Inheritance pattern and expression of resistance to phosphine in larval stage of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Ramya R.S.,Srivastava Chitra,Subramanian Sabtharishi,Ranjith M. 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1

Resistance developed by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), a major pest of stored grain and grain products, to phosphine is a serious concern. Treatment of phosphine is given to all the stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) of insects simultaneously in the infected commodity. Effective resistance management tactics need a proper un derstanding of expression of resistance in relation to dosage in immature stages including larvae. So, this study was undertaken to understand the genetic basis of phosphine resistance in larval stage of T. castaneum by crossing the resistant and susceptible parents to obtain the F 1 , F 2 and the back-cross progenies. The resistant parent had a resistance ratio of 37.75 when compared to the susceptible parent. The susceptibility levels of the reciprocal F 1 hybrids did not show any significant difference indicating autosomal mode of inheritance of resistance. Level of dominance for the reciprocal F 1 hybrids was estimated (-0.70 and − 0.68) which showed that the resistance is expressed as incompletely recessive in larval stage of T. castaneum. χ 2 analysis showed that the observed and expected mortalities differed significantly (P < 0.05) in most of the concentrations indicating that more than one gene is responsible for phosphine resistance. Two plateaus at ~ 40 % and ~ 90 % mortality levels for the backcross progeny to the resistant parent further confirmed the involvement of two or more genes in imparting resistance to phosphine. Our results will aid in enhancing the knowledge on the development of resistance to phosphine in the field and thus facilitate in designing suitable resistance management tactics.

Resistance Factor Calculations for LRFD of Axially Loaded Driven Piles in Sands

김동욱,정문경,곽기석 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.15 No.7

This paper presents the development of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of axially-loaded driven piles in sands. The resistance factors of base and shaft resistances were calculated separately to account for their different uncertainty levels. The ratios of dead-to-live load and ultimate base resistance to limit shaft resistance change the uncertainty levels of total load and total pile capacity, respectively; thus, those ratios should be reflected in the calculation of base and shaft resistance factors. For the development of LRFD for axially-loaded driven piles in sands, the ultimate limit state for an axially-loaded driven pile was established based on the Imperial College Pile (ICP) design method; the uncertainties of loads and resistance were accessed;reliability analyses were performed using the First-order Reliability Method (FORM); and finally, reasonable resistance factors of base and shaft resistances were calculated based on the results of reliability analyses for different target reliability index levels. The load factors used for the calculation of resistance factors are the ones proposed by AASHTO and ASCE/SEI 7-05. From the results of extensible reliability analyses using FORM, the resistance factors for base and shaft resistances were found to be highly dependent on the ratios of the dead-to-live load and the ultimate base resistance to the limit shaft resistance. Resistance factors are proposed for different combinations of these ratios within their possible ranges.

고강도 저항성 운동이 24시간 평균동맥압과 심박수에 미치는 영향

박철호,우상헌 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 2002 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

As this study is to examine the effect of resistance exercise, it was made an experiment on resistance-trained group which conducted more than three times a week during 12 weeks and high-intensity resistance exercise of once during 60 minutes in the object of a young man in his 20s with normotensive and irregular exercise habit. After the exercise, MAP and heart rate(HR) during 24-h were changed as the following results. 1. On rest HR of resistance-trained group compared with non-trained group were significantly(p<.05) low, MAP of resistance-trained group compared with non-trained group were low but they were not significantly different. 2. The change of 24-h HR in resistance-trained group both resistance exercise day and control day didn't have the significant difference in all sections. 3. 24-h HR of non-trained group was significantly(p<.05) low between 9AM to 1PM on resistance exercise day compared with control day. 4. On control day, HR of resistance-trained group compared with non-trained group were significantly(p<.05) low between 9AM to 1PM. 5. On resistance exercise day, 24-h HR of resistance-trained group compared with non-trained group were significantly(p<.05) low, 24-h MAP is significantly(p<.05) high between 9AM to 1PM. In conclusion, rest heart rate(RHR) of resistance trained group were significantly(p<.05) low compared with mean, cardiovascular's function of resistance trained group compared with non-trained group were good. In all comparisons, 24-h heart rate(HR) and MAP were similar patterns, it showed they didn't have an influence on the change of 24-h blood pressure(BP) no matter how resistance exercise may be executed.

