Psychometric and Psychoacoustic Measures of Tinnitus

최철희 한국청각언어재활학회 2012 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.8 No.2

Tinnitus is a ringing in the ears without external sounds from outside. Tinnitus is not a disease but a symptom affecting the quality of life in daily lives. Although many different measures of tinnitus have been developed, it is not easy for clinician to select one or some of these measures to fit the goals of the management of tinnitus. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review a variety of previous studies of tinnitus in terms of psychometric and psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus to provide clinically useful and valuable information to professionals who want to develop a standardized test of tinnitus. This study reviewed a variety of literatures associated with the psychometric measures including tinnitus handicap inventory, tinnitus questionnaire, tinnitus reaction questionnaire, tinnitus handicap questionnaire, tinnitus cognition questionnaire, and tinnitus disability index. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus including pitch, loudness, masking, and residual inhibition were thoroughly reviewed. Finally, we investigated whether there is a relationship between the psychometric and psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus. However, the psychometric measures were not clearly and directly related to the psychoacoustic measures. This indicates that they do not test the same attributes or constructs of tinnitus. In addition, this may result from the different natures of tinnitus, different mechanisms and sites of action, and high variability between and within subjects. Although there are considerable disagreements in the measures of tinnitus, this paper will provide clinically useful and meaningful information for developing a standardized test of tinnitus.

한국어 번역판 Tinnitus Handicap Inventory의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구

김지혜,이소영,김창훈,임승락,신준호,정원호,유범희,홍성화 대한이비인후과학회 2002 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.45 No.4

Background and Objectives:although they lacked reliability and validity. Well-validated instruments, however, are esential for evaluation and treatment. Newman et al. developed the Tinitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and researches have examined its reliability and validity. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a Korean adaptation of the THI. Materials and Method:The Korean adaptation of THI was administered to 11 patients with tinnitus, who visited the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery department of Samsung Medical Center from March to August of 201. Convergent validity was asesed using Tinitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ)Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the somatization subscale of SCL-90-R (SOM) and etc. Results:1) The Korean adaptation of THI and its subsclaes showed good internal consistency (Cronbachs α=.95-.79) comparable to those of the original version. 2) THI and its subscales demonstrated high test-retest reliabilities (r=.91-.73) comparable to those of the original. 3) High corelation was observed betwen THI and THQ (r= ). 4)Moderate correlations were observed among THI, BDI (r=.40-.51), STAI-S (r=.43-.68), SOM (r=.49-.59), the perceived loudnes of tinnitus (r=.33-.46), and the perceived handicap of tinnitus (r=.44-.64). 5) A confirmatory factor analysis partly supported 3 factors of THI. Conclusion:We found THI and its subscales to have valuable internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and construct validity. The results suggest that the Korean adaptation of THI, especially the total score it generates, is a reliable and valid measure of general distres related tinnitus. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2002;45:328-34)

이명장애지수에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 분석

류소진,방정화 한국청각언어재활학회 2011 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to tinnitus affecting Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores. THI, VAS (Visual Analog Scale), Tinnitus history questionnaire, pure-tone audiometry, tinnitogram were conducted with 201 participants who suffered from tinnitus. Among them, 161 subjects had hearing loss. Results indicated that the loudness of tinnitus significantly related to THI scores. However, coefficient of determination was low. THI scores were significantly higher in subjects with unilateral tinnitus than bilateral tinnitus. However, hearing thresholds, gender, onset of tinnitus, type of tinnitus, frequency of tinnitus were not significantly related to THI scores. There was a significant correlation between the subtests of VAS and THI scores. The results of the present study suggest that objective factors related to tinnitus may not predict the degree of tinnitus discomfort and its handicap.

