Gomisin A improves scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice

Kim, Dong Hyun,Hung, Tran Manh,Bae, Ki Hwan,Jung, Ji Wook,Lee, Seungjoo,Yoon, Byung Hoon,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Ko, Kwang Ho,Ryu, Jong Hoon Elsevier 2006 european journal of pharmacology Vol.542 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Gomisin A is a component of the fruits of <I>Schizandra chinesis</I> which are widely used as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we assessed the effect of gomisin A on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. The cognition-enhancing effect of gomisin A was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1?mg/kg, i.p.). Gomisin A (5?mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice by the passive avoidance test and the Y-maze test (<I>P</I><0.05), and also improved escape latency in the Morris water maze test at 5?mg/kg (<I>P</I><0.05). Moreover, in an <I>in vitro</I> study, gomisin A was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC<SUB>50</SUB> value; 15.5?μM). These results suggest that gomisin A may be a useful cognitive impairment treatment, and its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, via enhancing the cholinergic nervous system.</P>

The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice

Kim, Dong Hyun,Jeon, Su Jin,Son, Kun Ho,Jung, Ji Wook,Lee, Seungjoo,Yoon, Byung Hoon,Lee, Jong-Ju,Cho, Young-Wuk,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Ko, Kwang Ho,Ryu, Jong Hoon WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid and was originally isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, one of the most important medic-inal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorating efTects of oroxylin A on memory impairment using the passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by administering scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Oroxylin A (5 mg/kg) significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice by passive avoidance and the Y-maze testing (p<.05). Oroxylin A also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P<.05). Moreover, the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A were antagonized by both muscimol and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively), which are GABA, receptor agonjsts. Furthermore, oroxylin A (100μM) was found to inhibit GABA-induced inward CI^(-) current in a single cortical neuron. These results suggest that oroxylin A may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by cholinergic dysfunction via the GABAergic nervous system.

발효당귀의 인지기능 및 기억력 향상효과

서민준(Minjun Seo),박진한(Jinhan Park),이제현(Jehyun Lee),정지욱(Jiwook Jung) 한국한의학연구원 2011 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Objective : In the present study, we assessed the enhancing effect of the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix on memory and cognitive function in scopolamine induced amnesia mice. Method : The memory and cognitive enhancing effect of the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine. Result : The fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix significantily reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test. Moreover, the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze. On the Y-maze test, fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix also significantily reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Conclusion : The fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models.

Memory enhancing activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn. leaves against scopolamine induced memory impairment in Swiss albino mice

Venugopalan Rajesh,Tharayil Riju,Sellamuthu Venkatesh,Ganesan Babu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.2

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the memory enhancing activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn. leaves against scopolamine induced amnesia by elevated plus maze and Y-maze test. The Powdered leaf materials were extracted with 95% ethanol. The dried extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis and free radical scavenging activity. Acute oral toxicity was performed as per OECD guidelines 425. A dose level 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were selected for pharmacological screening. Swiss albino mice of male sex were divided into ten groups of six animals each. Five groups were subjected to evaluation by elevated plus maze and remaining by Y-maze model. Immediately after evaluation, the whole brain of each animal was subjected to determination of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Extract at dose levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant increase in inflexion ratio in elevated plus maze and increase in percentage alternation in Y-maze model compared to negative control animals in respective models. A significant decrease in brain AChE and MDA with a significant increase in GSH, CAT and SOD levels were noted in animals treated with extract in both models. The preliminary analysis of extract showed the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and a potent invitro free radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that, the memory enhancing effect of Lawsonia inermis leaves might be due to enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibition of AChE activity and by stabilizing the antioxidant system.

Ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds alleviates cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine in mice

Tung Thanh Bui,Hai Thanh Nguyen 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.4

Sophora japonica has been shown many beneficial pharmacological activities, including the neuroprotective effects. Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids are bioactive compounds identified presence in Sophora japonica. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds on scopolamine (SCP)-induced cognitive deficits in mice. The modulatory effect of Sophora japonica on memory impairment was investigated using Y-maze and the Morris water maze tasks. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity were measured in brain tissue to investigate the cholinergic effect of Sophora japonica. Pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) were also evaluated in mice brain tissue to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Sophora japonica. Scopolamine induced the cognitive deficits in Y-maze and Morris water maze test along with reducing ACh level and increasing AChE activity and inflammation in brain tissue. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds reduced the SCP-induced memory impairment in both behavioral tests along with reducing inflammation and AChE activity, and increasing ACh level in brain tissue. Our data demonstrated that ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds enhanced cognitive deficits in mice induced by scopolamine, and it is a promising source for the treatment of Alzheimer.

황칠(黃漆) 약침이 정신 스트레스를 받은 백서의 수면 관련 호르몬, 인지에 미치는 영향

조윤송 ( Yun-song Cho ),이유미 ( Yu-mi Lee ),나창수 ( Chang-su Na ),임정화 ( Jung-hwa Lim ),김보경 ( Bo-kyung Kim ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2019 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to check the therapeutic effect of the Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture for insomnia and cognition caused by psychosocial stress. Methods: We separated Wistar rats (older than age 10 weeks, 300 g) into normal, control, positive control (Zolpidem administered, PC), and Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture experimental groups (DPA). Psychosocial stress such as circadian rhythm change, clammy straw, predator stress, restraint stress, noise bursts, and flashing lights were applied to the control, PC, DPA groups. The Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture group was given 0.5×, 1× and 2× amount concentration of Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture, respectively. The levels of Melatonin, Serotonin, Corticosterone, GABA, BDNF and CREB were measured, and the Y-maze test, weight and blood test were performed. Results: In all of the DPA groups, the Melatonin level showed no noticeable difference. In the DPA-2x group, Serotonin increased significantly. In all the experimental groups, Corticosterone decreased significantly and GABA showed increasing tendency. The DPA-1x and DPA-2x groups showed remarkable increase in BDNF and DPA-0.5x and the DPA-2x groups showed significant increase in CREB. The DPA-2x group showed remarkable increase in the Alternation behavior category of the Y-maze test. In all of the experimental groups the weight change showed increasing tendency, whereas no noticeable differences were found among all experimental groups regarding AST, ALT, BUN, Creatinine and CBC. Conclusions: Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture increases levels of serotonin and GABA, decreases corticosterone, increases levels of BDNF and CREB, and increases the ratio of alternation behavior in the Y-maze test. Thus, I suggest that Dendropanax morbifera Pharmacopuncture has the effect of treating insomnia caused by psychosocial stress, activating the brain, and improving cognition.

불안장애 모델에서 iNOS/Nrf2경로와 관련한 감초 추출물의 신경보호

이준선,이길현,현경예 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2015 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.5 No.4

