Calcium Channel Blocker가 사염화탄소에 의한 간손상에 미치는 영향 및 조직학적 검경

전명애,정춘식,정기화 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學論文誌 Vol.9 No.1

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) induces the hepatotoxicity due to the reactive free radicals generated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzyme, which result in destabilization of cellular membrane. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYP-450 enzyme activities. To study the effect of diltiazem in CCl_4-treated rats, we measured the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), contents of bilirubin, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine malondialdehyde and calcium. Also we conducted liver histopathologic examinations. Diltiazem, when administered 1 hour prior to CCl_4 treatment, significantly reduced the activities of ALT and AST, the contents of microsomal malondialdehyde and calcium in liver and microsome as compared with those of CCl_4-treated rats. In addition, histopathologic examination showed that diltiazem prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by CCl_4 in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radicals and the influx of calcium. Therefore diltiazem may be applied to suppress the liver damage caused by CCl_4.

Acetaminophen에 의해 유도된 흰쥐의 간손상에 미치는 Calcium Channel Blocker의 효과 및 조직학적 소견

이은경,정기화,정춘식 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學論文誌 Vol.9 No.1

해열 및 진통효과를 가진 APAP는 과량 복용시 CYP-450에 의해 독성 유발 물질인 NAPQI로 대사되어 간장과 세포막을 붕괴시켜 세포내 calcium유입을 증가시킴으로서 간세포의 괴사를 일으킨다. DIL은 CYP-450 작용을 억제하는 것으로 알려진 칼슘채널차단제이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 APAP 300 mg/kg을 경구 투여한 후 3, 6, 9 및 12시간에 DIL을 복강내로 투여하여 DIL이 APAP의 독성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. APAP투여 12시간후 DIL 투여군에서 혈청과 간조직의 생호학적 분석과 조직학적 관찰에서 간손상의 개선 효과가 확인되었으며, 이는 세포내로의 calcium 유입과 지질과산화의 억제 및 GST의 활성도 증가에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 APAP 과량 복용 12시간 후의 DIL 투여는 간손상의 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. The acetaminophen (APAP), an antipyretic and analgesic agent, induces the hepatotoxicity by increasing influx of calcium and destabilizing the cellular membrance which can be caused by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine generated by cytochrome P-450(CYP-450) when it is overdosed. Diltiazem(DIL), a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYP-450 activities. To study the effect of DIL in APAP treated rats, the serum biotransformational enzyme analyses and the liver histopathologic examination were conducted on the rats which had been administered DIL at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the 3,000 ㎎/㎏ of APAP administration. Following a single dose of DIL administered 12 hours after APAP administration, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, malondialdehyde and calcium contents of liver and microsome were significantly reduced. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased. Histopathologic studies showed that DIL had prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by APAP in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radical and the influx of calcium and could increase GST activity. Therefore, diltiazem can be administered at the time of 12 hours after overdosed APAP to diminish the liver damage.

배 장십랑품종의 저장 전 $CaCl_2$처리에 따른 과실 칼슘함량과 과실특성의 변화

최종승,이주연,Choi, Jong-Seung,Lee, Ju-Youn 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 自然科學論文集 Vol.10 No.1

장십랑 배를 수확한 후에 $CaCl_2$에 침지 또는 감압침지하므로 과실의 칼슘함량이 증가되었다. 특히 과피와 과피직하 과육의 칼슘증가량이 많았다. 단순침지의 경우 $CaCl_2$의 농도가 2%에서 8%까지 높아질수록 과실의 칼슘함량이 증가되어 효과적이었고, 감압침지의 경우 200-600mmHg의 감압범위에서는 차이가 없었으며, 단순 침지와 감압침지 간에도 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 처리 4주 후의 과실경도의 저하는 $CaCl_2$ 처리로 칼슘함량이 증가된 과실에서 둔화되었다. Postharvest dipping of vacuum infiltration treatments of 'Chojuro' pear fruit in $CaCl_2$ resulted in increased calcium content, especially in fruit peel and outer flesh such as just below peel. As $CaCl_2$ concentrations increaced from 2% to 8% in dipping treatment, calcium content became higher. But vacuum infiltration under 200-600 mmHg did not affect and dipping and vaccum infiltration did not have any difference in fruit calcium content. Decreasing of fruit firmness determined at 4 weeks during storage was slower in fruits with $CaCl_2$ treatment than control.

