자연과 율법

천병석(Byung-Suk Cheon) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2010 신학논단 Vol.59 No.-

??This paper seeks to highlight nature and law at the forefront of theology. The gradually increasing interest on today's environmental crisis is settling academically into the studies of ecology or bionomy. As Korean theology, indigenous theology and Minjung theology have been providing until now theological introspection on traditional culture and social reality. Now, the theology of life will be able to bring new results to Korean theology by focusing on nature and future. 'Nature and law' is a blotted name from the distrust and negligence in the history of theology of Protestantism. It has been pushed back as the object to overcome of 'revelation' or 'the Gospel'. However, the meaning of existence and value of nature and law was never denied and could not be denied. If environment and life have become highlighted as important subjects in this era, now is the time in which a new theological deliberation on nature and law is needed.<br/> ??To theologically treat nature and law, it is to confirm the legitimacy of their existence and right. It is to stand the both before creation in the same way. It can be said that what is needed for such composition of discussion is so-called 'the sense of balance based on the theory of justification'. The things to discuss and examine through 'the sense of balance based on the theory of justification' are as follow: the discussions on from what meaning nature and law became opened to creation, what are their limitations, how they can recover their independent theological rights and such assertion for recovering their rights will ultimately bring for the result of accepting, expanding and intensifying the traditional theory of justification. The things that are dealt prior to such discussions are as follow: the legitimacy of posing question with the theme of nature and law, concept provision of nature and law through the analysis of the origin of word and its theological relevance and the consideration on similarity and difference of the recent ecological interest and Reformation theology in light of this theological relevance. ??This paper seeks to highlight nature and law at the forefront of theology. The gradually increasing interest on today's environmental crisis is settling academically into the studies of ecology or bionomy. As Korean theology, indigenous theology and Minjung theology have been providing until now theological introspection on traditional culture and social reality. Now, the theology of life will be able to bring new results to Korean theology by focusing on nature and future. 'Nature and law' is a blotted name from the distrust and negligence in the history of theology of Protestantism. It has been pushed back as the object to overcome of 'revelation' or 'the Gospel'. However, the meaning of existence and value of nature and law was never denied and could not be denied. If environment and life have become highlighted as important subjects in this era, now is the time in which a new theological deliberation on nature and law is needed.<br/> ??To theologically treat nature and law, it is to confirm the legitimacy of their existence and right. It is to stand the both before creation in the same way. It can be said that what is needed for such composition of discussion is so-called 'the sense of balance based on the theory of justification'. The things to discuss and examine through 'the sense of balance based on the theory of justification' are as follow: the discussions on from what meaning nature and law became opened to creation, what are their limitations, how they can recover their independent theological rights and such assertion for recovering their rights will ultimately bring for the result of accepting, expanding and intensifying the traditional theory of justification. The things that are dealt prior to such discussions are as follow: the legitimacy of posing question with the theme of nature and law, concept provision of nature and law through the analysis of the origin of word and its theological relevance and the consideration on similarity and difference of the recent ecological interest and Reformation theology in light of this theological relevance.

자연신학 그리고/또는(and/or) 자연의 신학

윤지훈(Jihoon Yoon) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2023 신학사상 Vol.- No.201