Anxiety is a most common psychological disease, caused by stress. Many drugs for treated anxiety have various side effects and natural resources have a possibility as alternate material to eradicate these side effects. In this study is investigate inflammation modulate effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) Extract in Forced Swimming Test (FST) induced depression rat model. 1 day after FST implemented during 15 min to training for rats, we measured FST and Y-maze test during each 6min, 3min to lock for acute effects of GU Extract, likewise measured behavior response with same method for chronic effects of GU Extract. We orally administerd EU extract 100mg/kg and Sodium Tianeptine 10mg/kg. Researcher result showed oral administration of GUF Extracts significantly redused immobility time and increased total entries, total distance, down regulation of iNOS, Nrf2 expression in medulla oblongata and adrenal gland, anti-anxiety modulatory effect. 불안증은 스트레스에 의해 나타나는 가장 일반적인 정신 질환이다. 불안증을 치료하기 위한 여러 약제들은 다양한 부작용을 가지고 있으며 천연물질은 이러한 부작용을 극복할 대체물질로서 사용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 강제수영실험으로 유도된 불안증 동물 모델에서의 감초 추출물의 염증조절에 따른 신경보호효과를 조사하였다. 랫을 하루 전에 강제수영실험을 15분동안 실시하여 적응시키고, 감초추출물의 경구투여하고 30분 뒤에 급성스트레스효과를 보기 위해 6분동안 강제수영실험, 3분동안 Y자 미로실험을 실시하였다. 5일간의 연속적으로 감초추출물을 경구투여하고 마찬가지로 만성효과를 보기 위해 동일한 방법으로 행동반응을 측정하였다. 감초 추출물을 100mg/kg, 양성 대조군으로 티아넵틴나트륨을 10mg/kg 투여하였다. 실험 결과는 감초추출물의 경구투여가 부동시간을 유의하게 감소시켰고, Y자 미로에서 총 입장횟수와 이동거리가 증가하였으며, 연수와 부신에서 iNOS와 Nrf2의 단백질 발현을 조절하였으며, 항우울 효과를 보여 준 것으로 사료 된다.

The effect of curcumin on blood pressure and cognitive impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Lim Ji Young,Kim Wookyoung,Ha Ae Wha 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It is known that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain could regulate cognitive functions as well as blood pressure. Inhibition of RAS for the improvement of cognitive function may be a new strategy, but studies so far have mostly reported on the effects of RAS inhibition by drugs, and there is no research on cognitive improvement through RAS inhibition of food ingredients. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of curcumin on blood pressure and cognitive function and its related mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm). MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old SHR/Izm rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (CON), scopolamine group (SCO, drug for inducing cognitive deficits), positive control (SCO and tacrine [TAC]), curcumin 100 group (CUR100, SCO + Cur 100 mg/kg), and curcumin 200 group (CUR200, SCO + Cur 200 mg/kg). Changes in blood pressure, RAS, cholinergic system, and cognitive function were compared before and after cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The SCO group showed increased blood pressure and significantly reduced cognitive function based on the y-maze and passive avoidance test. Curcumin treatments significantly improved blood pressure and cognitive function compared with the SCO group. In both the CUR100 and CUR200 groups, the mRNA expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor type1 (AT1), as well as the concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) in brain tissue were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and acetylcholine (ACh) content was significantly increased, compared with the SCO group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of curcumin improved blood pressure and cognitive function in SCO-induced hypertensive mice, indicating that the cholinergic system was improved by suppressing RAS and AT1 receptor expression and increasing the mAChR expression.

Exploration of Key Point Localization Neural Network Architectures for Y-Maze Behavior Test Automation

Gwanghee Lee,Sangjun Moon,Dasom Choi,Gayeon Kim,Kyoungson Jhang 한국정보과학회 2023 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.17 No.3

The Short-term Memory is Impaired in Tryptophan Hydroxylase Transgenic Mice

Ho-Kyew Choi,Sung-Oh Huh 한국실험동물학회 2005 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.21 No.4

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of neurotransmitter serotonin. The serotonin system is functionally implicated in mood disorders and in learning and memory processes. In this report, we have generated four transgenic mouse founder lines by pronuclear injection of TPH eDNA, and have analyzed cellular and behavioral phenotype of these mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of the transgenic mouse brain stem demonstrated that there was no significant differences in TPH immunopositive neurons of TPH transgenic mice, compared to those of wild-type littermates. However, the TPH transgenic mice exhibited marked cognitive impairment as revealed by V-maze test experiment. The short-term memory of TPH transgenic was reduced by 72 % of wild-type mice, suggesting abnormal TPH gene dosage might have caused defect in spatial working memory processes. The reduction of alternation behavior in TPH transgenic mice was not attributed to the abnormal motor coordination, as confirmed by rotarod test. Thus, the findings suggest that serotonin homeostasis is involved in the control of short-term memory formation.