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DNA 수준에서 한국인 HLA-Class Ⅰ 대립유전자형 및 일배체형 분포 : the Molecular Basis
최희백,김형재,김태규,김창규,정태준,한훈 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1997 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The products of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) have been detected by the serological or cellular methods. With the evailability of DNA sequences for alleles of the HLA system, and with the development of molecular biological techniques it has been possible to define the genotypes in HLA genes. And the amplification of DNA using sequence-specific primers has been proved as a reliable and rapid method for typing of HLA class II genes. We studied the distribution of the HLA-A, -B, C genotypes on 114 unrelated individuals by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR). 13, 24 and 14 alleles in HLA-A, B and C genes were detected in normal Korean. The genotypes showing frequencies more than 18 percent were A*02(65.8%), A*24(02, 03) (41.2%), A*33(01, 02) (21.1%), A*11(01, 02) (20.2%), B*15(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/B52(011, 012) (21.9%), B815(01, 04, 05, 06, 07, 12, 19, 20) (19.3%), B*40(02, 04, 05, 06) (18.4%), Cw*08(01, 02, 03) (28.9%), Cw*0303(27.2%), Cw*0304(26.3%) and Cw*01(01, 02) (24.6%). And most common 2-loci hyplotypes with frequencies larger than 0.04 were A*02-B*15(02, 08, 11, 15) (HF: 0.045), A*24(02, 03)-B*51(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/*52(011, 012)(HF:0.044), B*51(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/*52 (011, 012)-Cw14(01, 02) (HF: 0.069). These results suggest that the DNA typing of HLA class I may be an efficient typing method compared with the conventional method.
김종백(Jong-Baeg Kim)․최희준(Hee Jun Choi) 한국비교교육학회 2008 比較敎育硏究 Vol.18 No.4
우리 주변에서 접할 수 있는 대부분의 이러닝 프로그램들은 강의법을 주된 교수방법으로 활용하고 있다. 이러닝 환경에서 강의법은 가장 효과적이지 못한 교수방법이라는 메타분석 연구결과 및 학습자의 능동적 참여만이 이러닝 프로그램의 성공을 보장할 수 있다는 학자들의 주장은 강의법 위주의 이러닝 프로그램의 학습효과에 의문을 제기하게 한다. 결국, 이러닝 프로그램의 질적 수준과 그 효과는 어떠한 페다고지를 적용하느냐에 따라 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 설계 연구(design research)를 통해 질적 개선을 추구하고 있는 미국의 이러닝 프로그램들이 어떠한 심리적 특성들을 공통적으로 반영하고 있는 지에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 이러닝 프로그램들의 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석된 미국의 이러닝 프로그램들은 공통적으로 구성주의 교육철학의 배경을 가지고 반성적 사고, 협력적 상호작용 공간, 지식 구성, 맥락적 행위, 외적 표상의 활용 등의 심리적 특성들을 강조하고 있었다. 즉, 경험주의 학습, 상황학습, 협력학습, 복합표상 학습 등은 국내 이러닝 프로그램의 개선을 위해서 고려해야 할 학습원칙들일 것이다. Many e-learning programs in Korea use lecture as a main instructional method. A meta-analysis study reports that e-learning programs using lectures were the most ineffective. In addition, many researchers in the field of distance education contend that the active participation of learners is the key to the success of e-learning. These imply why we can easily find many people who don't have good impression about e-learning. The quality of e-learning depends on the application of appropriate pedagogy. This study aims to present the implications for the improvement of e-learning programs in the Republic of Korea by analyzing the psychological characteristics reflected on the e-learning programs in the U. S. that have been improved through design research for a long time. The result shows that the e-learning programs in the U. S. have five major psychological aspects, i.e., reflective thinking, collaborative interaction, knowledge construction, situated action, and utilizing multiple representations. Consequently, this study suggests that e-learning programs in the Republic of Korea need to reflect learning principles such as learning by doing, situated learning, collaborative learning, learning with multiple representations in order to improve the quality.
최규용,정인식,양진모,정규원,김부성,최명규,방춘상,선희식,백남종 대한소화기내시경학회 1990 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.10 No.2
Carcinoid tumors arise from enterochromaffin cells that are located predominatly in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The vast majority of rectal carcinoid tumors are benign and can be safely treated by local excision. Lesions larger than 2 cm and invading the museular wall of the rectum should be considered malignancy and treated by more radical surgery such as abominoperined resection. We report 6 cases of rectal carcinoid tumor, three cases of them were less than 1 cm in size without metastasis. Two of these, small carcinoid tumor were treated with endoacopic polypectomy and one was treated with segmental resection. The others were 2.0 cm or larger in size with regional or liver mestasis. They were treated with segmental resection or electrical fugalization for tumor and transcatheter arterial embilization for liver metastasis or none.