장부변증에 따른 이명 양상과 변증유형별 치료효율 분석

김경준 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2019 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives : By analyzing symptoms of tinnitus, we tried to find out the relationship between deficiency and excess(虛實) and visceral pattern identification(臟腑辨證). By testing Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI), we evaluated the quality of life of people suffering from various aspects of tinnitus, as well as comparing treatment efficiency. Methods : 52 patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the THI. Results : The vast majority of high-grade tiny noise patients are deficiency type(虛症). The vast majority of low-grade roar patients are excess type(實症). Tinnitus persistence and feeling of ear occlusion were prominent in low-grade roar patients. low-grade roar patients suggest that overall quality of life is lower than high-grade tiny noise patients. In terms of treatment efficiency, spleen-stomach weakness(脾胃虛弱)-type, stomach heat(胃熱)-type and phlegm-fire(痰火)-type was higher than kidney essence depletion(腎精虧損)-type and liver qi depression(肝氣鬱結)-type regardless of the aspect of tinnitus. Conclusions : The present study suggests that tinnitus pattern may be helpful in differentiating patients with tinnitus, and the effectiveness of treatment can be predicted through differentiation.

이명(耳鳴)의 한방(韓方) 치료(治療)에 의한 삶의 질 개선(改善) 효과(效果)

김자혜,김민희,신상호,고우신,김규곤,윤화정,Kim, Ja-Hye,Kim, Min-Hee,Shin, Sang-Ho,Ko, Woo-Shin,Kim, Kyu-Kon,Yoon, Hwa-Jung 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2006 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Background : Tinnitus is a common symptom in outpatients of Otolarygology but has no correct diagnosis and effective treatment. Patients with tinnitus experienced the disorder to a degree that their quality of life and productivity are impaired. Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the change of THI score, the number of attending symptoms for the Korean medical treatment. And we investigated that the interrelationship is in existence as sex, age. Methods : Fatty patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI) before and after treatment. The Korean medical treatment include a herb remedy, acupuncture. Result : THI score changed before and after treatment remarkably, and the number of attending sysmptoms also decreased noticeably. Relativity of questionnaires before and after treatment has difference as sex and age. Conclusion : Before and after treatment, the patients's THI score change significantly. In this study, the Korean medicine has effect on patients's quality of life with tinnitus. We expect that this study inform the effect of Korean Medicine about tinnitus and THI is the good questionnaire for measureing quality of patients' life with tinnitus for Korean medical doctors.

이명(耳鳴)의 양상에 따른 장상적(臟象的) 상관(相關) 분석 및 변증(辨證) 형태별 삶의 질에 관한 연구

김경준,Kim, Gyung-Jun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2017 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Background : Tinnitus is common disorder with many possible causes and a symptom of many different diseases but has no effective treatment. Approximately 20% of tinnitus patients experience the disorder to a degree that their quality of life and productivity are impaired. Objectives : 1. Through symptoms of tinnitus, we tried to find out the relationship of Heo-sil(虛實) and Jang bu byun jeung(臟腑辨證). 2. By testing THI, we tried to evaluate the quality of life between high-grade tiny noise and low-grade roar tinnitus patients group. Methods : 34 patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI). Results : 1. The vast majority of high-grade tiny noise patients are Heojeung(虛症). 2. The vast majority of low-grade roar patients are Siljeung(實症). 3. The number of patients with intermittent and persistent tinnitus is similar. 4. In high-grade tiny noise, Sin jung hyu son type(腎精虧損型) patients are less comfortable with quality of life than Bi wi heo yak type(脾胃虛弱型) patients. 5. Low-grade roar patients are less comfortable with quality of life than high-grade tiny noise atients Conclusions : Jang bu byun jeung(臟腑辨證) and Distinguishing between Heo(虛) and Sil(實) is expected to have positive effects on tinnitus treatment.

