2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 물리학 교과서에 제시된 열역학 주요 개념의 정의 및 설명

이봉우,김희경 한국물리학회 2019 새물리 Vol.69 No.9

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the thermodynamic concepts presented in the physics textbooks according to the 2015 revised science curriculum and to draw implications for physics teaching. For this purpose, we analyzed the thermodynamic contents related to the laws of thermodynamics in 13 kinds of physics textbooks in terms of the types of definitions and the explanations of related terms. The results of this study are as follows: First, ‘internal energy’, ‘first law of thermodynamics’, and ‘thermal efficiency’, which are content elements of the curriculum, were defined in all textbooks, but other terms were used without definition in some textbooks. Second, many terms were differently defined or had mixed definitions. Third, the results that the first law of thermodynamics was expressed as Q = ΔU +W and the second law of thermodynamics was presented as the Calvin-Planck statement showed that the thermodynamics contents were described mainly by using the heat engine. 본 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 따른 물리학 교과서에 제시된 열역학 개념의 정의와설명의 특징을 알아보고 물리교육에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 물리학 교과서 13종에제시된 열역학 내용을 열역학 제1법칙과 열역학 제2법칙으로 나누어 관련 용어의 정의 여부와 관련 개념의설명 방법을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 교육과정의 내용 요소로 제시된 ‘내부 에너지’, ‘열역학 제1법칙’, ‘열효율’ 등은 모든 교과서에서 정의가 제시되어 있지만, 다른 용어들은 정의 없이 사용되는 경우가 있었다. 둘째, 동일한 용어가 다르게 정의되거나 혼용되어 사용된 사례가 많았다. 셋째, 열역학 제1법칙의 식 표현(Q = ΔU + W)이나 열역학 제2법칙을 캘빈-플랑크 진술로 제시한 것과 같이 열역학 내용은 열기관을중심으로 기술되어 있었다.

아스팔트 혼합물 실린더 시편을 이용한 열역학적 이론의 적용 및 검증

윤태영,유평준 한국도로학회 2014 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

PURPOSES: Evaluation of thermal conductivity and convection properties of asphalt mixture by using thermodynamics. METHODS: In this research, temperature prediction model based on thermodynamics is derived for asphalt mixture in transient state and itis verified with laboratory test results. RESULTS: The derived temperature prediction model shows good agreement with laboratory test results. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the derived model based on thermodynamics and thermal properties in the literature are good enoughto capture temperature variation in laboratory test. The approach based on thermodynamics can be applied to more complex temperaturesimulations.

Order through Fluctuation: Social Evolution in Florence in George Eliot’s Romola

김혜라 한국영어영문학회 2023 영어 영문학 Vol.69 No.3

Although George Eliot scholarship has been developing its discussions with a variety of topics, the relation between Eliot and science has not yet been much explored. To enrich current Eliot scholarship, this essay examines Eliot’s Romola (1862) within the Victorian thermodynamic popularization rhetoric, which connects thermodynamics to society. In the mid-nineteenth century, Victorian physicists have suggested a conceptual link between thermodynamic principles and society as a way of social prophecy: whether society goes toward order or disorder. While taking into account the nineteenth century thermodynamics’ definitions of order and disorder, this essay more importantly draws upon Belgian physicist Ilya Prigogine’s (1918-2003) reconceptualized thermodynamics that complicates the classical thermodynamics and suggests the alternative term: the spontaneous order out of disorder. This theoretical term will be further applied to the analysis of the main historical event – Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola’s social renovation – in Renaissance Florence in Romola. In analyzing the chained process of the spontaneous order out of disorder in the evolution of Savonarola’s reform, I argue that the microscopic evolving process of Savonarola’s renovation represents a macroscopic social evolution in Florence, which undergoes the continual evolving process, as well. At the end, I conclude that Eliot’s recreation of Renaissance Florence in Romola is her own attempt to prophesy the directions and ways of social evolution in the middle of rapid change and increasing complexities during her times. Therefore, this essay is an interdisciplinary case study that intersects in the three different areas of literary analysis, historical study, and thermodynamic theory.

예제를 통해 본 학부 기계공학 교육에서 열역학 법칙의 소개순서에 대한 논평

박경근 한국공학교육학회 2018 공학교육연구 Vol.21 No.2

A few thermodynamics texts are commonly found to have unrealistic example problems in which the process violates the second law of thermodynamics. This error would result from presentation order in the text which introduces first the first law for cycles, systems, and control volumes and then the second law later. In the presentation order, the example problems deal only with the first law without telling whether the process violates the second law. To correct this erroneous situation, it could be recommended to present the first law and the second law successively so that both laws could be applied simultaneously to the given example problems.

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Lysozyme Adsorption onto Two Kinds of Weak Cation Exchangers

Yong-Mei Cheng,Xiong-Hua Jin,Dong Gao,Hai-Feng Xia,Jing-Hua Chen 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.5

The present work investigated the adsorption behaviors of lysozyme onto weak cation exchangers at different temperatures. The adsorption isotherm, adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics were studied. The results indicate that the adsorption of lysozyme onto acrylic acid copolymer based beads (Hydrolite D115) is spontaneous and exothermic, while that onto agarose based beads (CM Sepharose 6 Fast Flow) is also spontaneous, but endothermic. The pseudo second-order kinetic model fits well to the dynamic adsorption experimental data, and the kinetic results are also in concert with the adsorption thermodynamics.