ERP시스템 저항관리 방안에 관한 연구

송신근 한국국제회계학회 2020 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.90

The purpose of this study is to analyse how organizational resistance to ERP systems affects ERP systems performance and how resistance management affects the relationships between them. Data for research analysis are collected from D vendor company's customers. As independent variables, passive resistance and active resistance were used as resistors, and organizational support, organizational innovation, civic action, user participation, user innovation, and user suitability were used as resistance management as control variables, and ERP systems diffusion and ERP systems performance were used as dependent variables. The analysis showed that passive resistance had a significant negative effect on all ERP systems performance variables, but active resistance did not show the intended result. The resistance management variables showed significant differences between lower and higher groups for passive resistance, but did not show any difference in active resistance. The moderating effects were divided into high and low groups for each resistance management variable, and the effects of passive and active resistance on performance variables were analyzed for differences between groups. Resistance management variables showed differences among groups except for the diffusion of ERP systems in the performance variables for passive resistance, but for active resistance, no intended results were shown except for the diffusion of ERP systems. 본 연구의 목적은 ERP시스템에 대한 조직구성원들의 저항이 ERP시스템 성과에 어떠한 영향을미치는지, 그리고 이들 간의 관계에서 저항관리가 어떠한 조절적 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자하는데 있다. 연구분석을 위한 자료는 D벤더사의 고객사를 대상으로 수집하였다. 독립변수로는 저항으로서 소극적 저항과 적극적 저항을 사용하였으며, 조절변수인 저항관리는조직지원, 조직 혁신성, 조직시민행동, 사용자 참여, 사용자 혁신성, 사용자 적합성을 사용하였고, 종속변수로는 ERP시스템 도입성과로서 ERP시스템 확산과 ERP시스템 성과를 사용하였다. 분석결과, 소극적 저항은 ERP시스템 도입성과 변수 모두에 유의적인 부(-)의 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났으나, 적극적 저항은 ERP시스템 확산을 제외하고는 의도했던 결과를 보이지 않았다. 저항관리 변수들은 소극적 저항에 대해 낮은 집단과 높은 집단 간에 유의적인 차이를 보였으나, 적극적 저항에 있어서는 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 조절적 영향은 각 저항관리 변수들에 대해 높은 집단과 낮은 집단으로 구분하여 성과변수에대한 소극적 저항과 적극적 저항 각각의 영향이 집단 간에 차이를 보이는 지로 분석하였다. 저항관리 변수들은 성과변수에 대해 소극적 저항의 경우 성과변수 중 ERP시스템 확산을 제외하고는 집단 간에 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나, 적극적 저항의 경우에는 ERP시스템 확산에 대해서만 집단 간에 기대했던 차이를 보였지만, 다른 성과에 대해서는 의도했던 결과를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Strategy for Insecticide Resistance Management Approach to IPM

Motoyama, Naoki,Dauterman, W.C. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1992 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Insecticide resistance is a serious is a serious threat to IPM, resulting in various adverse effects not to mention the loss of yield in agriculture. One approach to counter the problem is the disruption of resistance mechanisms. This can be achieved by (1) compounds which show a negative correlation with resistance at the site of action, (2) specific metabolic inhibitors which serve as synergists, or (3) a certain combination of two insecticides producing a joint action. This approach, however, requires certain precautions for the side effects may cause an increase in toxicity to mammals. Owing to the recent advances in theoretical studies on resistance management employing computer simulation and mathematical models, a few principles to reduce the risk of development of resistance have been clarified. They are helpful in designing operational strategies with regard to, for instance, insecticide doses to be applied, mode of application, and choice and nature of the insecticide(s) to be used. For restoration of insecticide susceptibility of a resistant population, reintroduction of susceptible individuals to the resistant population is feasible when certain conditions are met. Natural enemies which developed resistance to insecticides can be an important component of IPM as has been shown in the pest management in apple orchards. After all, the implementation of a successful resistance management program depends upon cooperation between different sigments of the agricutural community. Although resistance is a preadaptive phenomenon, in some cases spontaneous loss of resistance does occur without contamination by susceptible individuals. The instability of resistance in these insects implies the possible existence of a switch machanism controlling the expression of resistance gene(s). Elucidation of such a mechanism may eventually provide us with a new technical approach with which we can combat the problem of insecticide resistance.

Significance of Clopidogrel Resistance Related to the Stent-Assisted Angioplasty in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease

Rho, Gyoung-Jun,Shin, Woo-Ram,Kong, Tae-Sik,Kim, Min-Sun,Lee, Chang-Ju,Lee, Byung-Hee The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2011 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.50 No.1

Objective : To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of clopidogrel resistance, and association between thromboembolic complications and clopidogrel resistance in patient with stent-assisted angioplasty for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. Methods : Between September 2006 and June 2008, clopidogrel resistance test was performed on 41 patients who underwent stent-assisted angioplasty for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. It was performed before drug administration and about 12 hours after drug administration (loading dose : 300 mg, maintain dose : 75 mg). Two patients were excluded, and 41 patients were included (mean : $67.59{\pm}7.10$ years, age range : 41-79). Among 41 patients, 18 patients had intracranial lesions, and 23 had extracranial lesions. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors and complications related to clopidogrel resistance. Results : Twenty-one patients (51.2%) showed clopidogrel resistance [intracranial : 10 patients (55.6%), extracranial : 11 patients (47.8%)] and no clopidogrel resistance was seen in 20 patients. Hypercholesterolemia was an indepedent risk factor of clopidogrel resistance. Stent-assisted angioplasty was technically successful in all patients, but acute in-stent thrombosis occurred in 5 patients with intracranial lesions (4 patients with clopidogrel resistance and 1 without clopidogrel resistance). Acute thrombi were completely lysed after intra-arterial infusion of abciximab. Conclusion : There was relatively high prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia was an independent predictive factor of clopidogrel resistance. Acute in-stent thrombosis was more frequently seen in the clopidogrel resistant group. Therefore, clopidogrel resistance test should be performed to avoid thromboembolic complications related to stent-assisted angioplasty for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, especially patients with hypercholeterolemia and intracranial lesion.

Yersinia pestis antibiotic resistance: a systematic review

Chen Lei,Suresh Kumar 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.1

Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague and a potential biological weapon, has always been a threatening pathogen. Some strains of Y. pestis have varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to alert clinicians to this pathogen’s potential antimicrobial resistance. A review of the literature was conducted for experimental reports and systematic reviews on the topics of plague, Y. pestis, and antibiotic resistance. From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with 4 antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported. In Y. pestis 17/95, 16/95, and 2180H, resistance was mediated by transferable plasmids. Each plasmid contained resistance genes encoded within specific transposons. Strain 17/95 presented multiple drug resistance, since plasmid 1202 contained 10 resistance determinants. Strains 16/95 and 2180H showed single antibiotic resistance because both additional plasmids in these strains carried only 1 antimicrobial determinant. Strains 12/87, S19960127, 56/13, and 59/13 exhibited streptomycin resistance due to an rpsl gene mutation, a novel mechanism that was discovered recently. Y. pestis can acquire antibiotic resistance in nature not only via conjugative transfer of antimicrobial-resistant plasmids from other bacteria, but also by gene point mutations. Global surveillance should be strengthened to identify antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains by whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing.

