Evaluation of Visual Perception in Smoking Cessation Websites and Construction of Antismoking Website

Lee, Yoon-Hyeon,Shin, Soon-Ho Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Tobacco use is the most readily preventable cause of premature death; it is a worldwide problem, with a significant impact on heath and well-being. In order to design an effective tobacco education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and the underlying factors associated with smoking in different generations such as adults or young people. Despite a general decline in the prevalence of regular smoking among adults, recent surveys commissioned by the Ministry Heath & Welfare for the Republic of Korea have shown no evidence of any decline in smoking rates among young women and adolescents. The Republic of Korea has the highest adult male smoking percentage (65.1%) in the world and smoking in adolescents is still an increasing trend. Smoking in adolescents and young women is especially more dangerous, thus health education of anti-smoking directed at these groups is an important area that will benefit from using internet content that they can easily access. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of visual perception and effectiveness analysis in smoking cessation websites in promoting smoking cessation in adolescents and young women through Internet content. As a result of this project, at first we evaluated the Internet content of cyber smoking cessation programs by the evaluation criteria of web design interface. The Internet site of http://nosmokeguide.or.kr received the most superior evaluation in the domestic Internet content for smoking cessation and the Internet site of the National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids received the most superior evaluation in the foreign Internet content for smoking cessation. This evaluation was surveyed by an expert in Internet content and user. Secondly, we developed the Internet content for cyber smoking cessation program, namely, "Dr. Smoking" that contained several menus and a database regarding anti-smoking designed in accordance with the results of this evaluation. The domain address of Dr. Smoking is http://www.dmosmoking.com and our webpage has assorted kinds of news, information, self-diagnosis, prescription, consulting, a no-smoking mall etc. In conclusion, this project is designed to develop Internet content for the most effective smoking cessation program and to contribute to eliminating smoking from our society. We also will try to develop and upgrade this web-site in order to help a smoker who want to quit smoking and diminish the physical and socioeconomic harm from smoking.m smoking.

흡연 관련 특성과 금연 및 금연 방법

이숙향,심현진 대한암예방학회 2005 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.10 No.1

Smokers try to quit smoking and the effective aids for smoking cessation should be utilized based on the status of smoking and smoking related factors. The purpose of this survey was to assess the factors to impact on smoking cessation. The online questionnaire survey was conducted through e-mail for 8 days from March 16, 2005 with aid of the INR (Internet & Research), Korea, a specialized survey firm. The target subjects were selected for those who had have experiences to stop smoking. The questionnaire responses were analyzed from 573 subjects out of 1078 responders. As results, subjects with the shorter period of smoking and the lower dependency of nicotine had the longer period of smoking cessation (p<0.0001). But, there was no relationship with specific smoking motivation types. The reasons of failure to stop smoking were high in withdrawal symptoms or strong smoking desire. Among the methods to stop smoking, two-thirds of responders (75.6%) tried smoking cessation with their own intention without a specific method. The highest use of aid to stop smoking was nicotine substitute therapy (38.5%), followed by cigarette alternatives (28.6%). The recommendation from friends and family (58%) was the highest reason to choose the methods to stop smoking. In conclusion, it was desirable for smokers with high dependency on nicotine to use the method reducing withdrawal symptoms or smoking desire. The smokers with low dependency on nicotine may use the cigarette alternatives under exposure to smoking environment. The smoking related factors should be considered to select a smoking cessation method for an individual smoker. (Cancer Prev Res 10, 18-28, 2005)

Why Don’t Cancer Survivors Quit Smoking? An Evaluation of Readiness for Smoking Cessation in Cancer Survivors

Melissa A. Little,Robert C. Klesges,Zoran Bursac,Jon O. Ebbert,Jennifer P. Halbert,Andrew N. Dunkle,Lauren Colvin,Patricia J. Goedecke,Benny Weksler 대한암예방학회 2018 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.23 No.1

