韓國語近義詞硏究綜述

戰錚 동아인문학회 2024 동아인문학 Vol.66 No.-

his article analyzes more than two hundred dissertations and academic papers related to Korean synonyms using the literature analysis method and reviews the domestic and international research status on Korean synonyms over the past fifty years(1970~2023) in terms of synonym terminology, synonym definitions, synonyms types, synonyms identification, synonyms comparison, synonyms error, synonyms teaching, and synonyms dictionaries. Finally, the paper points out that the current research on Korean synonyms has such shortcomings as lack of clear definition of synonyms, lack of research on groups of synonyms, insufficient research on the classification of synonyms based on word classes, insufficiently clear frameworks of synonyms identification in different word classes, insufficiently rich cross-linguistic comparative research on synonyms, insufficiently in-depth research on synonyms teaching for Chinese learners, and lack of flexible application of various synonyms teaching methods. In addition, the study also makes suggestions for future research to provide some references for the study and teaching of Korean synonyms.

한국어 정도부사의 유의어 교육방안 연구

양선희 한국어문화교육학회 2013 한국어문화교육 Vol.7 No.2

본 논문은 한국어 유의 관계 부사 중에서 정도부사의 교육 방안을 연구하고자 한다. 각 유의어군의 말뭉치(corpus)의 용례를 바탕으로 의미 변별 기준을 제시하고, 현재 한국어 교육에서 유의 관계 정도부사 교육현황과 사용실태를 살펴본다. 그리고 이 자료를 바탕으로 한국어 수업 시간에 활용할 수 있는 유의 관계 정도부사의 교육 방안을 마련하고자 한다. This study focuses on high-frequency synonyms of degree adverbs among Korean adverbs, which have been now used in Korean language textbooks, to investigate their meaning differences. In this regard, its purpose is to give discriminating criteria of meanings, based on examples of corpus, and to prepare methods for teaching synonyms of degree adverbs according to the data. With the increasingly emphasized importance of vocabularies in the second language learning, many studies on vocabulary education have been actively even in Korean language education. For successful vocabulary learning, the vocabulary volume is required to extend. At this time, there are methods for giving similar vocabularies together to teach more vocabularies to learners. However, only dictionary definitions are difficult for them to discern the differences in their meanings. Adverbs, in particular, have many similar meanings. Among them, degree adverbs are frequently substituted in view of their common meanings. But all meanings of degree adverbs are not same, so they are different according to circumstances. These differences are difficult for Korean language learners to discern. Therefore, more specific methods and models for teaching synonymous degree adverbs are required. The framework of this study and the contents are as follows. Chapter 1 shows the importance and necessity of synonymous degree adverbs in vocabulary learning of Korean language education, as well as the purpose of this study. It also reviews plans for vocabulary teaching that have been fulfilled up to now and related precedents and examines the necessity of studying synonyms of degree adverbs. Chapter 2 investigates theories related to the contents to be studied in this study. It examines concepts of synonyms and meanings of extension of lexical competence It also examines methods for discerning meanings of synonyms. In this study, among them, the substitution test would be used. Then, it classifies adverbs, defines concepts of degree adverbs, and examines the classified degree adverbs that have been studied until now. Chapter 3 investigates degree adverbs that have been frequently used in Korean language education, before studying plans for teaching their synonyms. First, it extracts degree adverbs from 7 Korean language texts, which have been recently used in Korean language educational institutions, to examine their aspects of use. It also examines whether they are well applied or not. According to the data, it displays lists of degree adverbs by stages and examines their frequencies in consideration of integration of beginner, intermediate and advanced level. Chapter 4 discerns the differences of synonym groups through semantic discrimination, among degree adverbs that have been frequently used in Korean language textbooks. First, it examines dictionary definitions of synonyms, and combinations and meanings of vocabularies in view of examples of corpus. At this time, it examines syntactic combinations of synonymous degree adverbs, their meanings and pragmatic differences using the substitution test. Chapter 5 shows guiding plans for synonyms of degree adverbs to be used in the actual field of Korean language education. Chapter 6 finishes this paper with the above contents summarized and future subjects displayed. In this study, synonymous degree adverbs are classified for more systematic teaching of vocabularies, and teaching models are shown according to the classification. Accordingly, in the field of Korean language education, it is so meaningful in view of showing guidelines for teachers to understand discriminated meanings of synonyms of degree adverbs and teach them to learners.

‘기쁘다’ 유사 어휘군의 의미론적 연구

정회란 ( Jeomg Hoe-ran ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2006 언어와 문화 Vol.2 No.3

Though the importance of the lexical education has long been emphasized in the Korean language education, often it does not turn out true when borrowing the arguments which have been set out by the Korean academic circles as it is. Especially, the arguments on the synonym, a lexical set similar in its meaning, should be started from the awareness of the problems that they should be widely defined and studied in the Korean language education. The Korean academic circles have regarded the synonyms as a pair or a set of vocabularies, largely focusing on their semantic similarities. However, phonemes, forms, grammar, pragmatics, and synonyms in lexical relations as well as semantics should be studied in the Korean language education, because foreign learners of Korean language may experience learning disorder since they consider the vocabularies which have similar phonemes, forms, grammar, pragmatics, etc. as the synonyms. This thesis has identified the differences in the semantics of psychological adjectives which have many synonyms, based on the study by Hyunkyung Yoo and Hyounhwa Kang(2000) who established the extended notion of synonyms. Though it is not easy to discern the differences among these vocabularies because the psychological adjectives have a strong semantic contiguity and syntactic similarity among many synonyms in the lexical relation, this study proceeded a discussion for 4 vocabularies {기쁘다, 즐겁다, 재미있다, and 행복 하다} of high frequency, which are listed in Korean Textbook Beginners’ Level among the vocabularies belonging to the same emotional area with ‘기 쁨(joy)’ and defined as the extended notion of synonym to ‘기쁘다’. This thesis has identified the semantic differences of the synonyms in the lexical relation, suggesting that the position of synonyms which has been argued by the Korean academic circles should be the extended notion of synonyms in the Korean language education. There are two limitations: the range of the extended notion of synonyms with which this study has dealt is not wide enough, and the link between the results of the study and the Korean language education is weak. However, since there are significantly many synonyms that could be linked extendedly among the Korean vocabularies, it is expected that the subsequent efforts would be continued to set up the relationship between these vocabularies in accordance with the Korean language education and apply the error analysis or study of collocations to it. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

한국어 유의어의 의미 변별과 교육 방안

문금현 국제한국어교육학회 2004 한국어 교육 Vol.15 No.3

In this paper, I discuss teaching methods that effectively teach the differences between synonyms. Korean teachers desperately need basic materials to objectively and systematically explain pairs of synonyms. The purpose of this paper is to provide those basic materials, special synonym lists, and teaching methods. First, this paper concretely discusses processes (four stages) and methods of differentiating meanings of Korean synonyms. The paper clarifies criteria for differentiating between synonyms and then, following the standards, examines the characteristics of synonyms by separating analyzed synonyms lists according to difficulty levels. In the next chapter, this paper classifies pairs of synonyms from Korean language textbooks by difficulty levels in order to make special synonym lists required to effectively teach Korean vocabulary. This paper presents proper methods for distinguishing pairs of synonyms necessary for foreigners studying Korean and particularly utilizes corpus for differentiation of synonym pairs by showing differences in combining characters. In the following chapter, this paper presents both concrete teaching methods divided by levels of synonyms, as well as an example of an intermediate level learning model.

유의어에 대한 새로운 평가와 제안 -{아버지}, {아빠}, {아버님}, {아비}, {부(父)}를 중심으로.

