자기 효능의 개념 분석

서순림,이은남,박송자,양영희,이동숙,최은옥,구미옥,김인자,이인숙,김성재,박영임,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing progression has a great responsibility for helping clients to practice good health behavior. self efficacy was found to be potent predictor in initiating and maintaining the health-related behavior. Therefore, the concept is important in nursig intervention for change of health behavior. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, self efficacy. This study used Walder & Avant's process of concept analysis. Critical attributes of self efficacy were : 1) positive perception of his won capability; 2) intrapersonal strength; 3) possibility of being learned; 4) individuality; 5) specificity; 6) generalizability. Antecedents of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) new situation occurs; 2) individuals have needs to change the new situation; 3) there are some required actions in new situation. Consequences occurring as a result of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) individual initiates the of failure; 5) cope with the situation; 6) controls the situation; 7) the level of self efficacy is enhanced; 8) the level of self-esteem is enhanced.

Increased Affinity to Canalicular P-gp via Formation of Lipophilic Ion-Pair Complexes with Endogenous Bile Salts is Associated with Mw Threshold in Hepatobiliary Excretion of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Song, Im-Sook,Choi, Min-Koo,Jin, Qing-Ri,Shim, Won-Sik,Shim, Chang-Koo Springer-Verlag 2010 Pharmaceutical research Vol.27 No.5

Comparison of Gastrointestinal Permeability of Caffeine, Propranolol, Atenolol, Ofloxacin, and Quinidine Measured Using Ussing Chamber System and Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

( Im-sook Song ),( Young A Choi ),( Min-koo Choi ) 한국질량분석학회 2017 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop a cocktail approach for the measurement of the permeability of marker com-pounds, caffeine and propranolol (high permeability), ofloxacin (intermediate), atenolol (low), and quinidine (P-glycoprotein sub-strate), simultaneously. Then we compared the permeability in Caco-2 cells with that in rat intestinal segments. The difference between individual measurement and cocktail approach was less than 20 %, and the permeabilities of these compounds were similar to those previously reported, suggesting that the cocktail transport study and simultaneous drug analysis were successfully devel-oped and validated in this study. Additionally, in the application of this cocktail method, the permeability of five drugs in rat jeju-num was similar to that in ileum but different from that in colon, which was measured using the Ussing chamber system. Moreover, permeability in jejunum and ileum was similar to that in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, the permeability in Caco-2 cells was equivalent to the permeability in rat jejunum and ileum determined with the Ussing system. Therefore, this newly developed cocktail assay and its application to the Ussing system can be a useful tool for robust and rapid screening for site-specific permeability in rat intestine, thus accelerating the prediction of absorption of new chemical entities.

Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Sinusoidal Uptake of Organic Cations and Anions by Isolated Hepatocytes

Song, Im-Sook,Lee, In-Kyoung,Chung, Suk-Jae,Kim, Sang-Geon,Lee, Myung-Gull,Shim, Chang-Koo The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2002 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.25 No.6

The issue of whether or not the presence NOx (NO and oxidized metabolites) in the hepatocytes at pathological levels affects the functional activity of transport systems within the sinusoidal membrane was investigated. For this purpose, the effect of the pretreatment of isolated hepatocytes with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a spontaneous NO donor, on the sinusoidal uptake of tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA) and triethylmethyl ammonium (TEMA), representative substrates of the organic cation transporter (OCT), and taurocholate, a representative substrate of the $Na^+$/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), was measured. The uptake of TBuMA and TEMA was not affected by the pretreatment, as demonstrated by the nearly identical kinetic parameters for the uptake ($i.e., V_{max}, K_{m} and CL_{linear}$). The uptake of mannitol into hepatocytes was not affected, demonstrating that the membrane integrity remained constant, irregardless of the SNP prutreatment. On the contrary, the uptake of taurocholate was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment, resulting in a significant decrease in V_{max}$, thus providing a clear demonstration that NOx preferentially affects the function of NTCP rather than OCT on the sinusoidal membrane. A direct interaction between NOx and NTCP or a decrease in $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase activity as the result of SNP pretreatment might be responsible for this selective effect of NOx.

