춤의 상징(9) -왈츠(waltz)와 비엔나왈츠(viennese waltz)를 중심으로-

이경숙(Lee, Kyung-Sook) 한국사회체육학회 2021 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.84

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study what symbols appear in waltz and Viennese waltz, what is the intrinsic meaning contained therein, and what role waltz and Viennese waltz play in each dance sport category. Method: This study aims to reveal the character of aesthetics from the perspective of ‘Ästhetik von unten’ by introducing an expressional method of symbolic research into limited texts such as the waltz and Viennese waltz. Results: This study categorized and symbolized waltz and Viennese waltz under ‘same’ which is a composition of meaning. The method of dancing placed in the context of our life and culture was a systematic formulation of a relatively new symbol. In other words, the symbol was composed on the premise of conveying the meaning of the person who transmits the waltz & Vienna waltz (artist), the person who receives the waltz and the Vienna waltz (viewer), and the waltz & Vienna waltz (art work). And it was a form of expression by artists & viewers and a description of the artistic process. Conclusion: Through this study, ‘knowing’ and ‘Getting to know’ about the symbol of dance from the aesthetic point of view could be used to implicitly interpret the nature of each sport and create a dance sports theory.

사샤 발츠와 설치로서의 몸 이야기

강애란,남상식 한국연기예술학회 2020 연기예술연구 Vol.18 No.2

이 연구는 인간의 몸을 중심으로 수행적 양상은 물론 설치 예술로서의 형태로까지 변화시킨 사샤 발 츠의 작품 세계에 대한 연구이다. 사샤 발츠에게 인간의 몸은 인간성이며, 인격이고, 몸 그 자체로서의 아름다움이 바로 그녀가 표현하고자 하는 전체였다. 이런 사샤 발츠가 퍼포먼스와 설치미술로 표현하고 자 했던 것이 무엇이었는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 관객의 입장에서 사샤 발츠가 나타내고자 했던 몸의 주 관적인 의미와 형태를 현상학적으로 분석하려 노력했다. 사샤는 몸에 집중하여 만든 <육체> 등의 작품을 거쳐 <인스톨레이션, 오브제, 퍼포먼스>라는 설치미술 전시를 통해 몸에 대한 관심을 설치미술로까지 승 화시키고자 하였다. 사샤 발츠가 비추고자 하는 공간은, 무대 위였고, 노출된 전시장이었으며, 몸이 비춰 지는 공간은 사샤 발츠에게 있어 하나의 유토피아였다. 사샤 발츠는 20년 간 스스로가 공연했던 비현실 적인 무대를 유토피아적 공간으로 인식하고, 이를 유토피아의 현실적 공간인 헤테로토피아로 삼아 댄스 인스톨레이션 및 다양한 미디어 인스톨레이션을 선보였다. 자신의 작품의 주제를 몸 자체에서부터 삼았 지만, 그것은 기호로서의 몸도 아니고, 감각하는 몸도 아니며, 몸 자체가 주제가 되기를 원했다. 그리고 그 무대 위에서의 몸이라는 의미를 여러 가지 방법으로 탐색하고 표현하기 위해 애써왔다. 사샤 발츠가 자신의 작품에서 표현한 다양한 형태의 몸은 사샤 발츠가 누구보다도 몸에 대한 집착과 표현을 아끼지 않았음을 나타내주는 것이며, 이것이 결국 사샤 발츠가 육체 그리고 인간을 가장 소중히 여기는 방증이 될 수 있다. 본고에서는 사샤 발츠가 몸을 하나의 수행적 표현의 대상일 뿐 아니라 설치물로서 여긴다는 사실에 주목하고자 한다. 그 작업의 의미는 무엇이며, 가치는 무엇인지, 그의 설치 작업 속에서의 몸 표현을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. This study is a study of Sasha Waltz's world of work, which has transformed not only the performance aspects of the human body but also the form of installation art. For Sasha Waltz, the human body is humanity, personality, and beauty as the body itself was the whole she wanted to express. Let's take a look at what Sasha Waltz was trying to express with performance and installation art. From the perspective of the audience, Sasha Waltz tried to phenomenologically analyze the subjective meaning and form of the body he wanted to represent. Sasha tried to sublimate the interest in the body to the installation art through the installation art exhibitions such as <Installation, Objet, and Performance> through works such as <The Body> created by focusing on the body. The space that Sasha Waltz wanted to illuminate was on stage, was an exposed exhibition hall, and the space where the body was illuminated was a utopia for Sasha Waltz. Sasha Waltz recognized the unrealistic stage he had performed for 20 years as a utopian space, and made it a heterotopia, a utopian realistic space, and presented dance installations and various media installations. Although the subject of his work was taken from the body itself, it was not a body as a sign, a body not feeling, and the body itself wanted to be the subject. And I have tried to explore and express the meaning of the body on the stage in various ways. The various forms of body that Sasha Waltz expresses in his work indicate that Sasha Waltz was more obsessed with the body than anyone else, and this can eventually be the proof that Sasha Waltz values the most physically and humanly.