Background: Cancer survivors have a high rate of participation in cigarette-smoking cessation programs but their smoking-abstinence rates remain low. In the current study, we evaluated the readiness to quit smoking in a cancer-survivor population. Methods: Cross-sectional data survey conducted among 112 adult cancer survivors who smoked cigarettes in Tennessee. Analyses were conducted using a two-sample t-test, χ2 test, Fishers Exact test, and multivariable logistic regression with smoker’s readiness to quit as the dependent variable. We operationally defined a smoker not ready to quit as anyone interested in quitting smoking beyond the next 6 months or longer (or not at all), as compared to those that are ready to quit within the next 6 months. Results: Thirty-three percent of participants displayed a readiness to quit smoking in the next 30 days. Smokers ready to quit were more likely to display high confidence in their ability to quit (OR = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1-9.7; P < 0.0001) than those not ready to quit. Those ready to quit were nearly five times more likely to believe smoking contributed to their cancer diagnosis (OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1-22.6; P = 0.0432). Those ready to quit were also much more likely to attempt smoking cessation when diagnosed with cancer (OR = 8.9; 95% CI, 1.8-44.3; P = 0.0076) than smokers not ready to quit. Finally, those ready to quit were more likely to endorse smoking more in the morning than other times of the day, compared to those not ready to quit (OR = 7.9; 95% CI, 1.5-42,3; P = 0.0148), which increased odds of readiness to quit within the next 6 months. Conclusions: Despite high participation in smoking-cessation programs for cancer survivors, only one-third of participants were ready to quit. Future research is needed to develop programs targeting effective strategies promoting smoking cessation among cancer survivors who are both ready and not ready to quit smoking. (J Cancer Prev 2018;23:44-50)

Perceived Attitudes toward Smoking Ban in Public Places and Availability of Smoking Cessation Programs among Non-Collegiate Young Working Adults

Sangmin Kim 인하대학교 다문화융합연구소 2019 다문화와 교육 Vol.4 No.1

Background : Few smoking prevention research studies and almost no smoking prevention interventions have been designed specifically for young adults who do not attend colleges. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived attitudes toward smoking ban in public places and availability of smoking cessation programs among non-collegiate young working adults. Methods : A purposive sample of 89 non-collegiate young adults was recruited who were employed in the local work force. Results : Although nearly 91% of young adults perceived that secondhand smoke was either very harmful or somewhat harmful, 32.8% of employers either allowed smoking or did not have any office policy on smoking. Regarding smoking cessation programs, 70.8% reported that employers did not offer any programs or help to employees. Attitudes toward a smoking ban in public restaurants and bars found be to statistically significant, t(67) = 23.79, p < .001.

청소년 흡연 행위 및 흡연량 관련 요인

김은미 한국학교보건학회 2021 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Smoking among adolescents is a critical healthcare concern that needs to be tackled with respect to not only intrapersonal and interpersonal factors but also socio-cultural factors. This study was to identify the smoking behaviors and amount of tobacco consumption among adolescents, and to investigate the factors associated with the behaviors and amount. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the theory of triadic influence using a nationally representative secondary data set, the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N=60,040). The analysis was performed by dividing smoking behaviors into lifetime, current, and daily smoking, and smoking amount into light, moderate, and heavy smoking. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Overall, 8.2%, 3.2% and 3.4% of the adolescents were involved in lifetime, current, and daily smoking, respectively. In addition, 5.3%, 0.8%, and 0.6% of the adolescents were involved in light, moderate, and heavy smoking, respectively. The factor associated with smoking behaviors and the amount of tobacco consumed were gender, academic achievement, depression, living with family, close friend’s smoking, violent victimization, household economic status, and school level (all ps<.05). Conclusion: A considerable number of adolescents are engaged in risky smoking behaviors and consume large amounts of tobacco. Adolescents who said yes to peer smoking, violent victimization, not living with their family, and depressive emotions were more likely to engage in risky smoking behaviors and consume large amounts of tobacco. Tailored interventions to decrease smoking should be planed and provided, while considering the school and home environment and individual needs of adolescents.

성인남성 흡연자의 흡연행태 변화와 관련 요인

이진석,김양중,김원년,황승식,김용익,Lee, Jin-Seok,Kim, Yang-Jung,Kim, Won-Nyon,Hwang, Seung-Sik,Kim, Yong-Ik 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This study (a) investigated the rate of smoking cessation sucess for current male smokers, and (b) identified the factors that are associated with the smoking cessation success. Methods: Data were collected from four follow-up surveys of 700 current male smokers. The follow-up period was from December 2004 to June 2005. Success of smoking cessation was defined as "maintaining a smoking cessation status for six months". The demographic and socioeconomic factors included age, the household income level and, occupation. The smoking behavioral factors were composed of the amount of smoking, the duration of smoking, the age of initiating smoking, the willingness to quit, the frequency of trying to quit smoking and the smoker's attitude toward the anti-smoking policies. Results: The proportion of quitters increased from 6.6% to 11.0% during the follow-up period. The majority of quitters answered that the increase of tobacco price acted as cue to achieve smoking cessation. The age-standardized experience and success rate of smoking cessation were 16.0% (95% C.I.=13.0% to, 19.0%) and 4.5% (95% C.I.=3.0% to, 6.0%), respectively. On the multivariate analysis, success for smoking cessation was associated with the willingness to quit smoking, low prior tobacco consumption, and agreement on the tobacco price increase. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the recent anti-smoking policies provided an opportunity to quit smoking. The results of this study can be used to establish evidence for further anti-smoking policies.