특집 : 북한 주민의 ``일상의 저항``: 저항 유형과 체제와의 상호작용

조정아 ( Jeong Ah Cho ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소(구 동국대학교 안보연구소) 2011 북한학연구 Vol.7 No.1

이 글에서는 북한 주민들의 일상적 행위양식의 특성을 ``일상의 저항``이라는 관점에서 살펴보고, 주민들의 저항과 이에 영향을 미치는 제도적·구조적 조건과의 상호작용에 관해 탐구하였다. 최근 북한 사회에서는 일상적 불평불만 표출, 생존전략으로서의 일탈 및 위법행위, 회피적 저항과 같은 세 가지 유형의 일상의 저항이 나타나고 있다. 북한 사회에서 집단적이고 공개적인 저항보다 일상의 저항이 주를 이루고 있는 것은 강력한 통제·억압 기구가 발달해 있으며, 이데 올로 기적 통제기구, 각종 의례와 문화적 상징 등이 주민들의 의식을 형성, 재생산하고 있기 때문이다. 일상의 저항은 생존전략 차원의 저항인 동시에 변형된 체제순응 행위이기도 하다는 이중성을 지닌다. 저항의 목적은 국가 체제 또는 지배관계 자체의 변화라 기보다는 일상적 요소의 개선, 일상생활의 유지, 생존과 같은 것이다. 또한 생산과 재생산의 영역에서, 행위와 사회적 관계와 의식의 차원에서, 지배와 일상의 저항은 편재해 있고 동시적으로 작동한다. 이와 같은 특성으로 인해 일상의 저항이 체제에 미치는 영향은 복합적이다. 일상의 저항은 단기적, 국지적으로는 사회의 불안정을 증가시키는 요소이지만, 장기적, 총체적으로는 체제를 안정시키는 작용을 할 수도 있고, 이와 달리 특정한 역사적 계기를 만나 적극적인 집단적 저항으로 진화할 수 있는 가능성도 내포하고 있다. This paper reviews the features of North Korean`s daily patterns of behavior from the standpoint of ``everyday resistance`` and investigates the interaction between resistance and institutional and structural conditions which influence it. Recently throughout North Korean society, three major forms of resistance have begun to loom large: the routine expression of complaints, the adoption of deviant or illegal acts as survival strategies, and the practice of evasive resistance. The reason why this everyday resistance is more prevalent in North Korean society today as opposed to any sort of collective, open resistance is because North Korea has developed powerful structures of repression and control and because its ideologically controlled organizations, rituals, and cultural symbols have built up and reconstructed the peoples` consciousness. Everyday resistance has a dual character in the sense that it is both a survival strategy and a modified form of system adaptation. Instead of demanding changes per se to the ruling system, the objective of resistance is to improve everyday conditions, to support daily life, and to survive. In the areas of production and reproduction, and in terms of behavior, social relationships, and consciousness, forms of resistance against the ruling power and the daily routine are omnipresent and work together simultaneously. Thus, due to these characteristics, acts of everyday resistance affect the North Korean system in complex ways. While everyday resistance can be a factor in increasing social instability in short-term at the local level, it can also act to stabilize the system overall on a more long-term basis. On the other hand, it is possible that everyday resistance may encounter certain historical events that cause it to develop into a more aggressive, collective form of resistance.

Molecular Marker Development and Gene Cloning for Diverse Disease Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Current Status and Prospects

Geleta Dugassa Barka,이준대 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.2

The production of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is hindered by several biotic factors even though stridingprogresses were made in genetic improvement in the last two decades. Among the advancements were the fast-track geneticimprovement of disease-resistant varieties by the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and the conventional breeding-based introgressionof major resistance genes. Marker development, marker-based identification and fine mapping have revealed a large numberof resistance genes, from which cloning of some candidate genes demonstrated the applicability and versatility of map-based cloningfor disease resistance. In some of the recent fine mapping of disease resistance QTLs, closely linked DNA markers were identified,which in turn resulted in the rapid introgression of target gene(s) into breeding lines. Also, progresses were made on the characterizationand map-based cloning of resistance genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance. As the number of identified and characterizedresistance genes and the DNA markers linked to resistance genes are steadily generated, the development of multiple/durable resistanceto major chili pepper diseases is accelerated by MAS. In the present review, the development of molecular markers, marker-basedmapping of genes conferring resistance to ten major chili pepper diseases were discussed, focusing on the recent advancements in majorand QTL-spanning resistance gene mapping. The review provides up-to-date insights into the development of DNA markers linked todisease resistance genes and the cloning of resistance genes, which are all so crucial in pepper breeding for disease resistance.

요한계시록의 저항 언어: 유대 묵시문헌과의 상호텍스트성 분석을 중심으로

한철흠 ( Chul Heum Han ) 한국개혁신학회 2018 한국개혁신학 Vol.59 No.-

이 논문은 요한계시록을 고난과 저항의 관점에서 새롭게 읽으려는 시도이다. 요한계시록은 독자들이 하나님의 종말론적 구원을 기다리도록 함으로써 평화주의 혹은 무저항을 옹호한다는 일반적 견해에 맞서, 논자는 요한계시록의 저항 언어가 폭력 저항을 배제하면서 수동적 인내와 능동적 저항의 긴장 관계를 유지한다는 주장을 편다. 이 해석은 요한계시록의 저항 언어를 유대 묵시문헌과의 상호텍스트성 관점에서 재구성한 것이다. 유대 묵시문헌은 무저항 혹은 비폭력 저항뿐만 아니라 폭력 저항의 메시지를 담고 있다. 에스라4서, 에녹 서신, 모세승천기 등은 무저항 혹은 비폭력 저항을 지지하는 반면에, 동물 묵시록, 몇 주간의 묵시록, 전쟁 두루마리, 아브라함 묵시록, 시빌의 신탁 제5권 등은 폭력 저항을 옹호한다. 요한계시록의 저항 언어는 수동적 인내와 능동적 저항의 긴장 관계를 유지한다. 요한계시록은 짐승으로 대표되는 악의 세력이 막강한 권세를 행사하는 종말의 특정한 시기에 그리스도인들이 폭력 저항을 삼가고(계 13:10)경제적 고난을 감내함으로써(계 13:16-17) 수동적으로 인내해야 함을 말한다. 반면에, 요한계시록 14장 4절 및 17장 14절에 암시된 성전(聖戰)의 개념은 유대 묵시문헌이 말하는 폭력 저항을 옹호하지는 않지만, 종말론적 전쟁이라는 능동적 저항의 메시지를 담고 있다. 또한, 요한계시록에는 정의의 실현을 요구하는 기도라는 비폭력적이지만 능동적인 저항의 언어가 담겨 있다(계 6:10; 8:3). 독자들에게 요구되는 수동적 인내와 능동적 저항 사이의 긴장 관계는 어린 양과 사자로 상징되는 예수 그리스도의 이중적 이미지와 연관된다. This article is an attempt to read the Book of Revelation in light of suffering and resistance. Over against the popular view that Revelation encourages the readers to wait on God for eschatological salvation and in so doing endorses pacifism or nonresistance, this article argues that Revelation’s resistance language maintains a tension between passive endurance and active resistance, while falling short of endorsing violent resistance. For this purpose, I have tried to read Revelation in terms of intertextuality. Not only nonresistance or nonviolent resistance but also violent resistance is embedded in Jewish apocalyptic literature. The Animal Apocalypse, the Apocalypse of Weeks, the War Scroll, the Apocalypse of Abraham, and Sibylline Oracle 5 endorse violent resistance, whereas 4 Ezra, the Epistle of Enoch, and the Assumption of Moses support nonresistance or nonviolent resistance. Then, I have pursued an in-depth reading of several key verses of the Apocalypse. I have suggested that Revelation’s resistance language keeps a dialectical tension between passive endurance and active resistance. The Apocalypse en courages the readers to passively endure as it deters them from pursuing assertive resistance, either in militant (Rev. 13:10) or economic terms (Rev. 13:16-17), when the beast is allowed to hold absolute sway at a certain point in time within the apocalyptic framework. Special attention has been paid to Rev. 14:4 and 17:14, which may be taken to allude to a holy war. These verses raise the possibility that Christians are invited to an eschatological war, though their ambiguous terms stop short of endorsing human violence. Besides, the Apocalypse is inscribed with such nonviolent yet active resistance language as prayers for the realization of justice (Rev. 6:10; 8:3). Revelation’s ambivalent attitude toward resistance between passive endurance and active resistance is informed by Jesus’ twofold image as represented by the Lion and the Lamb in Revelation.