국내 광산 종류별 근로자의 유해물질 노출 평가 : 발암성 물질을 중심으로 Focused on Carcinogenie Substanees

신용철,최병순,이병규,이광용,이지태,이종성,이정오,김기웅,고경선,김태균,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2002 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The objective of this study was to assess mining workers' exposures to potentially carcinogenic air contaminants with major non-carcinogenic contaminants in various types of mines in Korea. The number of mines by type was two coal, one mica ore, one lead/zinc ore, one iron ore, and two limestone mines. The concentrations of air contaminants (total/respirable dust. crystalline silica, chromium, lead, nickel, berillum, cadmium, and fibrous particulate) were determined. The geometric means (GMs) of total dust concentrations at coal, mica, lead/ zinc ore, iron ore and limestone mines were 18.9, 1.82, 1.45, 0.95, and 1.29 ㎎/㎥, respectively, and was significantly different among the kind of mines (p</0.05). Average total dust concentrations in coal mines exceeded the occupational exposure limit for coal dust (5㎎/㎥) established by the Korea Minisry of Labor. The GMs of respirable dust concentration at coal, mica, lead/zinc ore, iron ore, coal and limestone mines were 5.15, 0.48, 0.17, 0.70, and 0.35 ㎎/㎥, respectively, and significantly different among the kind of mines (p<0.05). The GMs of total and respirable crystalline silica concentrations at coal mines were 0.13 ㎎/㎥ and 0.05 ㎎/㎥, respectively, and the values at other mines were below the limit of detection or much lower than those of coal mines. Fibrous particulate in air samples was not detected or <0.01 fibers/cc in all mine. Although the concentrations of carcinogenic metals (Cr(Ⅵ), Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni and Be) and non-carcinogenic metals (Fe and Cu) were below the exposure limits in all mines, but the carcinogenic metals were detected at relatively high levels in air samples from coal iron and limestone mines. It was found that the miniers of all the mines were exposed at lower levels to mixture of potential carcinogens and that particularly the coal miners would have the higher risks of cancer with pneumoconiosis.

국내 광업관련 법·제도의 광물 채굴제한 거리 및 심도에 관한 연구

최성웅,이승중,김병렬,전병규,임우성,전석원 한국자원공학회 2014 한국자원공학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Laws and institutions related to mining restriction/prohibition were established to protect surface structures and prevent reckless underground development. But, mine owners and employees have claimed that these restrictions could discourage domestic mining activities. This study was conducted to analyze rationality of articles related to mining restriction or prohibition in current Mining Laws and Mine Safety Law Enforcement Regulation. To achieve this, the authors reviewed the history of amendment and enactment of these laws, and investigated the validity of mining restriction range defined in articles related to mining restriction. Also mining restriction depth was analyzed by probabilistic study analysis of domestic subsidence occurrence cases. 채굴제한 및 금지와 관련된 법·제도는 지표시설물을 보호하고 무분별한 지하 광산 개발을 방지하기 위해 규정되었다. 하지만 광업종사자들은 이러한 법·제도가 국내 유용한 자원을 사장시키고 광업활동을 위축시킨다는 의견을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현행 국내 광업법 및 광산보안법에서 제한 또는 금지하고 있는 광물 채굴제한 규정의 합리성을 검토하기 위해서 광업법 및 광산보안법의 개정 연혁을 검토하고, 제한 규정에서 설정하고 있는 범위에 대한 근거를 검토하였다. 또한 국내 지반침하사례를 조사하여 확률론적 접근을 통해 채굴 제한 심도를 검토하였다.

3차원 모델링을 이용한 재개광 양양철광의 운반시스템 설계

손영진(Youngjin Son),김재동(Jaedong Kim) 한국암반공학회 2012 터널과지하공간 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구에서는 재개광을 계획하고 있는 (구)양양철광의 수갱광체를 연구대상으로 설정하고 이를 재개광하기 위한 운반시스템의 구축을 목적으로 광체 및 광체 주변의 지질구조와 구갱도 현황 및 신갱도 개설 계획을 3차원으로 모델링 하였다. 연구에 사용된 software는 GEMCOM社의 GEMS로써 3차원의 매장량평가, 개발타당성 평가, 운영관리용 프로그램이다. 2차원 지형도와 지표 지질도를 자료로 하여 지표 지형 및 지질을 3차원으로 모델링 하였으며 (구)양양철광 개발 당시 작성된 지질 단면도와 시추자료를 토대로 연구대상지역의 지질 구조 및 광체를 3차원적으로 생성하였다. 수갱광체는 충전된 채굴적, 공동, 잔광으로 구분하여 모델링하고 잔광부의 품위에 대한 시추 정보로부터 지구통계학적 기법을 적용하여 품위별 매장량 평가 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 기존 2차원 구갱도 개설 현황 자료를 이용하여 구갱도에 대한 3차원 모델링을 수행하였고, 무궤도 운반 시스템의 적용을 고려하여 신갱도의 크기와 배치를 3차원으로 설계하였다. 완성된 광체 및 운반 시스템의 3차원 모델을 이용하여 지하선광장의 위치를 선정하였다. 마지막으로 채취한 시료의 암석 물성값들을 기초로 광체 주위에 부존하는 물성을 암종별로 입력하고 지구통계학적 기법을 통해 미조사 부분에 대한 암석물성을 추정할 수 있는 3차원 공학적 모델링을 수행하였다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 얻어진 재개광 광산의 3차원 모델은 매장량 평가 및 개발계획 수립, 추가 탐사 지역의 선정이나 개발 계획의 변경 등의 문제들을 해결하고 체계적이고도 지속적인 광산 개발 기술 확립에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. To achieve mine development, a large amount of data concerned with the geological structure and the ore body had to be investigated and collected through geological survey, drilling and geophysical explorations. In most previous cases, however, the data were usually analyzed two dimensionally and those results showed some limits because of their 2D presentation. Those 2D maps such as geological plane sections or longitudinal sections cause lots of difficulties in understanding the complex geological structure or the feature of ore body in a spatial way. In this study, research area was set on the abandoned Yangyang iron mine in Korea and the Sugaeng ore body within the mine was selected as the research target to design a mine haulage system for reopening. A 3D mine model of this area was tried to be constructed using a 3D modelling software, GEMS. An accurate 3D model including the ore body, the geological structure, the old underground mine drifts and the new mine drifts was constructed under the purpose of reopening of the abandoned iron mine. Especially, mine design for trackless haulage system was conducted. New inclines and drifts were planned and modelled 3 dimensionally considering the utilization of old drifts and shaft. In addition to the 3D modelling, geostatistical technique was adopted to generate a spatial distribution of the ore grade and the rock physical properties. 3D model would be able to contribute in solving problems such as evaluating ore reserves, planning the mine development and additional explorations and changing the development plans, etc.

Review of photovoltaic and wind power systems utilized in the mining industry

Choi, Yosoon,Song, Jinyoung PERGAMON 2017 RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.75 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper reports recent efforts made by the mining industry in adapting and applying photovoltaic (PV) and wind power systems at operating and abandoned mines around the world. Several applications of PV systems have been found at operating mines such as the Goldstrike mine in USA, Chuquicamata mine in Chile, Weipa and DeGrussa mines in Australia, Thaba mine in South Africa, and the Rosebel mine in Suriname. A few PV systems were also identified at abandoned mines in USA, Germany, Canada, and Korea. Applications of wind power systems in operating mines were investigated, including those at the Veladero mine in Argentina, Diavik and Raglan mines in Canada; and the Los Pelambres mine in Chile. In addition, some large-scale wind farms constructed at abandoned mines in the USA (i.e., Dave Johnston, Somerset, and Buffalo Mountain) were studied. From the review, we learned that PV and wind power systems have been utilized at mines operating in remote areas to resolve energy supply problems, and at abandoned mines to foster substitute industries able to benefit from exhausted mines. Because the utilization of PV and wind power systems by the mining industry will have positive effects in both environmental and economic terms, it is expected to continue to spread.</P>