성별에 따른 흡연경험 관련요인 연구: 제4-7기(2007-2018) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 기반으로

정용휘 ( Yong Whi Jeong ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2021 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors related to smoking experience among Korean adults according to gender. Methods: The analysis used the data collected from 19,974 who had a smoking experience from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2018). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Logistic regression. Results: The number of smoking experiences was 77.70% for men and 14.17% for women. Both men and women were more likely to have smoked experiences as the number of drinking, and second-hand smoke experiences in the home, increased. Owning a home, the higher the income, the higher the education, the lower the smoking experience. On the other hand, the relationship between education level and smoking experience according to gender showed a negative response-dose relationship for men and a positive-response-dose relationship for women. Conclusions: The study results showed that smoking-related factors are divided into factors in which men and women have the same tendency and those in which men and women have the opposite direction. This study revealed the distinct smoking experience-related characteristics according to gender in Korea. These characteristics suggest the need for a new approach to reduce the smoking rate by introducing differentiated smoking prevention education, smoking cessation education, and treatment projects by gender to the National Non-smoking Support Project, which was focused on smoking cessation education and treatment.

입원 환자 금연 진료에 대한 의사 인식도

박일환,정유석 대한임상건강증진학회 2019 Korean Journal of Health Promotion Vol.19 No.3

Background: Smoking cessation services for inpatients can be provided effectively through interdisciplinary collaborations. Physicians could play a central role in smoking cessation counseling and treatment for recovery from illness and health promotion of the inpatient. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of physicians on inpatient smoking cessation services. Methods: We conducted one personal and two focus group interviews with clinical faculties at a university hospital in Seoul and a university hospital in Chungnam using semi-structured questionnaires. Interviews were recorded, and the transcribed verbatim was analyzed qualitatively. Results: The physicians recognized the need for inpatient smoking cessation services and recognized that smoking cessation was effective when the patient had a smoking-related illness such as respiratory or cardiovascular disease Additionally, the physicians recognized the need for hospital management to support smoking cessation in hospitalized patients and recognized that it was effective to have a dedicated workforce with a smoking cessation coordinator. There was support from four types of physicians in the smoking cessation program: active participant, passive supporter, passive ignorer, and active refuser. Conclusions: The physician is important for the effective implementation of inpatient smoking cessation services. A dedicated team for the smoking cessation of the inpatient, the establishment of evidence-based data on the effectiveness of the inpatient smoking cessation services, and development of customized smoking cessation services will be necessary to strengthen the role of physicians. 연구배경: 입원 환자를 위한 금연지원 프로그램은 다학제간 협력에 의해 이루어질 때 효과적이다. 임상 의사는 입원환자의 금연 상담 및 치료에 있어서 중심적 역할을 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 임상 의사들이 입원 환자의 금연지원 프로그램에 대한 어떤 인식을 갖고 있는지 조사해 보고자 한것이다.방법: 서울 소재 1개 의과대학 병원과 충남 소재 1개 의과대학 임상교수들을 대상으로 개인 면담 및 포커스 그룹 면담을 시행하였다. 면담은 반구조화된 설문지에 의해 이루어졌으며, 면담 내용은 녹화되어 축어적으로 전사되었다. 전사된 자료에 대한 질적 내용분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 의사들은 입원 환자 금연지원 서비스에 대해 필요하다고 인식하였으며, 환자가 호흡기질환, 순환기질환 등과같이 흡연과 연관된 질병을 갖고 있을 때 입원 금연 치료가효과적이었다고 인식하였다. 또한, 병원에서 입원 환자 금연지원을 위한 의지가 필요하다고 인식하였으며, 금연 코디네이터와 같은 전담 인력이 있는 것이 효과적인 것으로 인식하였다. 입원 금연 프로그램에 대한 의사의 요구도를 4가지 지지 유형에 따라 나눌 수 있었으며, 적극적 참여형, 소극적 지지형, 소극적 무관심형, 적극적 거부형이었다. 결론: 입원 환자의 금연 진료의 효과적 시행을 위해서 의사들의 역할이 중요하다. 입원 환자 금연 상담을 위한 금연전담팀, 입원 환자 금연 진료의 효과에 대한 근거자료 구축, 환자의 질병 및 중증도를 고려한 맞춤형 금연 프로그램 개발 등은 의사의 역할 제고를 위해 매우 중요할 것이다