( Hee Sun Jung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Myong Ki Baeg ),( Chul Hyun Lim ),( Jin Soo Kim ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( In Seok Lee ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( Kyu Yong Choi ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3
Background/Aims Obesity is regarded as an important contributor to the increasing occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aims of this study were to determine whether obesity is associated with gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and to identify the factors affecting increased acid exposure in obese patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring and esophageal manometry at Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital. Obesity was classified according to the Asia-Pacific criteria. Results A total of 366 patients were analyzed; 18 were underweight, 152 normal weight, 104 overweight, and 92 obese. Obesity was more frequent in men and younger patients. The percentage time of pH< 4 in the total, upright, and postprandial periods was significantly higher in obese patients than in normal or underweight patients. The DeMeester score was also higher in obese patients. Body mass index correlated positively with reflux parameters. Multivariate analysis showed that being male and obesity were significantly associated with abnormal acid exposure (P< 0.005). The total lower esophageal sphincter length shortened as body mass index increased (P< 0.005). The gastroesophageal pressure gradient increased as body mass index increased (P< 0.05). Conclusions Obesity is associated with increasing esophageal acid exposure. The mechanism responsible for the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity may be associated with shortening of the lower esophageal sphincter length and increasing the gastroesophageal pressure gradient. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:338-343)
( Hee Yoon Jang ),( Sook-hyang Jeong ),( Sung Ho Hwang ),( Ju Hyun Lee ),( Joo Yeong Baeg ),( Joong Mo Ahn ),( Jung Wha Chung ),( Jin- Wook Kim ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Youngrok Choi ),( Jai Young Cho ),( 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: This study investigated the effect of sarcopenia on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent curative or non-curative treatment. Methods: There were 2 sets of subjects (test and validation set) in the same center. The test set included curatively resected 160 HCC patients from 2003 to 2011. The validation set included 257 HCC patients who underwent curative or palliative treatment from 2012 to 2015. The cross-sectional areas of the bilateral psoas muscles at the third lumbar level were normalized for the patient’s height, and presented as psoas muscle index (PMI). Sex-specific cut-offs of PMI to define the sarcopenica were ascertained by the maximal chi-square method. Results: In the test set (n=160, curative resection, median age of 56 years, male 75%), the PMI (mean ± SD) was 4.78 ± 1.64 (males) and 2.91 ± 0.93 cm2/m2 (females), showing sarcopenic prevalence of 17.5%. In the validation set subjects (n=257, mostly non-curatively treated, median age of 60 years, male 80.9%), the PMI was 4.46 ± 1.25 (males) and 2.28 ± 0.81 (females), showing the sarcopenic prevalence of 57.2%. The 5-year overall survival rate in the sarcopenic group (52.2%) was significantly lower than in the nonsarcopenic group (76.5%) (P=0.008) in the test set, which was confirmed in the validation set (65.2% vs. 80.3%, respectively, P=0.004). Moreover, sarcopenia was an independent factor for poor survival in both test [(hazard ratio (HR), 2.374, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.308- 4.309, P=0.004) and validation set (HR, 2.035, 95% CI 1.047- 3.958, P=0.036). However, recurrence free survival was not different according to the sarcopenia in both test and validation set. Conclusions: Sarcopenia measured by PMI predicts poor survival in Korean HCC patients who underwent curative or non-cu-rative treatment. Therefore, nutritional support and exercise enforcement for HCC patients may improve the survival of HCC patients.
혈청 음성 Celiac 병을 의심하는 소장 융모 위축과 연관된 단백상실장병증 1예
한성희 ( Sung Hee Han ),이오영 ( Oh Young Lee ),은창수 ( Chang Su Eun ),노병주 ( Byoung Joo Roh ),손원 ( Won Sohn ),백승삼 ( Seung Sam Baeg ),윤병철 ( Byung Chul Yoon ),최호순 ( Ho Soon Choi ) 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.1
Protein losing enteropathy is described as a diverse group of disorders associated with excessive loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The etiology of protein losing enteropathy is various. Increased mucosal permeability to protein as a result of cell damage, mucosal erosion, or lymphatic obstruction may develop protein losing enteropathy. Celiac disease is a common cause of protein losing enteropathy associated with small bowel villous atrophy in Europe. We experienced a case of protein losing enteropathy associated with small bowel villous atrophy of unknown origin. A 36-year-old woman was admitted due to chronic watery diarrhea and weight loss. Laboratory findings showed total protein 4.7 g/dL, albumin 2.7 g/dL, cholesterol 100 mg/dL, WBC 6,000/mm3 (lymphocyte 13.6%) with the absence of proteinuria. On esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination, duodenal ulcer scar was noted on the bulb and colonoscopic finding was nonspecific. On small bowel enteroscopy, jejunal and ileal villi was scantly noticed. Small bowel biopsy showed marked villous atrophy. Her symptoms did not improve after supportive care. Gluten free diet was tried because celiac disease could not be ruled out completely. Diarrhea ceased and body weight regained after gluten free diet. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;49:31-36)