아스팔트 혼합물 실린더 시편을 이용한 열역학적 이론의 적용 및 검증

윤태영,유평준 한국도로학회 2014 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

PURPOSES: Evaluation of thermal conductivity and convection properties of asphalt mixture by using thermodynamics. METHODS: In this research, temperature prediction model based on thermodynamics is derived for asphalt mixture in transient state and it is verified with laboratory test results. RESULTS: The derived temperature prediction model shows good agreement with laboratory test results. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the derived model based on thermodynamics and thermal properties in the literature are good enough to capture temperature variation in laboratory test. The approach based on thermodynamics can be applied to more complex temperature simulations.

Local thermodynamics of KS black hole

Eune, M.,Gwak, B.,Kim, W. North-Holland Pub. Co 2013 Physics letters: B Vol.718 No.4

We study the thermodynamics of the KS black hole which is an asymptotically flat solution of the HL gravity. In particular, we introduce a cavity to describe the thermodynamics at a finite isothermal surface on general ground and to get a well-defined thermodynamics. We show that there exists a locally stable small black hole which tunnels to the hot flat space below the critical temperature and to the large black hole above the critical temperature. Moreover, it turns out that the remnant decays into the vacuum through a quantum tunneling.

Nonexistence and non-decoupling of the dissipative potential for geo-materials

Liu, Yuanxue,Zhang, Yu,Wu, Runze,Zhou, Jiawu,Zheng, Yingren Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.4

Two fundamental issues exist in the damage theory of geo-material based on the concept of thermodynamics: existence or nonexistence of the dissipation potential, and whether the dissipation potential could be decoupled into a damage potential and a plastic one or not. Thermodynamics theory of elastoplastic damage assumes the existence of dissipation potential, but the presence of dissipation potential is conditional. Based on the dissipation inequality in accord with the second law of thermodynamics, the sufficient and necessary conditions are given for the existence of the dissipation potential separately in total and incremental forms firstly, and proved strictly in theory. With taking advantage of the basic mechanical properties of geo-materials, the nonexistence of the dissipative potential is verified. The sufficient and necessary conditions are also given and proved for the decoupling of the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total and incremental forms. Similarly, the non-decoupling of the dissipation potential has also been proved, which indicates the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total or incremental forms could not be decoupled into a dissipative potential for plasticity and that for damage respectively. The research results for the fundamental issues in the thermodynamics theory of damage will help establish and improve the theoretic basis of elastoplastic damage constitutive model for geo-materials.

Nonexistence and non-decoupling of the dissipative potential for geo-materials

Liu, Yuanxue,Zhang, Yu,Wu, Runze,Zhou, Jiawu,Zheng, Yingren Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.5

Two fundamental issues exist in the damage theory of geo-material based on the concept of thermodynamics: existence or nonexistence of the dissipation potential, and whether the dissipation potential could be decoupled into a damage potential and a plastic one or not. Thermodynamics theory of elastoplastic damage assumes the existence of dissipation potential, but the presence of dissipation potential is conditional. Based on the dissipation inequality in accord with the second law of thermodynamics, the sufficient and necessary conditions are given for the existence of the dissipation potential separately in total and incremental forms firstly, and proved strictly in theory. With taking advantage of the basic mechanical properties of geo-materials, the nonexistence of the dissipative potential is verified. The sufficient and necessary conditions are also given and proved for the decoupling of the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total and incremental forms. Similarly, the non-decoupling of the dissipation potential has also been proved, which indicates the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total or incremental forms could not be decoupled into a dissipative potential for plasticity and that for damage respectively. The research results for the fundamental issues in the thermodynamics theory of damage will help establish and improve the theoretic basis of elastoplastic damage constitutive model for geo-materials.

열역학 제2 법칙, 어떻게 이해하고 가르쳐야 하나?

구현모 ( Koo Hyearn-maw ) 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 2016 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.33 No.2

열역학 제2 법칙에 대한 설명은 종종 개념의 혼란을 일으킨다. 그 원인은 이 특이한 물리 법칙이 비평형 현상을 내포하고 있기 때문인데, 보통 평형 열역학만 배우는 학부 과정에서는 이 비평형 현상을 `비가역 과정`이란 용어를 사용하여 간단히 설명한다. 이 논문에서는 통계역학 개념을 배제한 고전 열역학의 틀 안에서 열역학 제2 법칙을 이해하고자 한다. 그리고 이 법칙의 핵심이 되는 `엔트로피 변화`에 대하여, 일반 강의나 교과서에서 범하기 쉬운, 개념의 오류를 지적하고자 한다. The second law of thermodynamics can cause some conceptual confusion in explaining it. It is because the peculiar law of physics includes nonequilibrium phenomena, which are usually explained simply by using another term, `irreversible process` in the undergraduate classroom. In this article we try to understand the second law of thermodynamics in the frame of the `classical thermodynamics` without any concepts of statistical mechanics. And we are going to point out some conceptual mistakes which are often made in the classroom and thermodynamic texts when explaining the core of the law, `the entropy change`.