizer when Lorazepam injection is intravenously administered to rat. It shows a substaining effect to add polyethylenglycol 400 and 1500 as stabilizer. PEG 1500 and Na_2S_2O_2 increased toxicity of Lorazepam injection, decreasing of LD_50 value in rat or mouse. Thiourea and nicotinamide have lower toxicity than other stabilizers in rate or mouse.

Norgestrel錠劑의 溶出에 관한 硏究

梁在憲 又石大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Norgestrel is a potent progestrone type contraceptive and presently gaining wide acceptance in therapeutic practice. In all cases it is prescribed in such low dosage level as to necessitate the availability of sensitive techniques for its evaluation. In the last few years when the spectrophotometric and fluorometric determination of steroids have been accomplished, many papers have been published on the analysis and separation of Norgestrel. This paper describes the analysis of Nortestrel by HPLC and observe the dissolution profile of Norgestrel tablet under various binders. The analytical procedure outlined in this paper afford a specific, quick and accurate assay for Norgestrel by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, commonly used in oral contraceptive preparation. The dissolution rate of Norgestrel tablet was increased b sodium starch glycollate in distilled water and simulated gastric juice.

醫藥品 製劑中 保存劑의 分離定量에 관한 硏究

梁在憲 又石大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Preservatives are materials added to pharmaceutical formulations to protect the product from microbial contamination. A given preservative material can be used in a wide variety of products and also may be used in combinations with other preservatives. It is currently of interest with in the pharmaceutical industry to assure that specific, stability indicating, and validated testing methods are available for antimicrobial preservatives. This study reports the development of a revers phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that quantitate the several antimicrobial preservatives benzoic acid (sodium benzoate), methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben and butyl paraben in a series of typical pharmaceutical formulations. The proportions of methanol and water as well as the type and amounts of modifiers are varied in order to achieve optimum chromatography. This method has been used successfully to quantitate preservatives in solutions, syrups, suspensions and injections, and can be readily adapted to routine automated assays either for routine product evaluation.

기간의 정함이 있는 고용계약에 관한 연구

양재헌 경희대학교 산업관계연구소 2010 産硏論叢 Vol.35 No.-

Through the rules of employment contract which has a certain period, the problems presenting today is instability of irregular jobs. This thesis has a focus on solving irregular job's employment instability which has to transfer jobs every 2 years because of the period limitation of transition to regular job according to present law of irregular jobs. This problem in employment period has the point in solving burden of transferring irregular jobs to regular jobs to user relatively. So the main rule has a point to guarantee employment flexibility and solve the employment instability which workers have to wander around through employment cycle like revolving doorsvery 2 years. For example, replacing legal maxim unemployment. We have to substitute 3 years mentioned in the civil law with the minimum employment period and maximum employment period. And maximum employment period, according to rule No.662 it can be renewed silently in same condition, and if the management performance is stable, it can retain in the long run comparatively, it can satisfy both users and workers. But to apply a law to corporations which have more than 5 employees, this revised plan can be applied by overall revision of the law about No.16:1year limitation and or 2nd clause of Article4: short term or part time workers or the 1st clause of Article6:2year limitation from the Labor Standard Act which is more special than the common law: the civil law. 기간의 정함이 있는 고용계약의 경우 현실적으로 대두되고 있는 문제는 비정규직의 고용불안이다. 현행 비정규직법(기간제법 및 파견제법의 통칭)에 의거 2년이라는 정규직 전환의 기간제한 때문에 2년 마다 직장을 옮겨야 하는 회전문식 순환고용에 대한 비정규직의 고용불안을 해소하는 데 역점을 두었다. 이러한 고용기간의 문제는 상대적으로 사용자에게 비정규직을 정규직으로 전환하게 되는 부담을 해소하게 하는데 핵심이 있다. 따라서 사용자에게는 고용의 유연성을 보장하고, 숙련된 노동력을 안정적이고 지속적인 활용이 가능하도록 하는 한편, 노무자에게는 2년 마다 반복되는 회전문식 순환고용으로 이곳저곳으로 떠돌아야 하는 고용불안을 해소하도록 하는데 제안취지가 있다. 민법상 3년이라는 최장고용기간을 최단고용기간과 최장고용기간으로 대체한다. 그리고 최장고용기간이 경과한 후에는 제662조에 의거 동일한 조건으로 묵시의 갱신이 가능하도록 함으로써 경영실적이 안정적일 경우 비교적 장기간동안 고용계약을 존속시킬 수 있기 때문에 사용자와 노무자 모두의 이해관계를 충족시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 다만 5인 이상의 사업장에 확대 적용하기 위해서는 근로기준법 제16조의 1년 제한규정과 기간제 및 단시간근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률(이하 ‘기간제법’) 제4조 제2항 및 파견근로자보호 등에 관한 법률(이하 ‘파견제법’) 제6조의2 제1항1호의 2년 제한에 대한 규정을 폐지해야 한다.