김광순 한국어의미학회 2014 한국어 의미학 Vol.46 No.-

This study on the evaluation and suggestion regarding synonyms. This article contains the novel evaluation and suggestion regarding synonyms. In the previous discussions about synonyms, the major study method was to classify the common meaning and the individual meaning by investigating the individual meaning of each lexeme with a dictionary and the examples of corpus data. However, this research method has not fully discussed the principle of how each lexeme becomes a synonym. In addition, categorization of lexemes used as synonyms for users of Korean without academic review may be a problem. We need to reflect on whether lexemes confused the similarity of synonyms to categorize them into synonyms and whether a possibility of new discussions has been excluded. Many lexemes may not become synonyms in a common shape. In this article, the meaning of a lexeme recognized as a synonym for users of Korean is investigated in depth based on the problems and the relation is evaluated and discussed by a new method. To achieve this, {Abeoji}, {Appa}, {Abeonim}, {Abi} and {Bu(父)} recognized as a synonym for users of Korean are used as subjects for the study and whether it is a synonym is examined. In addition, the meaning of those lexemes is investigated through corpus examples and their semantic relation is newly discussed. The semantic relation discussed would suggest the method and necessity of new discussions about synonyms.

BCC코퍼스에 의거한 중국어 동의어 분석 방법론

최향란,박흥수 한국중국언어학회 2019 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.84

This article tried to grasp By using the statistical functions and various retrieval methods provided by BCC corpus, this paper explores specific methods to distinguish and analyze the differences in word frequency distribution, word collocation and semantic prosody of synonyms, so as to help the proper use of synonyms and better play the communicative function of Chinese. Chinese is the most widely used language in the world and has a long cultural history. Therefore, there are a large number of synonyms with similar semantics in Chinese. How to accurately understand the subtle differences between them and use them appropriately has always been a big problem for non-native Chinese learners. Generally speaking, synonym discrimination relies on intuitive experience and introspection through dictionaries and other tools. Dictionary analysis, though authoritative, is often not able to achieve the purpose of accurate analysis due to the limitations of its compiling methods; in the past, it relied on intuitive experience and introspective ways, and because of the image of dialects and language habits in the region where the researchers live, the results of the research are often not objective enough. Large corpus is an extremely advanced retrieval tool, which provides a new method for synonym discrimination with its unique advantages. Corpus linguistics is a branch of general linguistics. It uses special text analysis software tools to analyze large machine-readable text databases. The analysis of synonyms in corpus linguistics mainly focuses on the differences in frequency distribution of synonyms in different register. The significant degree of co-occurrence of collocations and keywords was counted. The collocation characteristics of synonyms in search lines were observed, and their different linguistic features, such as class association, collocation relationship and semantic prosody, were revealed. Thanks to the abundant evidence provided by the huge corpus, the corpus index can provide abundant usage and context for synonyms, enabling researchers to compare and grasp the subtle semantic and pragmatic differences between synonyms, and to achieve an objective and comprehensive description of the subtle differences of synonyms. 본 연구는 BCC 코퍼스에서 제공하는 통계프로그램과 검색식을 활용하여 현대 중국어 동의어 분석 방법론에 대해 고찰하였다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 중국어 어휘교육에서 코퍼스 언어학적 분석 방법의 중요성을 고찰했다. 코퍼스에서 제시한 대규모 전산 자료는 다양한 문체의 언어영역을 포함하고 해당 언어의 포괄적인 모습을 반영하며 코퍼스를 활용한 통계와 분석법은 과거의 직감과 경험을 의지하는 분석법의 문제점을 보완하고 보다 객관적인 연구를 진행할 수 있게 했다. 다음은 중국어 동의어 분석에 적합한 코퍼스로 BCC 코퍼스를 소개했다. BCC 코퍼스 자체통계 프로그램과 다양한 검색식은 간편한 조작과 신속한 결과 도출기능으로 다른 코퍼스는 별도 분석도구를 사용해야 되는 번거로움을 해소할 수 있기에 동의어 분석에는 가장 적합하다는 결론을 도출했다. 이를 토대로 코퍼스언어학에서 동의어 판별하는 방법인 출현빈도(词频)분석, 단어호응(词语搭配)분석과 연어관계(类连接)분석, 의미운율(语义韵)분석 등의 구체적인 조작 방법을 제시했다. 코퍼스에 의거한 중국어 동의어 분석은 그 세밀한 차이를 분별하는 방법론을 세우는 것이 매우 중요하다. 기존에 제기된 방법들은 여러 가지 코퍼스 분석 툴과 도구를 먼저 익혀야 분석을 시작 할 수 있는 어려움 때문에 연구를 쉽게 시도를 하지 못하는 경향이있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 BCC 코퍼스 자체통계 프로그램을 활용하는 방법이 새로운 접근이 되기바란다.