남자대학생의 흡연경험에 관한 근거이론 연구

박혜경 한국국제문화교류학회 2019 문화교류와 다문화교육 Vol.8 No.4

The purpose of this study was to provide a practical theory about the smoking experience of male university students. To achieve the purpose, the basis theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) is described as follows. The first open coding produced 67 concepts and 12 subcategories and six categories, and the causal condition of 'Smoking becomes daily routine' ,which is the central phenomenon of the category analysis according to the elements of the paradigm (condition, central phenomenon, result) through the second axis coding is 'the worst picture of smoking in primary and secondary school', Contextual conditions were divided into categories 'Benefits of Smoking', 'Requacy of Smoking', 'Repeat of Smoking Attempts and Failure' and 'Results of Smoking' .The experience of smoking was found to have been carried out in four stages: the initiation of smoking, the dailyization of smoking, the repetition of anti-smoking attempts and failures, and the maintenance of smoking behavior. Third, a key category of the study in selective coding was 'Smoking is the present, no-smoking is the future'. Finally, after analyzing the types of smoking-maintaining behavior, the results suggest the type of addiction, habit, and concern. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic data for consultation mediation and education on smoking prevention . 본 연구의 목적은 남자대학생의 흡연경험에 관한 실제 이론을 제공하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기위하여 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 근거이론 방법에 따라 기술하면 다음과 같다. 첫 째 개방코딩으로 67개의 개념과 12개의 하위범주와 6개의 범주가 도출되었으며, 둘 째 축 코딩을 통해 패러다임의 요소(조건, 중심현상, 결과)에 따른 범주 분석 결과 중심현상인 ‘흡연-일상이 되다’의 인과적 조건은 ‘초·중학교 때 흡연의 흑역사’, 맥락적 조건은 ‘흡연의 이점’, 중재적 조건은 ‘금연의 필요성’, 작용/상호작용은 ‘금연시도와 실패의 반복’ 그리고 결과는 ‘여전히 흡연 중’ 범주로 구분되었다. 흡연과정의 경험은 흡연의 시작, 흡연의 일상화, 금연시도와 실패의 반복, 흡연행동 유지의 4단계 과정으로 진행된 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 선택코딩에서 본 연구의 핵심범주는 ‘흡연은 현재 금연은 미래’로 나타났다. 마지막으로 흡연유지행동 유형을 분석한 결과 중독형, 습관형, 고민형으로 제시하였다. 본 연구는 흡연예방 및 금연에 관한 상담 중재 및 교육을 위한 기초적 자료를 제시한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

Trends in Cigarette Use Behaviors Among Adolescents by Region in Korea

Hong, Nam Soo,Kim, Keon-Yeop,Park, Soon-Woo,Kim, Jong-Yeon,Bae, Ji-Suk,Lee, Won-Kee,Kim, Ki-Su The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2011 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: Understanding recent trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to prevent cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to compare recent trends in cigarette smoking for adolescents living in rural areas, small towns and metropolitan cities in Korea. Methods: The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2005 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate significant linear time trends in cigarette smoking. The indicators of cigarette use behaviors were 'current smoking rate', 'frequent smoking rate', 'heavy smoking rate' and 'smoking experience rate before 13 years of age'. All analyses were conducted according to gender. Results: Statistically significant increasing trends in current smoking rate and frequent smoking rate were observed and borderline significant increasing trends in heavy smoking rate were shown among rural boys. Among metropolitan city boys, statistically significant increasing trends were also seen for frequent smoking. Statistically significant decreasing trends in current smoking rate were observed among small town and metropolitan city girls. Smoking experience rate before 13 years of age for rural girls decreased significantly. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents in the rural areas has increased in the last five years especially among boys. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas.