연구논문(硏究論文) : "클라우드법 제정안"의 주요내용과 검토과제

박종찬 ( Jong Chan Park ),정민호 ( Min Ho Jeong ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2012 법학논총 Vol.36 No.2

Cloud computing service is a kind of service in which various resources of IT are rented as much as they are needed for use, and paid as much as they are used. Cloud computing service has become a hot business trend in recent years. But cloud computing is not an invented technology which is newly, it is a discovered technology from established IT technologies. No one can describe exactly how the future life will be exchanged by cloud computing service. Anyway Cloud computing has the pontential to transform a large part of our life. Korea Communications Commission prepared legislative notice and a public hearing was conducted by a single law with respect to the cloud computing service. This article is to discuss the bill surrounding cloud computing service recently to be enacted. Cloud computing on the technical aspects of the approach and discuss has been significant progress, but discussion about the legal aspects of the service element is short. Our goal in this article intends to give a general overview on the bill surrounding cloud service and to give a detailed analysis. Legal issue on the cloud computing occurs in many fields. Existing laws have limits to govern cloud computing service. Cloud computing has issues-Privacy, Security and so on. Observance of korea Personal Information Protection Act is required of everyone. but legislator made the law did know cloud computing. "Promotion of Information&Communications and Personal Information Protection Act" assort Enterprises in Information & Telecommunication Industries into three groups-common carrier, special category telecommunications service provider, value added common carrier. cloud computing service provider is a value added common carrier in Information&Communications Act, but this is problem. The meaning of cloud computing is ambiguous. Cloud computing definitions vary, but our definition is as follows. Cloud computing provides flexible, location independent access to computing resources that are quickly and seamlessly allocated or released in response to demand. Cloud Computing technology and Cloud Service must be distinguished. The contents above are accepted by the bill surrounding cloud service. This paper argued the main contents of the bill surrounding cloud computing service and analyzed about the challenges that need to be discussed further.

클라우드 서비스에 관한 법적 연구 -계약법상 쟁점을 중심으로-

박종찬 ( Jong Chan Park ),정민호 ( Min Ho Jeong ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구소 2012 과학기술법연구 Vol.18 No.2

클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술의 발전은 IT 자원의 아웃소싱을 가능하게 하였고, 클라우드 서비스 계약은 저작물의 이용방법을 하나의 독자적인 물건의 이용방식으로부터 총체적인 서비스 이용방식으로 변화하도록 요구하는 의미를 갖고 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 이미 상용화되어 널리 활용되고 있으며 사회적으로 많은 이슈가 되고 있는 분야이지만 지금까지 이에 관한 연구는 정보기술분야나 기업실무에서 주로 이루어졌다. 그러나 클라우드 컴퓨팅이 안고 있는 많은 법적 위험과 문제에 대해 법학, 특히 계약법 영역에서의 연구는 절실하며, 본 논문에서는 이에 관한 기본틀을 제시하고 밑그림을 그리고자 하였다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술이 기존의 컴퓨팅 기술의 발전에 기인한 것인 만큼 그 법제도적인 측면에서도 종래의 법 영역에 포섭되는 부분이 다수 존재하는데, 민간분야에 있어서는 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률, 전기통신사업법, 통신비밀보호법, 전자금융거래법 등에 의해 규율을 받고, 공공분야에 있어서는 전자정부법, 정보통신기반보호법, 공공기관의 개인정보보호에 관한 법률 등에 의해 규율을 받을 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술로 서비스를 제공할 경우 법리상 가장 문제되는 영역은 계약법이라 판단된다. 아직 많은 문헌에서 혼재되어 사용되고 있기는 하지만, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 클라우드 서비스를 구별하여 사용하여야만 법적 문제의 해결에 있어 더욱 논리적 기반이나 개념이 확실해 질 것으로 생각된다. 클라우드 서비스는 소프트웨어 등을 이용자의 컴퓨터에 저장하지 않고, 서비스 제공자로부터 제공받아 이용하고 그에 따른 이용료를 지급하는 서비스를 의미하며, 유상성을 전제로 하는 것이 원칙이다. 클라우드 서비스 계약은 신종계약인 서비스 계약의 하나로서 일차적으로 서비스 계약의 성질을 가지나, 클라우드 서비스로 제공되는 것이 소프트웨어 등이므로 이에 따른 법적 해석론을 펼쳐야 할 것이다. 클라우드 서비스 계약에 대한 성질을 파악하고 법리 적용시 기존 전형계약과의 상관성을 통한 해석만으로는 문제해결에 어려움이 따를 것으로 생각된다. Cloud computing has the pontential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attaractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hareware and software in the data center that provide those services. Legal issue on the cloud computing occurs in intellectual property and contract law. Copyright exhaustion doctrine will be more difficult to be applied under the cloud computing environment. Our goal in this article intends to give a general overview on cloud service and to give a detailed analysis on various contractual issues. The meaning of ``cloud computing`` is ambiguous. There is no clear definition on cloud computing. Above all, Cloud Computing technology and Cloud Service must be distinguished. Cloud Service is a kind of service contract. Therefore It means that the problem of cloud service should be applied to contract law and theory. It is difficult to judging breach of contract. Service Level Agreement(SLA) on cloud computing service is very important to take a strict judge of a breach of contract. And usually cloud service is subject to payment. When deciding the contents of cloud service, General Clauses Regulation Act should be examined. Specifically, unfair clause is a problem. Legal issues on the cloud service need to be solved through interpretation of the contract law and theory.