『廣雅疏證』의 ‘行’義字 訓詁에 보이는 聲同聲近字에 대한 고찰

서한용 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2019 中國硏究 Vol.78 No.-

Guang-ya(廣雅) compiled by Zhang Ji(張揖), in about A.D. 227, is a dictionary of synonyms. Wang Nian-sun(王念孫) discriminated among synonyms by Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證) in about A.D. 1795. In his book, Wang Nian-sun(王念孫) annotated synonyms of Chinese characters in Guang-ya(廣雅). At the same time, he also tried to find out the homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters. These are the foundation of the graphonomy of Chinese characters. So we can say, Wang Nian-sun(王念孫) made the greatest contribution to the theoretical construction to the etymology of Chinese characters. The outstanding dictionaries of Chinese characters were Shuo-wen(說文) by Xu-shen(許愼), Shuo-wen-jie-zi-zhu(說文解字注) by Duan Yu-cai(段玉裁) and Shuo-wen-tong-xun-ding-sheng(說文通訓定聲) by Zhu Jun-sheng(朱駿聲). These books described Chinese characters and also analyzed the homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters. The representative dictionaries in the etymology of Chinese characters was Wen-shi(文始) by Zhang Tai-yan(章太炎). The homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters was described and analyzed in this book. This report consists of five chapters. The first chapter gives the purpose of the etymological study in synonyms of Chinese character ‘Xing(行)’. The second chapter gives analysis of the Yi-ti-zi(異體字) in synonyms of Chinese character ‘Xing(行)’ in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). The third chapter gives analysis of the Jia-jie-zi(假借字) in synonyms of Chinese character ‘Xing(行)’ in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). The fourth chapter gives analysis of the Tong-yuan-zi(同源字) in synonyms of Chinese character 'Xing(行)' in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). This report also gives analysis of the etymological study in synonyms of Chinese character ‘Xing(行)’ in Shuo-wen(說文), Shuo-wen-jie-zi-zhu(說文解字注), Shuo-wen-tong-xun-ding-sheng(說文通訓定聲). The concluding chapter provides the summary of the preceding chapters and the description of conclusion. 張揖은 『廣雅·釋詁一』에서 ‘行’의 뜻을 가진 글자가 “躔, 厯, 逝, 去, 趨, 徥, 流, 步, 遵, 遃, 蹠, 遂, , 從, 逯, 轉, 隨, 巡, 充, 略, 將, 進, 由, 駕, 帶, 貫, 䠶, 逭, 逳, 踚, 遡, 吉, 䞯, 蹈’ 등 34자가 있음을 밝혔는데, 王念孫은 張揖이 제시한 ‘行’義字에 대해 同字, 通字 등의 소리가 같거나 비슷한 聲同聲近字로 訓詁하였다. 王念孫이 ‘行’義字에 대해 訓詁한 聲同聲近字는 ‘帶’-‘遰, 逝’, ‘䠯’-‘䟑’, ‘遡’-‘泝’, ‘吉’-‘㣟’, ‘䞯’-‘赴, , 報’의 5組가 있음을 알 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 張揖이 제시한 ‘行’義字 ‘帶’, ‘踚’, ‘遡’, ‘吉’, ‘䞯’의 5字와 이 글자에 대해 王念孫이 訓詁한 聲同聲近字 ‘遰’, ‘逝’, ‘䟑’, ‘泝’, ‘㣟’, ‘赴’, ‘ ’, ‘報’의 8字의 本義와 引伸義를 분석하여 이 글자들이 소리가 같거나 비슷하면서 의미상 서로 연관이 있는 同源字의 조건에 부합하는지를 모색하고자 하였다. 본 논문의 연구결과에 따르면 王念孫이 ‘行’義字 疏證에서 밝힌 同字, 通字 등의 소리가 같거나 비슷한 글자가 총 5組의 8字이고, 이 중 ‘䟑, 泝, ’가 異體 관계의 글자이고, ‘遰, 逝, 㣟, 報’가 假借 관계의 글자이며, ‘赴’만이 同源 관계의 글자라는 것을 알 수 있는데, 특히 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 王念孫의 『廣雅疏證』에서 보이는 ‘或作~, 亦作~, 通作~, 與~同, 與~通, 聲義相近, 聲近義同, 語之轉’ 등의 용어가 異體字, 假借字, 同源字 등을 구분하지 않은 것임을 알 수 있다.