Validation of the Sinhala Version of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

Rodrigo Asiri,Abayabandara-Herath Thilini 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.3

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is a common and disabling condition that largely remains undertreated in Sri Lanka. Currently, standardized tools that assess and monitor the treatment of tinnitus or the distress it causes are unavailable in either of the two main vernacular languages prevalent in Sri Lanka. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) is used internationally to measure tinnitus-induced distress and to monitor treatment efficacy. In this study, we validated the Sinhala version of the THI (THI-Sin).Subjects and Methods: The THI was translated into Sinhala and back translated into English and finalized by independent translators. The THI-Sin questionnaire and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Visual Analog Scale of tinnitus annoyance (VAS) were administered to 122 adults who visited the otolaryngology clinic of Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri LankaResults: THI-Sin scores showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.902) and were significantly correlated with the GHQ-12 and VAS scores. Factor analysis of the THI-Sin confirmed a three-factorial structure, which did not correspond to the original THI subscales.Conclusions: We observed significant reliability and validity of the THI-Sin tool for evaluation of tinnitus-induced handicaps among the Sinhalese-speaking population of Sri Lanka.

돌발성 난청 환자에서 발생한 이명의 한방 치험 1예

박무섭,이초인,김재수,황보민,이현종,Park, Mu-Seob,Lee, Cho-In,Kim, Jae-Soo,Hwang-bo, Min,Lee, Hyun-Jong 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to show the clinical effect of Korean Medical Treatments for Tinnitus with Sudden Sensory Neural Hearing Loss. Methods : The patient was treated by Korean Medical Treatments for 10weeks. The effect of treatments on tinnitus was measured with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Korean Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(K-THI). And the effect of treatments on sudden hearing loss was measured by VAS. Results : VAS of Tinnitus was decreased from 10 to 3 points and K-THI score was decreased from 70 to 26 points. VAS of hearing loss was decreased from 9 to 8 points. Conclusions : Korean Medical Treatments are effective on Tinnitus.

혈관내 스텐트를 이용하여 경정맥구 게실에 의한 박동성 이명을 치료한 증례보고

노현영(Hyunyoung Noh),김영학(Younghac Kim),김건하(Keon-Ha Kim),조영상(Young Sang Cho) 대한두개저학회 2023 대한두개저학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Pulsatile tinnitus is a rare otologic symptom that presents a diagnostic and management dilemma for experienced otolaryngologists. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgery, but patients may not be able to tolerate symptoms with the former and the latter procedure may be associated with significant morbidity We describe the case of using a stent-assisted coil approach to treating a patient with jugular bulb diverticulum (JBD) and severe pulsatile tinnitus. We describe a 41-year-old woman who presented with disabling pulsatile tinnitus due to right JBD. Both surgical or endovascular approaches were possible, but we decided to treat the diverticulum with coil emboli-zation and stenting of the jugular bulb. Following the procedure, tinnitus presence and severity were self-reported or assessed using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and tinnitus magnitude index (TMI). The total score of both THI and TMI improved in 6 months after surgery, and there was no complication. Therefore, we report this experience, which was resolved through successful endovas-cular coiling and stent procedure for severe pulsatile tinnitus with no complication.

한국형 간소화 이명 설문지의 개발

문미진,고의경,오세준,권현근,공수근,이일우 대한이비인후과학회 2013 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.56 No.3

Background and Objectives The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) is a useful measure to evaluate the tinnitus and to quantify the functional and psychosocial consequences of tinnitus. However, it can be difficult for patients to understand the items of questionnaire and may take 10 to 15 minutes for them to complete the questionnaire, which can be problematic. The objective of this study is to develop a simplified version of the Korean type Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THIS). Subjects and Method A retrospective clinical study was conducted to analyze the THI-S cutoff score used for referral purpose and the level of predictability between the THI and the THIS. 100 patients participated. The subject samples were drawn from outpatients who reported tinnitus as their primary complaints at the time of the initial audiology and otolaryngology evaluations. The 10-item THI-S, selected by using Cronbach’s α coefficient, showed a high correlation with the scores of the THI. Based on their clinical experiences, the four otologists developed their own screening versions of THI, which were designated as THI-A, B, C and D. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to assess the comparability of the scores between the THI and the THI-S, A, B, C and D. Results The results showed that there is a higher correlation between the THIS and the THI-S. A high comparability was shown in the comparison between the THI and the THI-S. Conclusion Further studies will be needed if the THI-S can be applied for clinical use.