광산관리와 채굴계획 수립을 위한 레이저스캐너의 활용

박준규,정갑용 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.6

The mines in our country are complex in geography and shape and because of its small scale, accurate surveying performance and 3D modeling are necessary for mine development and management and mining plans. However, due to the data acquisition and processing technology and economy, the existing methods are currently used. The structure, mining, and mining area of the mine are recorded and managed based on the 2D drawings. As a result, it is true that there is risk of accidents caused by problems of accuracy as well as waste of personnel and time. In recent years, research data on geology and geospatial information on mines have been integrated into a database in foreign countries, and they are used for mine management and mining planning. In this study, we tried to construct spatial information for mining management and mining plan using laser scanner. Through research, spatial information about the mine was effectively obtained and produced data modeled through data processing. The 3D model for mining mines is expected to be a valuable tool for establishing and operating a safe mining plan for mines. 우리나라의 광산은 지질학적인 구조와 형상이 복잡하며, 규모가 작기 때문에 광산의 개발 및 관리와 채굴계획 수립에 정교한 측량성과와 3D 모델링이 필요하다. 하지만 데이터 취득 및 처리 기술과 경제성으로 인해 현재 기존의 방법을 이용하고 있다. 광산의 구조, 갱도, 채굴면적 등을 2D 도면을 기반으로 기록 및 관리하고 있으며, 이로 인해 인력과 시간의 낭비는 물론 정확도 문제로 인한 사고의 위험도 가지고 있는 실정이다. 최근 외국에서는 지질에 대한 조사 자료와 광산에 대한 공간정보를 통합하여 데이터베이스화 하고, 이를 광산관리 및 채굴계획 수립에 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 레이저스캐너를 활용하여 광산관리와 채굴계획 수립을 위한 공간정보를 구축하고자 하였다. 연구를 통해 광산에 대한 공간정보를 효과적으로 취득하고, 자료처리를 통해 모델링 된 데이터를 생성할 수 있었다. 광산관리를 위한 3D 모델은 광산의 안전한 채굴계획 수립과 운영에 중요한 도구로써 활용이 기대된다.

Hydrochemical assessment of environmental status of surface and ground water in mine areas in South Korea: Emphasis on geochemical behaviors of metals and sulfate in ground water

Kim, Duk-Min,Yun, Seong-Taek,Cho, Yuri,Hong, Ji-Hye,Batsaikhan, Bayartungalag,Oh, Junseop Elsevier 2017 Journal of geochemical exploration Vol.183 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, hydrochemistry of ground and surface water collected around six metalliferous mines and one coal mine in South Korea was investigated to evaluate the status of mining-related impact and pollution. Groundwater system under the mine impact shows varying degrees of immobilization and retardation of heavy metals during the flow. SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> is shown to be the most reliable indicator of the mining impact on groundwater, as it reflects the degree of initial sulfide oxidation even after subsequent removal of metals; SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> is also less prone to sorption, precipitation, and geochemical reduction. A good correlation between the concentrations of SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> and the sum of Ca and Mg is observed, indicating that SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> represents the degree of dissolution of Ca- and Mg-bearing carbonates and silicates (i.e., neutralization of acidic water to circumneutral pH) by generated H<SUP>+</SUP> that is proportional to SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>. The higher Zn/Cd ratios of ores and water than those of tailings and precipitates indicate a more preferential immobilization of Cd, and this ratio also reflects the inherent composition of each ore. The modified HPI (Heavy Metal Pollution Index) consisting of the measured concentrations and respective environmental standards of Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> is suggested as MPI (Mine Pollution Index) to overall reliably evaluate the status of mining-related water pollution. The plot of SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> versus MPI is very effective to identify the contaminated mine water and its evolution, including the source and the pathways consisting of immobilization (precipitation, sorption) and dilution of contaminants in groundwater system. This study shows that a careful examination of the relationship between MPI and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> can be very useful to identify diverse geochemical processes occurring in groundwater affected by mine drainage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigated the status of mining-related trace metal pollution of surface and ground water. </LI> <LI> SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> is a reliable chemical indicator of the status of mining impact on groundwater. </LI> <LI> The high Zn/Cd ratios of ores and water indicate a more preferential immobilization of Cd. </LI> <LI> The SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> versus MPI plots characterize the generation and behaviors of pollutants in mine drainage. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Survey on Ontology based Web Usage Mining

Vandana M. Patil,J. B. Patil 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.12

The exponential increase in information, users and number of Websites on WWW has given rise to number of challenges. The most important challenge is the effective and systematic management of this massive Web data. For Web users, it is very difficult to access relevant information quickly and efficiently. And for Web site owners, it is very difficult to satisfy their users’ information needs effectively. Web Usage Mining has been used to deal with aforesaid issues. The Web Usage Mining techniques are solely based on knowledge acquired through the analysis of the users’ navigational behavior. Hence, quality of discovered patterns is low. Recent studies show that, semantically enriched Web Usage Mining enhances the quality of discovered patterns. The semantically enriched Web is called as Semantic Web, and this new form of Web Usage mining is called as Semantic Web Usage Mining. It is also called as Ontology based Web Usage Mining, as Ontologies act as backbone for conceptual description of semantic knowledge in Semantic Web. In this paper, we have presented brief overview of conventional Web usage mining and performed an extensive survey of research work done in ontology based web usage mining.

폐금속광산이 인근지역 주민건강에 미치는 영향

사공준 ( Joon Sakong ) 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2S

About 1,000 metal mines have been abandoned all over the country in the Korea. Major reasons for mine closure may be mainly due to poor economies of the commodity making mining unprofitable, and technical difficulties, Abandoned mines are known to contaminate soil, surface water, and private drinking water wells with toxic metals and arsenic (As), Little attention is given, however, to sites in rural areas with low population densities where natural, geologic sources of contaminants might also occur. Abandoned heavy metal mines have been identified as one of the major concerns because of their significant long-term environmental problems. The topic of abandoned mines is complex because of the associated financial and legal liability implications. 1) In the Korea, most of the metal mine were in operation from 1940s to 1970s, before ceasing operation because of the decline in world market price for the commodity. Mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining and these calcines were dumped into nearby mine. It is estimated that about 50,000 people reside in the nearby abandoned mines. Recently the Korean government decided to apply public health assessment for the investigation of increasing complaints of unusual symptoms or public concern among residents of vicinity of abandoned mines. Several health reports revealed significant elevation of blood lead, cadmium, mercury and urine arsenic levels exceeding the background level or recommended exposure level. Even though the heavy metal specific toxic symptoms were not found, the association was seen between high blood metal levels and the distance from dumping area to residential district, These findings emphasizes the need to test soil, corps and drinking water in the vicinity of abandoned mines to determine the extent of risk to human health and to reduce the estimated carcinogenic risk and the noncarcinogenic hazard.

자본주의와 사회주의 국가의 현대시에 투영된 노동의식 비교 연구 - 남한·북한·중국의 탄광시가 지닌 문학치료적 관점을 중심으로

정연수 어문연구학회 2023 어문연구 Vol.116 No.-

This study compared the coal mine poetry of South Korea, North Korea, and China and examined them together in terms of literary therapy. The coal mine poems of North Korea and Korean-Chinese, which were used as text, were collected through university libraries in China, and some were supplemented with materials published in Korea. Coal mine poems in South Korea mainly dealt with exploitation by capitalists, the reality of poverty, and the pain of intense labor. In the coal mines of North Korea and China, the romance of the coal mine labor field, the optimism of the miner's life, and the patriotism toward coal production were mainly shown. Looking at the emotional side of poetry, while South Korean coal mine poetry revealed despair and pessimism, North Korean and Chinese works revealed revolutionary romanticism and optimistic sentiment. If South Korea's coal mines gained the effect of catharsis and therapy through candid expression of self-emotions, coal mines in North Korea and China played a role in imparting pride to miners. It was also confirmed that North Korea's coal mining poetry coincided with the Chinese poetic world, but appeared in the opposite aspect to South Korea's poetry. The reality of coal mine labor is similar between North and South Korea, but the aspect of expressing it in poetry is greatly different depending on the difference in system. This can be seen as the reflection of the capitalist system that prioritizes the individual and the socialist system that prioritizes the social group of the working class in the coal mine. Coal mines in South Korea are voicing not only individual sincere feelings, but also the absurd problems of the labor field in the social structure. It can also be seen as paving the way for a cure for the problems that society experiences as the miner's personal pain is revealed through poetry. 본고는 남한·북한·중국의 탄광시를 비교하면서 문학치료적 측면에서 함께 살폈다. 텍스트로 삼은 북한과 중국 조선족의 탄광시는 중국지역 대학도서관을 통해 수집하였으며, 일부는 국내에 출판된 자료를 통해 보완했다. 남한의 탄광시는 자본가에 의한 착취나 가난한 현실, 강도 높은 노동의 고통 등을 주로 다루었다. 북한과 중국의 탄광시에서는 탄광노동현장의 낭만성, 광부 생활의 낙천성, 석탄생산을 향한 애국심 등이 주로 나타났다. 시의 정서적 측면에서 살펴보자면 남한의 탄광시가 절망감과 비관적 감정을 드러낼 때, 북한과 중국의 작품에서는 혁명적 낭만성과 낙관적 정서를 드러냈다. 남한의 탄광시가 자기감정의 진솔한 토로를 통해 카타르시스와 시치료의 효과를 얻었다면, 북한과 중국의 탄광시는 광부의 긍지를 부여하는 역할을 했다. 북한의 탄광시에 나타난 관점은 중국의 시세계와 일치하지만, 남한의 시작품과는 반대 양상으로 나타나는 것도 확인했다. 탄광노동 실상은 남북한이 비슷하지만, 체제의 차이에 따라 시로 표현하는 양상이 크게 다르게 나타난 것이다. 이는 개인을 우선하는 자본주의 체제와 노동계급의 사회집단을 우선하는 사회주의 체제가 탄광시에도 반영된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 남한의 탄광시는 개인의 진솔한 감정뿐만 아니라 사회 구조속에서 노동현장이 처한 부조리한 문제도 함께 목소리를 내고 있다. 광부 개인의 고통이 시를 통해 발설되면서 사회가 겪는 문제점에 대한 치료의 길을 내는 것으로도 볼 수 있다.