고충전지 개발을 위한 하이브리드 탄산칼슘 충전제의 이용

최진성,강동석,한정수,서영범 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이기술 Vol.50 No.6

High filler loading in printing paper enables papermakers to reduce production cost, drying energy, and carbon dioxide emission as long as all the paper essential properties are satisfied. The hybrid calcium carbonate (HCC) was prepared by injecting carbon dioxide to the pre-flocculated mixture of grounded calcium carbonate (GCC) and calcium oxide particles in aqueous medium. HCC made the paper sheet bulkier, stronger, and stiffer than GCC did, but slightly lower in solid contents. Higher wet pressing pressure was applied to the HCC containing sheets in the lab, and it was found that they were still bulkier, stronger, and stiffer, and gave higher solid contents than the GCC though their physical properties were slightly lower than the HCC sheets from original wet pressing pressure case. Comparison of HCC sheet containing 5-10% more fillers to the GCC sheet suggests that there might be possible to increase at least 5% more fillers without loss of physical properties.

Cytosolic Calcium Alteration and Cell Injury by Silica in Rat Hepatocytes

Cha, Seok Ho,Cha, Shin Woo,Ko, Chang Bo,Yu, Soung Roung,Kim, Hye Sun,Paik, Sang Gi 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of silica on cytosolic free calcium mobilization and cell injury in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca^2+]_1) was measured employing calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fura-2/AM, and cell injury was evaluated by determination of cellular ATP contents. Silica increased [Ca^2+]_1 in a concentration-dependent manner in hepatocytes (10^-5∼10^-2 M). Silica caused a biphasic increase in [Ca^2+]_1 which was composed of an initial rapid rise and following sustained phase. Ca^2+ removal from the medium resulted in abolishment of initial and sustained phase of silica (10^-2 M)-induced [Ca^2+]_1 in hepatocytes. The pretreatment with nifedipine (1 μM) attenuated silica-induced [Ca^2+]_1 increases. Silica decreased cellular ATP content in a dose-dependent manner. This silica-induced cell injury was attenuated by the pretreatment with EGTA (100 μM) and nifedipine (1 μM). This study suggests that the elevation of [Ca^2+]_1 caused by silica may be due mainly to influx through a plasma membrane Ca^2+ channel and hepatotoxicity by silica relate with alteration of calcium homeostasis.

땅콩 분말을 첨가한 청국장의 품질 특성

김미화,김선희,조희숙,박복희 한국식품저장유통학회 2016 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Cheonggukjang was prepared by addition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) powder in order to improve its quality and functional properties. The physicochemical and sensory properties of Cheonggukjang added peanut powder were investigated, after adding the peanut powder with the amount of 5, 15 and 25% (w/w). The proximate composition of peanut powder was as follows: moisture, 1.80%; crude protein, 24.9%; crude lipid, 48.3%; crude ash, 2.90%; and carbohydrates, 22.1%. Crude protein and lipid content of Cheonggukjang increased with increaes in the amounts of peanut powder, while the moisture content decreased. Calcium and amino acid contents showed disparity depending on the increasing addition of peanut powder. Cheonggukjang containing 15% (w/v) peanut powder was found to be highest calcium contents. The major amino acids of Cheonggukjang were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, arginine and proline. Depending on increasing amounts of peanut powder, the L and b values (measured using Hunter’s color values) were decreased, while the a value was increased. In addition, pH was decreased as the amount of peanut powder was increased. Sensory scores of Cheonggukjang containing 15% (w/v) peanut powder were best when considering both quality characteristics and sensory evaluation. This study suggested that peanut powder could enhance the quality and functionality of Cheonggukjang further.

Potential Mechanisms Associated with Strawberry Fruit Firmness Increases Mediated by Elevated pCO2

황용수,민정호,김대영,김진국,Donald J. Huber 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.1

Postharvest treatment of strawberry fruit with an elevated pCO2 induces transient increases in the fruit firmness. The mechanism responsible for this firmness increase is not clearly understood. This study addressed the physiological responses of strawberry fruit to CO2 treatment to understand the factors to induce firmness increase. High CO2treatment induced modification of pectic polymers, the decrease of water-soluble pectins (WSP) and increase of chelator-soluble pectins (CSP), which are the major factors for firmness increase. The shift of WSP to CSP is related with calcium binding to WSP. The calcium binding to wall polymers was induced without changes of PME activity and methoxy content of WSP and CSP. Our results suggested that fruit firmness increase of strawberry by postharvest CO2treatment occurred primarily through pectin polymerization mediated by calcium.

심층혼합공법에서 순환자원을 활용한 지반안정재의 최적 단위결합재량 산정에 관한 연구

서세관(Se-Gwan Seo),이강수(Khang-Soo Lee),김유성(You-Seong Kim),조대성(Dae-sung Cho) 한국지반신소재학회 2019 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.2

심층혼합공법에 지반안정재를 사용하는 경우, 흙의 종류와 입도분포, 함수비 등의 조건에 따라 압축강도의 발현이 다르게 나타날 수 있어 지반의 안정성을 확보하기 위해 필요한 단위결합재량을 산정하기 위해서는 실내에서의 배합시험을 통해 설계기준강도의 만족 여부를 확인하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해 순환유동층 보일러의 연소재를 고로슬래그의 알칼리 활성화 반응의 자극재로 활용하여 개발한 심층혼합공법용 지반안정재에 대해 다양한 단위결합재량을 적용하여 부산, 여수, 인천지역에서 채취한 점토와 혼합한 후 실내시험을 실시하여 압축강도의 발현효과를 고로슬래그 시멘트와 비교·평가하였다. 또한 국내에서 심층혼합공법에 개발된 지반안정재를 적용하는 경우, 실내에서의 배합시험을 수행하지 않고 단위결합재량을 산정할 수 있도록 실내시험 결과를 종합적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 물/결합재비(W/B)가 70%인 경우, γB=(108.93+0.0284qu)±35, 물/결합재비(W/B)가 80%인 경우, γB= (122.93+0.0270qu)±40의 관계가 있는 것으로 도출되었다. The compressive strength of the soil stabilizer in the deep mixing method (DMM) depends on kinds of soil, particle size distribution, and water content. Because of this, Laboratory test has to perform to estimate the unit weight of binder to confirm the satisfaction of the design strength. In this study, uniaxial compression strength was measured by mixing the soil stabilizers developed in the previous study with clay in Busan, Yeosu, and Incheon area. And the strength enhancement effect was evaluated comparing with blast furnace slag cement (BFSC). Also, the relationship between the unit content of binder and uniaxial compressive strength was investigated in order to easily calculate the unit weight of binder required to ensure the stability of the ground at the field. As the results of the analysis, the relationship between the unit content of binder and the uniaxial compressive strength are γB=(108.93+0.0284qu)±35 when W/B is 70%, and γB=(122.93+0.0270qu)±40 when W/B is 80%.

Investigations for Chemical Parameters Effect on Swelling Characteristics of Expansive Soils

Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy,Bijayananda Mohanty,Bendadi Hanumantha Rao 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.11

A comprehensive understanding of the chemical parameters effect can greatly aid in selecting the most compatible additive and stabilization technique to treat expansive clays. In the present study, influence of chemical parameters (total, leachable and exchangeable forms of sodium and calcium) on swelling (swelling potential, Sa, and swelling pressure, Sp) and consistency properties is quantified by relating them in the form of histograms. It is, in general, noticed that swelling property increases, reaches a peak, and thereafter, decreases with an increase in sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) content. The value of Ca, Na, and Ca/Na ratio induced maximum swelling to soils are measured in the range of 3 − 7%, 0.5 − 0.8%, and 8 −11.5 for total, 75 − 103 mg/kg, 108 − 164 mg/kg, and 0.7 − 1.12 for leachable, and 0.8 − 2.5 and 50 − 100 meq/100 g, 2 − 6 meq/100 g, and 0.2 − 0.5 for exchangeable forms. Three forms including, total, leachable, and exchangeable are found to have a distinct impact on swelling property. The results revealed that Ca/Na ratio, not the individual Ca or Na content, is the better parameter to estimate Sa and Sp of soils. Pertinent to exchangeable form, it is noticed that (a) the range within which Na has pronounced effect on Sa, the impact of Ca in the same range has obscured, (b) Ca/Na ratio, which varied over wider range from 2 − 120, could be a potential parameter for classifying expansive soils, and (c) exchangeable Ca has no bearing on Sp regardless of its intensity. From the results of the study, it is recommended for expansive clays to accord importance to chemical parameters of the above prescribed limits to design effective foundation systems, avoid swelling induced damage to superstructure, identify the most practicable additive, and select remedial technique to mitigate swelling.

녹차 첨가식이가 칼슘 결핍 난소절제 쥐의 골밀도 및 골함량에 미치는 영향

최미자(Mi-Ja Choi),정윤정(Yun-Jung Jung) 한국차학회 2010 한국차학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea powder on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats (Ovx) fed a calcium-deficient diet. Twenty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 200 ± 5 g) were divided into three groups: Sham, Ovx control (Ovx-C) and Ovx green tea powder (Ovx-GTP). Each group was randomly divided into control and test subgroups, the latter of which was fed a green tea powder-supplemented diet. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated by using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in the spine and femur after feeding. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly higher in the Ovx groups than in the Sham control group, regardless of diet. Spine BMD, spine BMD per body weight and spine BMC per body weight were significantly lower in the Ovx groups than in the Sham control group. However, there was no significant differences according to green tea powder intake. In addition, there were no significant differences in spine BMC, femur BMD or femur BMC among all test groups. Femur BMD per body weight and femur BMC per body weight were significantly lower in the Ovx groups than in the Sham control group.