Sale Mode Choice of Product Extended Warranty based on the Service Level

Li Jie 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.8

Based on master-slave two-echelon supply chain, set a separate price for product extended warranty, and form both a product reflecting the risk avoidance by the customer and the demand function for product extended warranty. Study how service level tends to influence double marginal effect and complementary effect of the supply chain. And further analyze how service level tends to influence the sale mode choice of product extended warranty by the manufacturer and provide theories on the decision making for the manufacturer.

네크워크 로봇서비스의 법적 구조

정진근(Jeong Jin Keun) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2006 江原法學 Vol.23 No.-

As 'Network Robot Service' marketing is started, we should discuss about legal system of network robot services and provide the legal interpretation for network robot services. It will be helpful for preventing from legal dispute in advance. Legal system of 'Network Robot Service' is consist of several business areas and users, such as Robot Platform Provider(RPP), Service Platform Provider(SPP), Telecommunication Service Provider(TSP) and S/W and contents provider(CP). Each party would have some liability on the system of transaction and we should explain the Legal system among each parties and their liability and duty. If we can explain about the liability and duty of each party, we can obtain some conclusion for new legislation and modification of our system in addition that we can prevent from legal dispute in advance. Therefor, I studied on the legal system about problems between Network Robot Service and Users, problems on warranty and Product Liability(PL) between Robot Platform Provider and Users, problems on execution of contract and breach of contract between Service Platform Provider and Users, problems on payment of damages between Telecommunication Service Provider and Users and, at last, liability of Contents Provider.

디지털계약에서의 담보책임 - 유럽연합의 디지털지침 및 우리 계약법에 대한 시사점 -

김진우(Kim, Chin-Woo),곽창렬(Kwak, Chang-ryel) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.61 No.-

유럽연합 집행위원회(EU Commission)는 2015. 12. 9. “유럽 디지털 단일 시장 전략”의 일환으로 「디지털콘텐츠 공급의 계약법적 측면에 관한 입법지침안」을 공고하였다. 이후 약 3년 5개월에 걸쳐 집중적인 검토를 한 끝에 2019. 5. 20. 「디지털콘텐츠 및 디지털서비스 공급의 계약법적 측면에 관한 입법지침」을 채택하였다. 지침은 다수의 법질서에서 거의 규율되지 않은 채로 머물러 있는 디지털콘텐츠 및 디지털서비스 공급에 관한 B2C 계약을 선구적으로 규율했다는 점에서 우리에게도 상당한 입법적 시사점을 준다. 본 연구는 지침의 주된 규율대상인 디지털계약에서의 담보책임을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 구체적으로 계약적합성, 계약위반에 대한 구제수단, 증명책임, 급부내용의 변경을 살펴보았다. 지침안과 비교할때 지침의 획기적인 변화는 객관적 하자 기준을 주관적 하자 기준과 동등하게 취급하고 있다는 데 있다. 그러나 이것은 우리 법이 모범으로 삼을 것은 아니다. 지침의 또 다른 특징은 업데이트 문제를 규율한 점이다. 우리의 입법에서는 이에 관하여 더욱 구체화할 필요가 있다. The European Commission proposed the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on 9 December 2015 in the context of the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe and the directive was adopted on 20 May 2019 after an intensive review for about three and a half years. This newly adopted directive in Europe has a remarkable legislative implication in Korea since it is an unprecedented directive that regulates contracts between traders and consumers for the supply of digital content or a digital service. Unlike the proposal, subjective and objective requirements for conformity are deemed equally in the directive, but this change is not the one that has to be considered in Korean law. What Korean legislators need to pay attention and study further is how the directive stipulates issues regarding updates.