점진적 가중화 맥시멀 대표 패턴 마이닝의 최신 기법 분석, 유아들의 물품 패턴 분석 시나리오 및 성능 분석

윤은일,윤은미 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.21 No.2

Data mining techniques have been suggested to find efficiently meaningful and useful information. Especially, in the big data environments, as data becomes accumulated in several applications, related pattern mining methods have been proposed. Recently, instead of analyzing not only static data stored already in files or databases, mining dynamic data incrementally generated in a real time is considered as more interesting research areas because these dynamic data can be only one time read. With this reason, researches of how these dynamic data are mined efficiently have been studied. Moreover, approaches of mining representative patterns such as maximal pattern mining have been proposed since a huge number of result patterns as mining results are generated. As another issue, to discover more meaningful patterns in real world, weights of items in weighted pattern mining have been used, In real situation, profits, costs, and so on of items can be utilized as weights. In this paper, we analyzed weighted maximal pattern mining approaches for data generated incrementally. Maximal representative pattern mining techniques, and incremental pattern mining methods. And then, the application scenarios for analyzing the required commodity patterns in infants are presented by applying weighting representative pattern mining. Furthermore, the performance of state-of-the-art algorithms have been evaluated. As a result, we show that incremental weighted maximal pattern mining technique has better performance than incremental weighted pattern mining and weighted maximal pattern mining. 데이터마이닝 기법들은 의미 있고 유용한 정보를 효율적으로 찾기 위해서 제안되어 왔다. 특별히, 빅 데이터 환경에서 데이터가여러 응용들에서 축적되어짐에 따라, 관련된 패턴 마이닝 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 최근에는 파일이나 데이터베이스에 이미 저장되어 있는 정적 데이터를 분석하는 대신에 점진적으로 생성되는 동적 데이터를 마이닝 하는 것이 더 흥미 있는 연구영역으로 고려되고 있는데 동적데이터는 단지 한번만 스캔하여 읽을 수 있기 때문이다. 이와 같은 이유로, 어떻게 동적 데이터를 효율적으로 마이닝 하는지에 대한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 더불어서, 마이닝 결과로 거대한 수의 패턴들이 생성되기 떄문에, 맥시멀 패턴 마이닝과 같은 대표 패턴들을 마이닝하는 접근방법들도 제안되고 있다. 또 다른 이슈로, 실세계에서 더 의미있는 패턴들을 발견하기 위해, 가중화 패턴 마이닝에서 아이템들의 가중치가 사용되고 있다. 실제 상황에서 아이템의 이익이나 가격 등이 가중치로 사용 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 점진적으로 생성되는 데이터에 대한 가중화 맥시멀 패턴 마이닝, 맥시멀 대표 패턴 마이닝 그리고 점진적 패턴 마이닝 기법들에 대해 분석한다. 그리고 가중화 대표 패턴 마이닝을 적용하여서 유아들에게서 필요로 하는 물품 패턴들을 분석하기 위한 응용 시나리오를 제시한다. 추가로, 분석한 마이닝 알고리즘들에 대한 성능 평가를 수행한다. 결과적으로, 점진적 가