본 논문은 자연신학(theologia naturalis)과 자연의 신학(theologia naturae)의 호혜성에 대한 연구의 가치와 필요성에 대해 논하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 신과 자연을 다루는 두 신학은 비슷해 보이지만 두 개념을 상반된 방법론으로 다룬다. 자연신학은 자연적으로 신을 인식하고 통찰하는 반면, 자연의 신학은 신학적으로 자연을 탐구한다. 한편으로 자연신학은 인간의 이성과 이를 기반으로 얻어진 자연 현상에 대한 법칙에 기초하여 신의 존재를 논증한다. 신 존재 증명을 위한 논증은 무신론에 대항한 기독교 변증학의 유용한 도구로 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 기독교 신학의 종말론적 의미에서 세계의 종말까지 신의 존재에 대한 논란의 여지가 사라지지 않는다는 신 존재 증명 자체에 대한 비판은 여전히 유효하기 때문에 자연신학적 무신론 논쟁에서 끝없는 소모전이 계속되고 있다. 다른 한편으로 자연의 신학은 반대로 신의 존재에 대한 믿음의 관점에서 자연과 자연 현상 및 법칙에 대한 보편적 이해를 찾는다. 이를 위해 다른 학문 분야로 분류되는 신학과 자연과학을 중재하는 매개체가 제시되는데, 그 필요성에 대한 논의는 매우 논쟁적이다. 이처럼 두 신학이 각기 다른 난관 속에서 한계에 직면하여 이를 타개할 혁신적인 방법과 방향을 필요로 하는 상황에서 두 신학의 호혜성은 그 방법과 방향이 될 수 있다. 두 신학은 상반된 도구와 대상을 바탕으로 논증하기 때문에 이들을 상호 협력 연구가 불가능한 절대적 상반 관계로 보기 쉽지만, 이들은 이미 암묵적으로 논증을 서로 차용하고 있다. 이것을 체계적으로 비교 분석하여 두 신학의 호혜성을 객관적으로 증명하고 이를 바탕으로 이들의 협력을 촉진하는 혁신적인 대안을 제시하는 것이 본 논문에서 논하는 연구의 관건이다. 본 논문은 이 연구의 가치와 필요성에 대해 논하기 위해 먼저 두 종류의 현대 자연신학 ― 윌리엄 레인 크레이그의 전통적인 자연신학과 알리스터 맥그래스의 새로운 자연신학 ― 과 볼프하르트 판넨베르크의 자연의 신학을 살펴보고, 다음으로 두 신학 사이의 상반 관계를 고찰한다. 이를 바탕으로 이 상반 관계를 과학신학의 당면한 상황으로서 두 신학의 호혜성을 그 당면한 과제로서 규정하고, 이들의 협력을 촉진하는 이들의 호혜성에 대한 비판적 비교 연구를 간략하게 제안한다. This article discusses the value and necessity of bringing the study of Natural Theology (theologia naturalis) and the Theology of Nature (theologia naturae) together. These two theological approaches, which both deal with God and nature, seem similar, but in fact treat the two concepts with opposing methodologies. For Natural Theology God is the focus of inquiry using natural reason, whereas for the Theology of Nature it is nature that is explained by means of God. On the one hand, Natural Theology argues for the existence of God based on human reason and the laws of natural phenomena based on reason. Arguments for the proof of God’s existence have been used as a useful tool in Christian apologetics against atheism. Natural-theological atheism , however, is a position that continues to be debated. This is because the criticism of the proof of God’s existence itself depends on Christian eschatology. In other words, the controversy over God’s existence cannot be settled before the end of the world and, therefore, objections to the notion of God’s existence on natural grounds are still valid. On the other hand, the Theology of Nature seeks a universal understanding of nature and natural phenomena and laws from the perspective of the belief in the existence of God. To this end, this paper presents a middle way between theology and natural science, which are classified as different academic disciplines. This is a controversial undertaking. Both Theologies face limitations and require innovative methods and directions to overcome them. Bringing the two Theologies more closely together may offer a helpful method and new direction. Since the two Theologies are based on opposite methods and objects, it is easy to view them as in an absolutely contradictory relationship in which it is impossible mutual cooperation research, but they have already implicitly borrowed arguments from each other. The key is to objectively prove the relationship of the two Theologies by systematically comparing and analyzing them, and, based on this, to present innovative alternatives that promote their cooperation. In order to discuss the value and necessity of this research, this article firstly looks into two types of modern Natural Theology – William Lane Craig’s traditional Natural Theology and Alister Edgar McGrath’s new Natural Theology. Next it inquires into Wolfhart Pannenberg’s Theology of Nature. It then examines the contradictory relationship between the two Theologies. Based on my findings, I show this contradiction to be the present dilemma of scientific theology and the raproachment of these two theological methodologies as its immediate task. I also briefly propose a critical comparative study of their reciprocity in promoting their cooperation.