『廣雅疏證』의 `取`義字 疏證에 대한 고찰

서한용 ( Suh Han-yong ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2017 中國硏究 Vol.70 No.-

Guang-ya(廣雅) compiled by Zhang Ji(張揖), in about A.D. 227, is a dictionary of synonyms. Wang Nian-sun(王念孫) discriminated among synonyms by Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證) in about A.D. 1795. In his book, Wang Nian-sun(王 念孫) annotated synonyms of Chinese characters in Guang-ya(廣雅). At the same time, he also tried to find out the homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters. These are the foundation of the graphonomy of Chinese characters. So we can say, Wang Nian-sun(王念孫) made the greatest contribution to the theoretical construction to the etymology of Chinese characters. The outstanding dictionaries of Chinese characters were Shuo-wen(說文) by Xu-shen(許愼), Shuo-wen-jie-zi-zhu(說文解字注) by Duan Yu-cai(段玉裁) and Shuo-wen-tong-xun-ding-sheng(說文通訓定聲) by Zhu Jun-sheng(朱駿聲). These books described Chinese characters and also analyzed the homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters. The representative dictionaries in the etymology of Chinese characters was Wen-shi(文始) by Zhang Tai-yan(章太炎). The homophonic and synonymic relationship in Chinese characters was described and analyzed in this book. This report consists of five chapters. The first chapter gives the purpose of the etymological study in synonyms of Chinese character `Qu(取)`. The second chapter gives analysis of the Yi-ti-zi(異體字) in synonyms of Chinese character `Qu(取)` in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). The third chapter gives analysis of the Jia-jie-zi(假 借字) in synonyms of Chinese character `Qu(取)` in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). The fourth chapter gives analysis of the Tong-yuan-zi(同源字) in synonyms of Chinese character `Qu(取)` in Guang-ya-shu-zheng(廣雅疏證). This report also gives analysis of the etymological study in synonyms of Chinese character `Qu(取)` in Shuo-wen(說文), Shuo-wen-jie-zi-zhu(說文解字注), Shuo-wen-tong-xun-ding-sheng (說文通訓定聲), and Wen-shi(文始). The concluding chapter provides the summary of the preceding chapters and the description of conclusion.