사샤 발츠의 탄츠테아터와 헤테로토피아적 공간

장은수 ( Jang Eun Soo ) 한국연극학회 2016 한국연극학 Vol.1 No.59

포스트모던 시대 예술은 끊임없이 장르간 경계 허물기를 시도해왔다. 시간예술과 공간예술의 구분 역시 더 이상 유효하지 않다. 본격적인 변화는 미디어의 개입에서 비롯되었다. 회화와 조각은 디지털미디어와 결합되면서 공간적 제약에서 벗어나 움직이는 시간예술로 변모하고 있다. 반면 연극이나 오페라, 그리고 무용에 퍼포먼스적 성격이 강화되면서 공연예술은 점차 공간예술의 비중을 확대해나가고 있다. 이와 관련해 우리는 다양한 실험으로 독일 탄츠테아터의 새로운 역사를 써온 `사샤 발츠와 친구들(Sasha Waltz & Guests) 무용단의 작업에 주목할 필요가 있다. 사샤 발츠는 퍼포먼스, 댄스시어터, 그리고 설치미술이 콜라보레이션된 댄스인스톨레이션을 주도해온 대표적 안무가이다. 지난 2013년 독일 칼스루에의 ZKM에서 열렸던 <인스톨레이션, 오브제, 퍼포먼스(Installationen, Objekte, Performances)>는 지난 20년간 발츠가 작업한 모든 작품들에 대한 기록과 영상을 한 자리에 모아놓은 기록전시라는 점에서 특히 주목을 받았다. 아울러 박물관의 공간을 새롭게 정의하게 만들었다. 공연이라기보다는 전시회에 더 가까운 이 댄스인스톨레이션은 예술장르의 경계 허물기를 통해 탄츠테아터의 새로운 지평을 열었다. 발츠의 작업은 푸코가 거울에 비유해 언급했던 헤테로토피아의 재귀 효과를 떠올리게 한다. 그것은 몸과 공간, 그리고 관객과의 대화를 통해 제3공간을 생산하고 발견하는 과정이라 할 수 있다. 즉 ‘다른 공간’이라고 불리는 헤테로토피아적 공간을 수행적으로 구현하는 실험이다. 관객은 공연에 적극적으로 개입하면서 몸과 공간의 재맥락화를 직접 경험하고 ‘다른 공간’, ‘다른 시간’을 생산한다. 이로써 평소에 인식하지 못했던 헤테로토피아적 공간을, 그리고 그와 더불어 이제껏 간과했던 현실의 또 다른 이면을 무수히 발견하게 된다. Artists of post-modern age have tried to break the boundaries of genres. Distinguishing between temporal and spatial arts has become meaningless. This remarkable change is enhanced by media development. Freed from spatial restrictions as well as influenced by digital media, painting and sculpture, considered as typical spatial arts, seem to add the characteristic of temporal arts. In other words, the time of the ‘installative turn’ has risen. In addition, performing arts such as drama, opera, and dance, tend to become more spatial. Stage arts such as objet, furniture, lighting, and image becomes the key elements to determine the concepts of performances. Choreography turns into installation art that places dancers into space as objets or let audience be performers. As drama or dance theater started to be ‘installed’ and ‘displayed’ rather than ‘performed’, the importance of space has become much more significant. In this context, this paper aims to focus on the works of Sasha Waltz that have made new history of German Tanztheater by continuous experiments. German choreographer Sasha Waltz (1963- ) called as a pioneer artist of the "turn to the installation", has been leading ‘dance installation’ which collaborates performance and dance theater with installation art. In Installations, Objects, Performances (2013), Waltz let audience go around watching performances in fifteen different spaces. This dance installation could be called ‘an exhibition’ rather than ‘a performance’. It was spotlighted and had a significant meaning because it was where records and images of all her 20-year work history displayed, and it newly defined the space of museum. This work broke the boundaries of genres of arts and opened a new era of Tanztheater. Waltz` works remind us of Michel Foucault`s reflection effects of heterotopia by having viewers participate in the performance actively, and experience re-contextualization of body and space by themselves. It makes them discover the heterotopic space that they haven`t recognized before and the other side of reality that they have ignored.

케네스 월츠의 이미지를 통해 본 6·25전쟁 기원 연구

이태환(Taehwan Lee) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2021 한국군사학논집 Vol.77 No.1

What are the origins of the Korean War?, and what connections do between the origines? Based on Kenneth N. Waltz’s Images theory, this research analyze whole frame of the origins the Korean War. The past studies about origins of the Korean War have been discussed in variously and have been an important studies of understanding the Korean War. The purpose of this study is to analyze the origins the Korean War based on Kenneth N. Waltz’s three images in various way. And analyze the meaning and the limitation of the theory. Kenneth N. Waltz emphasized third image significantly, to analyze the origins of war, at the international level. This research disprove Kenneth N. Waltz’s theory by analyzing the origins of the Korean War. focusing on Kim Il-Sung, as a first image, he affect the origins of the Korean War significantly And analyze connections between the other images. Thus, This study about the origins of the Korean War through the frame of Waltz’s images is very useful to understand nature of The Korean War. And it will help understanding and solving the situation in Northeast Asia.

월츠(Kenneth N. Waltz)의 핵확산 안정론과 북한 핵 문제

황지환 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2018 국제지역연구 Vol.27 No.1

이 글은 월츠의 핵확산 안정론을 논리적, 경험적으로 재검토하고 한반도에서 적실성을 가지고 있는지 분석하였다. 핵무기가 확산되었을 때 세계질서가 더 안정적인 모습으로 변할 것이라는 월츠의 주장을 검토하기 위해 1) 국가성향, 2) 전쟁부재 요인, 3) 군사적 충돌의 양상이라는 세 가지 기준을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 핵확산 안정론은 모순이 있으며, 한반도에서도 적용되기 어렵다는 사실을 확인하였다. 우선 북한의 현상타파적 전략은 핵무기의 위험성을 높여주었다. 또한 핵무기는 한반도의 전쟁가능성을 감소시키지 못했으며, 오히려 남북한 군사균형이 전쟁부재를 설명하고 있다. 마지막으로 북한의 핵개발 이후 한반도에서 국지적 무력충돌 가능성은 여전히 상존하고 있음을 확인하였다. 월츠의 예상과는 달리 북한의 핵개발은 한반도 안정을 가져오기 보다는 불안정 요인으로 작용하고 있다. This paper revisits Kenneth N. Waltz’s argument for the spread of nuclear weapons in the Korean Peninsula. While Waltz contended that the spread of nuclear weapons have contributed to the stability of world order, this finds that his logic is very problematic theoretically and empirically by reviewing the issues of 1) revisionist-status quo power debate, 2) the absence of war, and 3) types of military conflict. This paper also argues that his theory failed in explaining the North Korean case. First, North Korea’s revisionist strategy increases the danger of nuclear weapons in Korea. Second, the absence of war in the Korean Peninsula has not resulted from the presence of nuclear weapons. Third, there is still a great danger in limited military conflicts in Korea. As opposed to Walt’s explanation, the North Korean nuclear program has played a de-stabilizing role on the Korean peninsula.