디지털콘텐츠 계약법에 관한 민법 개정안 소고

이재호(Jae-Ho Lee) 한국재산법학회 2023 재산법연구 Vol.39 No.4

우리는 상상할 수 없을 정도로 빠르게 기술과 문화가 진화하는 디지털 사회에 살고 있다. 우리의 사법도 이러한 급격한 변화에 대응할 수 있도록 변화해야 한다. 이와 관련하여 법무부는 2022년 12월 디지털콘텐츠 및 디지털서비스 제공계약을 규율하기 위한 “디지털콘텐츠 계약법”을 도입하는 민법 개정안을 입법 예고하였다. 독일은 2022년 초 EU디지털지침의 국내법 전환작업으로 디지털제품 계약에 관한 독일 민법개정을 시행하였다. 독일 민법개정은 EU디지털지침을 바탕으로 디지털계약을 반영하는 입법적 노력이 투여되었을 뿐만 아니라 기존 민법의 내용과 체계적 정합성을 맞추기 위한 노력이 투여된 결과물이다. 이러한 점에서 독일 민법의 내용과 형식은 우리 법에 시사하는 바가 아주 크다. 이에 우리 민법개정안을 독일 민법의 내용과 비교법적으로 검토하고 평가해 보고, 3가지 측면에서 보완 필요성을 제시하고자 한다. 우선, 입법목적으로 이용자 보호를 주장하고 있으나 실질적인 보호에는 미흡하다. 디지털계약의 담보책임을 도입하였으나, 이를 입증하기 위한 제품의 하자를 확정하기 위한 하자의 개념과 기준을 세부적으로 제시하지 못했다. 나아가 이용자 보호를 위하여 디지털제품의 제공 및 하자에 대한 입증책임을 제공자에게 전환하거나, 이용자의 입증책임을 완화하는 개정이 필요하다. 다음으로, 디지털제품의 특성을 제대로 반영하는 개정안이 되어야 한다. 즉, 개정안은 디지털제품 개념의 신설, 디지털제품의 업데이트 제공 그리고 제공자의 변경권 등을 추가하였다. 개정안은 사용자의 급부에 대한 이용자의 반대급부로 대가를 규정하고 있으나 일상적으로 이루어지는 디지털서비스 이용의 대가로 개인데이터로 결제의 가능성을 열어두지 않았다는 점을 지적하고 싶다. 또한 디지털제품의 재생산에 추가비용이 들지 않는 점을 고려하여 제공자의 제품 변경에 대하여 이용자에게는 추가적 비용을 부과하지 않아야 한다. 마지막으로 제품의 하자로 인해 계약이 종료되는 경우, 개정안은 이용자와 제공자간의 반환관계에 대하여 규정하지 아니하였다. 또한, 제공자의 담보책임과 관련하여 손해배상도 특별히 규정하지 않았다. 새로이 도입되는 디지털제품 제공계약 개정안이 기존의 민법규정과 조응될 수 있도록 보완되어야 한다. We live in a digital society. Korea Civil Code must be changed to respond to rapid changes in our society. In December 2022, the Ministry of Justice made a legislative notice of an amendment to the Civil Act to introduce the “Digital Contents Contract” to regulate contracts for the provision of digital contents and digital services. In this regard, in early 2022, Germany implemented a revision of the German Civil Code regarding digital product contracts as a domestic law conversion work for the EU Directive. The revised German Civil Code is the result of not only legislative efforts to reflect digital contracts based on the EU Directive, but also efforts to match the contents of the existing German Civil Code and systematic consistency. In this Points, the content and form of the German Civil Code have great implications for our Civil Code. Therefore, i would like to evaluate our Civil Code revision in a comparative manner with the contents of the German Civil Code, and present the need for supplementation in three aspects. First of all, user protection is claimed for legislative purposes, but practical protection is insufficient. The responsibility for the warranty of Digital Contracts was introduced, but the concept and criteria for defects to prove it were not presented in detail. Furthermore, for the practical protection of users, The burden of proof of providing digital products and defects of digital products must be shifted to the provider or to ease the burden of proof for users. Next, it should be amended that properly reflects the characteristics of digital products. In other words, the amendment added a new concept of digital products, provision of digital product updates, and the provider's right to change products. The amendment stipulates compensation as a user's return to the user's benefit. However, it did not stipulate the possibility of payment with personal data in exchange for digital services. Considering that there is no additional cost for reproduction of a digital product, no additional cost should be imposed on the user for changing the product of the provider. Lastly, when the contract is terminated due to a defect in the product, the amendment did not stipulate the return relationship between the user and the provider. The new provisions of digital products contract must be supplemented to match the existing civil code.