Comparison of Gastrointestinal Permeability of Caffeine, Propranolol, Atenolol, Ofloxacin, and Quinidine Measured Using Ussing Chamber System and Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Song, Im-Sook,Choi, Young A,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2017 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.2 No.4

The purpose of this study was to develop a cocktail approach for the measurement of the permeability of marker compounds, caffeine and propranolol (high permeability), ofloxacin (intermediate), atenolol (low), and quinidine (P-glycoprotein substrate), simultaneously. Then we compared the permeability in Caco-2 cells with that in rat intestinal segments. The difference between individual measurement and cocktail approach was less than 20 %, and the permeabilities of these compounds were similar to those previously reported, suggesting that the cocktail transport study and simultaneous drug analysis were successfully developed and validated in this study. Additionally, in the application of this cocktail method, the permeability of five drugs in rat jejunum was similar to that in ileum but different from that in colon, which was measured using the Ussing chamber system. Moreover, permeability in jejunum and ileum was similar to that in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, the permeability in Caco-2 cells was equivalent to the permeability in rat jejunum and ileum determined with the Ussing system. Therefore, this newly developed cocktail assay and its application to the Ussing system can be a useful tool for robust and rapid screening for site-specific permeability in rat intestine, thus accelerating the prediction of absorption of new chemical entities.

DM/PK Technology Platform for Drug Discovery and Development: In vitro to In vivo Approaches

SONG Im-Sook,BAE Soo-Kyung,SHON Ji-Hong,SHIN Jae-Gook 大韓藥學會 2009 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2009 No.2

Development of Jaspine B analysis using LC-MS/MS and its application: Dose-independent pharmacokinetics of Jaspine B in rats

Im-Sook Song,Ji-Hyeon Jeon,Jihoon Lee,Dong Yu Lim,Chul Haeng Lee,Dongjoo Lee,Min-Koo Choi 한국분석과학회 2021 분석과학 Vol.34 No.2

제주지역 학교급식 조리종사자의 HACCP 관련 지식 및 수행도 분석

송임숙(Song Im Sook),채인숙(Chae In Sook) 韓國營養學會 2008 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.41 No.8