케네스 월츠의 핵확산 낙관론과 북한 핵문제

유진석 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2018 한국과 국제정치 Vol.34 No.2

The implications of North Korea’s six nuclear tests and successful test launch of the Hwasong-15, which can strike the U.S. homeland are multifaced; will the stability of deterrence on the Korean peninsula be maintained?; will North Korea use or threaten to use nuclear weapons as it invades South Korea or starts local military provocations near the border between the two countries?; how credible is U.S. nuclear extended deterrence provided to South Korea now that North Korea has the capability to directly attack the U.S. homeland with nuclear-tipped ICBMs?; will the U.S. resort to military options of striking North Korea’s nuclear facilities and leadership?; is there a chance that nuclear accident or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons may happen in the North Korea because of the problem with command and control of its nuclear arsenal? Meanwhile, a drastic turn of events started by the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games culminated in the two Korea’s Panmunjom Declaration and the U.S.-North Korea Singapore Summit Meeting in which the North Korea committed complete denuclearization and the U.S. promised to provide security guarantees toward the North Korea. Will North Korea give up its nuclear weapons and develop peaceful relations with both South Korea and the U.S. in the near future? The purpose of this study is to examine Kenneth N. Waltz’s proliferation optimism and his optimistic position on nuclear armed North Korea, which shed light on the aforementioned questions. Through the analysis of Waltz’s argument, this study aims to provide a basis for better understanding of the various issues of North Korea’s nuclear weapons and find a solution to the North Korea nuclear problem.

왈츠의 Hold와 Rise & Fall 훈련이 중년여성의 전신 평형성 능력과 하지근력에 미치는 영향

권금순,조인호 한국스포츠학회 2022 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study thus set out to investigate the effects of hold and rise & fall training in waltz on the stability of the whole body and the muscular strength of the lower extremities among middle-aged women. For this purpose, the investigator assigned 22 middle-aged women selected through purposeful sampling into the experiment group(12) and control group(10) and had them participate in training three times per week over eight weeks. They were measured for body composition, isokinetic muscular strength, and stability before and after training. The data collected from the subjects was put to the paired-sample t-test within the group before and after training and to the independent-sample t-test between the groups before and after training with the SPSS 18.0 program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 by performing paired-sample t-test for pre- and post-training results for each group and independent sample t-test for pre- and post-training between groups. According to this procedure, the following results were derived. As a result of the change in isokinetic muscle strength, the group and test interactions were significant before and after training in the knee 60°/sec right extensor and the knee 180°/sec right extensor and flexor. In addition, the interaction between the group and the test did not appear significantly in the result of the change in equilibrium. According to these results, it is judged that at least 8 weeks of exercise is needed to improve the effect of improving the lower extremity muscle strength and the ability to balance the whole body in the case of a subject who is new to waltz. 본 연구는 왈츠의 Hold와 Rise & Fall 훈련이 중년여성의 전신 평형성 능력과 하지근력에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구의 목적에 따라 유목적표집법을 활용하여 중년 여성 22명을 실험군(12명)과 대조군(10명)으로 배정하여 주 3회 트레이닝을 수행시켰으며, 트레이닝 전·후 신체구성, 등속성 근력(부하속도 60°/sec 5회, 180°/sec 15회) 및 평형성 능력을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 집단 별 트레이닝 전·후 결과 값은 대응표본 t검증, 집단 간 트레이닝 전·후 결과 값은 독립표본 t검증을 실시하여 분석하였다. 이러한 절차에 따라 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 등속성 근력의 변화 결과에서 무릎 60°/sec 우측 Extensor과 무릎 180°/sec 우측 Extensor, Flexor에서 훈련 전 · 후에 따른 집단과 검사의 상호작용이 유의하게 나타났다. 또한, 평형성의 변화 결과에서는 집단과 검사의 상호작용이 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과는 왈츠를 처음 접하는 대상자의 경우 하지 근력향상 효과 및 전신 평형성 능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 적어도 8주 이상의 운동이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