Cost Analysis on Warranty Policies Using Freund's Bivariate Exponential Distribution

Park, Minjae,Kim, Jae-Young The Korean Society for Quality Management 2014 품질경영학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Purpose: In this paper, the minimal repair-replacement warranty policy is used to carry out a warranty cost analysis with warranty servicing times and failure times that are statistically correlated to bivariate distributions. Methods: Based on the developed approach by Park and Pham (2012a), we investigate the property of the Freund's bivariate exponential distribution and obtain the number of warranty services using the field data to conduct the warranty cost analysis. Results: Maximum likelihood estimates are presented to estimate the parameters and the warranty model is investigated using a Freund's bivariate exponential distribution. A numerical example is discussed to deal with the applicability of the developed approach in the paper. Conclusion: A novel approach of analyzing the warranty cost is proposed for a product in which failure times and warranty servicing times are used simultaneously to investigate the eligibility of a warranty claim.

Cost Analysis on Warranty Policies Using Freund`s Bivariate Exponential Distribution

( Min Jae Park ),( Jae Young Kim ) 한국품질경영학회 2014 품질경영학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Purpose: In this paper, the minimal repair-replacement warranty policy is used to carry out a warranty cost analysis with warranty servicing times and failure times that are statistically correlated to bivariate distributions. Methods: Based on the developed approach by Park and Pham (2012a), we investigate the property of the Freund`s bivariate exponential distribution and obtain the number of warranty services using the field data to conduct the warranty cost analysis. Results: Maximum likelihood estimates are presented to estimate the parameters and the warranty model is investigated using a Freund`s bivariate exponential distribution. A numerical example is discussed to deal with the applicability of the developed approach in the paper. Conclusion: A novel approach of analyzing the warranty cost is proposed for a product in which failure times and warranty servicing times are used simultaneously to investigate the eligibility of a warranty claim.

Cost Analysis on Warranty Policies Using Freund's Bivariate Exponential Distribution

박민재,김재영 한국품질경영학회 2014 품질경영학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Purpose: In this paper, the minimal repair-replacement warranty policy is used to carry out a warranty costanalysis with warranty servicing times and failure times that are statistically correlated to bivariatedistributions. Methods: Based on the developed approach by Park and Pham (2012a), we investigate the property of theFreund’s bivariate exponential distribution and obtain the number of warranty services using the field datato conduct the warranty cost analysis. Results: Maximum likelihood estimates are presented to estimate the parameters and the warranty modelis investigated using a Freund’s bivariate exponential distribution. A numerical example is discussed to dealwith the applicability of the developed approach in the paper. Conclusion: A novel approach of analyzing the warranty cost is proposed for a product in which failure timesand warranty servicing times are used simultaneously to investigate the eligibility of a warranty claim.

Cost analysis on renewable warranty policies subject to imperfect strategies using inter-failure intervals

Minjae Park 한국신뢰성학회 2013 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, cost analysis is conducted using inter-failure interval under renewable warranty subject to imperfect repair for multi-component system. One way to model the imperfect repair is to use the quasi-renewal process (Wang and Pham 1996). Two alternative quasi-renewal processes were suggested by Park and Pham (2010) using quasi-renewal process; first is an altered quasi-renewal process with random variable parameter and second is a mixed quasi-renewal process considering replacement service and repair service, simultaneously. In this study, we use the altered and mixed quasi-renewal processes and develop the warranty cost model to obtain the expected value of warranty cost and to help company make important decisions regarding the warranty policy. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology derived in the paper.