본 연구는 학교급식 조리종사자들의 HACCP 관련 지식과 수행도에 대한 분석을 통하여 현재 학교급식에서 HACCP의 적용 실태를 파악하고, 조리종사자에게 필요한 교육 내용 및 방법을 규명하여 향후 학교급식에서 보다 체계적인 HACCP 시스템이 실행될 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 영양사의 연령은 30대가 60.8%로 절반 이상을 차지하였고, 경력은 10∼15년 미만이 31.9%, 학력에 있어서는 4년제 대학 졸업자가 60.4%로 나타났는데, 이는 영양교사화로 인하여 전문학사 자격소지 영양사들이 방송통신대학 및 4년제 대학교의 편입을 통하여 학사자격을 취득하였기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 고용상태는 정규직영양사가 62.6%로 나타났고 근무학교는 초등학교가 50.5%로 절반을 차지하였으며, 급식유형은 도시형이 59.3%이고, 급식관리 방식은 단독관리가 80.2%로 나타났다. 조리종사자의 연령은 만 41∼50세가 60.7%, 근무기간은 5∼10년 미만 (34.2%), 학력은 고졸 (77.2%), 고용상태는 비정규직 조리사 (42.2%)가 가장 많았고, 조리종사자의 53.3%가 자격증을 소지하고 있었다. 위생교육 실시횟수는 주 1회 이상 (48.4%)이, 교육방법은 구두교육 (40.7%)의 비율이 가장 높았고, 위생교육에서 HACCP이 차지하는 비중은‘많이 포함된다’가 53.8%로 나타났다. 조리종사자의 대부분 (98.1%)이‘위생교육 경험이 있다’고 응답하였고 HACCP 이해정도에 있어서는‘잘 이해한다’가 47.0%로 나타났으며 HACCP 관련 교육현황에서 모든 항목에 대하여 92% 이상의 높은 교육 실시율을 보였다. 조리종사자의 HACCP 지식수준은 평균 84.2점 (100점 만점)으로 나타나 보통 이상의 수준인 것으로 나타났으며 급식유형 (p 〈 .001), 근무기간 (p 〈 .05), 학력 (p 〈 .01), 고용상태 (p 〈 .001), 자격증 유무 (p 〈 .001), 학교별 (p 〈 .01)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 영양사의 교육 실시 횟수가 많을수록 (p 〈 .01), 조리종사자가 교육 경험이 있고(p 〈 .01), 교육 경험횟수가 많을 경우 (p 〈 .05), HACCP에 대하여‘매우 잘 이해한다’고 응답한 경우 (p 〈 .05)에 지식수준이 유의적으로 높았다. 조리종사자의 HACCP 수행도는 평균 4.40점 (5점 만점)으로 잘하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 영양사의 조리종사자의 HACCP 수행도에 대한 인지도 평균은 4.13점으로‘잘한다(4점)’에 근접한 것으로 조사되어, 영양사의 인지도가 유의적으로 낮았다 (p 〈 .001). 조사대상자의 수행도는 급식유형 (p 〈 .05), 고용상태 (p 〈 .05), 자격증유무 (p 〈 .01), 학교별 (p 〈 .01)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 위생교육 실시횟수가 증가할수록 (p 〈 .01), 교육방법에서 실연교육인 경우 (p 〈 .05)에 수행도가 유의적으로 높았고, 조리종사자가 교육 경험이 있고 (p 〈 .01), HACCP에 대하여‘매우 잘 이해한다’고 응답한 경우(p 〈 .001) 유의적으로 높은 수행도를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 살펴볼 때, 학교급식에서 위생교육을 실시하는 영양사의 인지도와 교육받은 내용을 실천에 옮겨야 하는 조리종사자의 실제 수행도간의 차이를 올바르게 인식하여 효과적인 HACCP 교육매체 개발 및 교육방법의 활용, 조리종사자의 수준 등을 고려한 체계적인 교육실시를 통한 위생관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purposes of this study were to (a) analyze school foodservice employees’ knowledge and performance degree of HACCP system and (b) provide the basic data for planning the strategies which can be performed for systematic HACCP system in school foodservice. For these purposes, the subjects included 91 dieticians (a response rate 98.9%) and 270 foodservice employees (a response rate 98.2%) at school in Jeju city and they were surveyed from October 21 to November 4, 2006. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA (Duncan multiple range test) and Pearson’s correlation coefficients using the SPSS Win Program (version 12.0). In terms of the number of training practice, the result of sanitary training indicated that the dieticians who trained the employees more than once per a week (48.6%) or everyday (36.3%) were 84.7%. And the dieticians who were higher age, full-time job, and working at middle school implemented significantly more training the employees. In the training methods, 40.7% of dieticians used the oral presentation and 37.4 % utilized the printed matters. Also, most of employees (98.1%) have experienced for the training, 39.6% of them did not have regular training experience and 40.7% of them responded that they were understanding the HACCP system well. The result of employees’ knowledge level of HACCP system reported that the items of the personal hygiene scored the highest (92.3 points) whereas the items of CCP3 scored the lowest (58.3 points) as the average being 84.2 points (out of 100 scale). In terms of the performance degree of HACCP system, the average was 4.40 (out of 5 scale), the items of the personal hygiene scored the highest as 4.51 whereas the items of CCP2 scored the lowest as 4.31 points. The dieticians’ perception degree of employees’ performance degree in HACCP system showed that the average was 4.13 (out of 5 scale), so it was significantly lower than actual performance degree as average 4.40 (out of 5 scale). Additionally the employees’ knowledge level was positively correlated to performance degree and employees’ knowledge level of CCP3, CCP4, and the personal hygiene significantly influenced to the HACCP performance degree. Finally, the dieticians have to recognize correctly the employees’ performance degree and on the basis of it must plan the sanitary training which has a proper contents and methods to enhance the employees’ knowledge level and achieve more systematic HACCP system in school foodservice.

유기양이온의 모델화합물인 TBuMA 와 TEMA 의 간 모세담관막 투과 과정 비교 : 간 모세담관막 소포계를 이용한 연구

송임숙(Im Sook Song),이민화(Min Hwa Lee),정석재(S . J . Chung),심창구(C . K . Shim) 한국약제학회 1998 한국약제학회 총회 및 학술대회 요지집 Vol.- No.28

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지역사회거주 여성의 비만도와 골밀도와의 관계

강현숙(Kang Hyun-Sook),김종임(Kim Jong-Im),박원숙(Bak Won-Sook),송라윤(Song Rha-yun),안양희(Ahn Yang-Heui),이인옥(Lee In-Ok),임난영(Lim Nan-Young),조경숙(Cho Kyung-Sook),최선하(Choi Sun-Ha),한상숙(Han Sang-Sook) 대한근관절건강학회 2007 근관절건강학회지 Vol.14 No.2