베트남 학습자를 위한 한국어 유의어 교육방안 연구

부타잉하이 ( Vu Thanh Hai ) 숙명여자대학교 한국어문화연구소 2017 한국어와 문화 Vol.21 No.-

한국어 어휘 특성의 하나는 유의어가 많다는 것이다. 비슷한 의미를 가진 단어들을 그 상황에 맞게 골라 쓴다는 것은 외국인 학습자들이 사용함에 있어 큰 어려움이었다. 효과적인 유의어 교육에 있어서 본 연구의 의미는 베트남 학생들이 한국어를 습득함에 있어 문법적, 어휘적 접근도 중요하지만 한국인의 정서를 이해하고 그 정서에 괴리감 없이 접근할 수 있는 감성적 접근 방식의 교육 방안이 모색되어야 하는 것이었다. 대부분 베트남 대학교에서 주로 사용하는 한국어 교재에는 유의어에 대한 정보가 충분히 제공되어 있지 않으므로 주로 교사의 판단에 의해서 유의어를 그때그때 가르치고 있는 실정이었다. 이는 유의어와 관련된 기초 자료가 부족하며 유의어 교수법도 다양하게 개발되지 않으므로 베트남인 한국어 교사들이 유의어 교육에 대해 어려움을 겪고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 이제는 베트남 한국어 교사들이 좀 더 정확한 정보에 의해서 유의어를 체계적으로 교육하고 설명할 수 있는 유의어 교육 방안을 준비할 필요성이 있었다. 같은 어휘를 구사하는데도 화자의 표정에 따라 혹은 눈빛에 따라 그 의미가 달라질 수 있는 언어가 한국어이다. 또한 한국어의 어휘는 다른 나라의 어휘에 비해 월등히 그 수가 많다. 이는 한국인의 감성이 다른 나라 사람에 비해서 섬세하고 다양하다는 반증이기도 하다. 또한 베트남어와 한국어는 어원이 같은 한자에서 출발했음을 감안할 때 베트남에서의 특히 한국어를 공부하고 싶은 학생이나 한국어를 가르치는 선생이나 한국 문화를 연구하고 싶은 학자나 한자의 중요성을 부인할 수는 없다. 따라서 한자를 통한 베트남어와 한국어 간의 괴리를 줄여 나가고 한국인의 정서를 이해하며 한국인과 비슷한 생각을 할 수 있을 때 비로써 본 연구의 성과가 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다. One of the most typical characteristics of the Korean vocabulary is its great number of synonyms. It was a considerable difficulty for foreigners to use words with similar meanings according to the situation. In terms of effective synonyms education, although grammatical and lexical approaches are significantly important for Vietnamese students in learning Korean, it is more essential to acknowledge the Korean people and to find an approach understanding their natural emotions. Most of the Korean textbooks used at Vietnamese universities do not provide sufficient information about the synonyms, meanwhile, the synonyms is mainly taught by the teacher`s judgment. This is because there has been a lack of fundamental resources related to the synonyms and the teaching method of the synonyms has not been developed in various ways, which leads to the fact that many Vietnamese Korean teachers are having difficulties in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a synonym education system that can teach and explain synonyms systematically by more accurate information. In this study, the researcher aim to present educational plan with two focuses. The first is that there should be recognition of Hanja, and the second is that Koreans should share their emotions through Korean Wave, such as media and drama K-pop. In order to effectively introduce synonyms, it is necessary to present various meanings precisely based on the difference rather than the commonality of the synonyms. Therefore, a step-by-step instruction model that is suitable for the level of students has been developed and applied to the educational field.

한국어교육에서 감정형용사의 제시 방안

서희정(Seo Huijeong) 한국언어문학회 2010 한국언어문학 Vol.74 No.-

This paper aims to set up the educational informations of synonyms of emotional adjective ‘aswibda’ in Korean language education. One emotional adjective could have a lot of synonyms as emotional adjectives show abstract and subjective human emotion. That is why a dictionary definition of emotional adjective sometimes would be unuseful while Korean language learners are making sentences. Therefore, this paper is focusing on the usage of synonyms of emotional adjectives so that Korean language learners properly use synonyms according to situations. Synonyms of ‘aswibda’ are taken as an example in order to build the educational informations of synonyms. First of all, ‘antakkabda’, ‘akkabda’, ‘seobseobhada’, ‘seounhada’ are screened as synonyms of ‘aswibda’ in intermediate level through 3 kinds of thesauruses and 5 kinds of Korean language textbooks. Then, situations that synonyms of ‘aswibda’ could be used are fixed by analysing synonyms' meanings of ‘aswibda’ in 4 kinds of dictionaries as well as by analysing situations that synonyms of ‘aswibda’ are presented in Korean language textbooks. Finally, situations, subject matters and syntagmatic relations of ‘aswibda’, ‘antakkabda’, ‘akkabda’, ‘seobseobhada’, ‘seounhada’ are set up based on the Sejong balanced corpus. This paper not only helps Korean language learners reduce mistakes by themselves, but also provides the educational informations of synonyms while thesauruses or vocabulary books are published.