폴라 보걸(Paula Vogel)의 『볼티모어 왈츠』(The Baltimore Waltz)에 나타나는 네거티브 감정이입과 혐오 극복

강연주 신영어영문학회 2023 신영어영문학 Vol.86 No.-

This paper examines Paula Vogel’s The Baltimore Waltz to look into its subversive narrative and analyzes how Vogel tries to engage audiences in a cultural dialogue to evoke an empathic response to the characters in the play. Vogel’s characters are often those hated in our society and audiences resist to empathize with them. However, this resistance can be overcome and audiences empathize with them precisely because of the cultural dialogue that they participate in. Vogel calls this ‘negative empathy.’ In the play, Vogel investigates the hatred for homosexuals and AIDS discourse through an imaginary European excursion and imaginary disease, ATD which is a metaphor for AIDS. The playwright deconstructs the stereotypes that have contributed to the prevalence of homophobia and challenges the dichotomy of innocent and guilty victims perpetuated by homophobic AIDS discourse. The subversive narrative that the play employs helps the audience confront cultural biases against hated groups and reminds them of an important lesson that we as humans are all equally valued.

왈츠 Closed Change Step시 팔 동작에 관한 운동학적 분석

이효연(Lee Hyo-Yeon) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to offer the basic data regarding the importance of Waltz's fundamental motion "Closed Change Step" to the dance sports club members and the students majoring in dance through the kinetic analysis. Each of 4 male and female subjects who were currently in action as amateur in sports dance field, and who won a prize in national, international competitions, were selected for this study, The angle variable, and 2 angle velocity variables were set for this experimental study, and 2 high speed cameras and 영상 analysis equipment were used. The variable gained from this experiment was computed by the average and the standard deviation. The result for this study was drawn below. First of all, the right shoulder angle by "the closed change step" motion on both men and women dancers increased gradually from E1(male: 166,16 / female: 149.17) to E3(male: 168.19 / female: 152.85), and maintained E1 angle(male: 166,16 / female: 149.17) from E49male: 163,15 / female: 148.93) to E6(male: 165,74 / female: 149.63). As a result, the right shoulder angle showed the minute motion at the "the closed change step. Second, the left shoulder angle by "the closed change step" motion on both men and women dancers showed the minute difference in the same as the right shoulder angle, but it showed the performance in the same shape with the right shoulder angle. The decrease of the left shoulder angle was initiated to E3(male: 151,44 / female: 158.62) due to the sway of body.

추모의 공연: 보걸의 「볼티모어 왈츠」에 나타난 치유의 미학

김영덕(Yungduk Kim) 한국영미어문학회 2015 영미어문학 Vol.- No.118

This paper examines Paula Vogel’s dramaturgy in The Baltimore Waltz that combines fiction and autobiographical material, arguing that her representations of the death of her brother Carl offers an opportunity for a communal ritual of remembrance and that the production of the play becomes a ritualized event in which the playwright fantasizes about the days before his death to deal with her survivor guilt. Drawing on the discourse of drama therapy, the paper further suggests that the play employs drama therapy concepts like aesthetic distancing, an alternative story, a transitional object, and role reversal to create a peculiar dramatic world of death, sexual desire, mourning, and growth. Anna’s imaginary travel narrative leads to acceptance and reconciliation, which are therapeutic effects typically pursued in drama therapy and Vogel might have imagined to obtain when composing the play.