개혁주의생명신학의 비학문성 및 비학문성의 학문성, 그 평가와 전망

장호광 개혁주의생명신학회 2023 생명과 말씀 Vol.37 No.3

본고는 최근 들어 국내 교계 및 신학계에 적잖은 파장을 일으 키는 개혁주의생명신학 사상, 그 중에서도 “신학은 학문이 아니 다”라는 명제적 선언에 주목하여, 그 속에 함의한 신학적 의의 및 중요성을 다각적으로 모색해 보려는데 근본적인 목적이 있다. 나아가 오늘날 그 어느 때보다 믿지 않는 사람들로부터 비난의 대상으로 전락한 현 한국 교회의 현실에서 벗어나 재도약하고 비 상할 수 있는 가능성 여부를 개혁주의생명신학 사상의 그루터기 로 자리 잡은 ‘신학의 비학문성’에 초점을 맞춰 타진해 보려는데 또 다른 목적이 있다. 물 이런 신학의 비학문성에 내포된 의의 를 들추어내어 오늘을 살아가는 국내 그리스도인들에게 적절한 신학적 좌표와 방향성을 제시해줄 실존적 적용성 또한 빠뜨리지 않고 모색해 보았다. 이를 위해 본고는 전체 4장으로 구성되어 있는데, 먼저 1장은“들어가는 말”로서 이 글을 쓰게 한 동기 및 배경을 포함해 본 글 전체 내용의 주요 논지와 방향성을 요약하여 제시해 보았다. 2장은 “개혁주의생명신학의 비학문성”으로써 왜 신학의 비학문 성을 주장할 수밖에 없었는지, 그 이유를 신학의 사변성과 관념 성에 주목하여 전개했는데, 진리 획득을 외면에서 일방적으로 주 어진 ‘계시’가 아니라, 인간의 내면적 사유 작용에 의한 이성적 의식에서 찾으려는 데카르트와 헤겔에 중점을 두고 탐색해 보았 다. 3장은 “비학문성의 학문성”으로써 믿음이 아니라 이성적 의 식에서 비롯된 신학의 사변성과 관념성을 제거한 후 정제된 신학 의 본래적 학문성의 착점을 ‘생명’에 두고 그 의미를 추적해가는 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 아울러 죽음이 아니라 ‘영원한 생명’으 로 인도할 개혁주의생명신학의 근간이자 종교개혁 운동을 불러 일으킨 주요 슬로건인 ‘5대 솔라’를 소환하여 이 속에 담겨 있는 신학적 의미를 다각적으로 살펴보았다. 그리고 마지막 “나가는 말”에서는 앞서 다룬 개혁주의생명신학의 비학문성, 비학문성의 학문성에 담겨 있는 주요 사상에 대한 객관적인 평가와 더불어 국내 신학계를 넘어 교회 영역에도 미칠 실존적 적용성의 가능성 과 방법을 제언하는 형식으로 마무리 지었다. The fundamental purpose of this paper is to focus on the re- formed life theology ideas that have recently made significant waves in the Korean church and theological field, especially the propositional declaration that “theology is not a science,” and to examine various aspects of theological significance and importance. Furthermore, another purpose of this thesis is to ex- amine the ‘non-academic nature of theology’, which has become the foundation of Reformed Life Theology, to determine whether there is a possibility of taking a leap forward by escaping from the reality of the current Korean church, which has become an object of criticism from non-believers today. I'm trying to focus on it. Of course, by uncovering the significance contained in the non-academic nature of this kind of theology, we also searched for existential applicability that would provide appropriate theo logical coordinates and direction to domestic Christians living today. To this end, this paper is comprised of four chapters. First, Chapter 1 is the “Introduction,” which summarizes and presents the main thesis and direction of the entire text, including the mo- tivation and background for writing this paper. Chapter 2 ex- plains why it was necessary to assert the non-academic nature of theology as “the non-academic nature of Reformed Life Theology,” focusing on the speculativeness and idealism of theology. Rather, the search was focused on Descartes and Hegel, who sought to find rational consciousness through the in- ner thinking process of humans. Chapter 3 is “the academic na- ture of non-academic nature,” which consists of the process of removing the speculativeness and idealism of theology that origi- nates from rational consciousness rather than faith, and then fo- cusing on ‘life’ as the original academic nature of refined theol- ogy and tracing its meaning. In addition, the ‘Five Solas’, which are the foundation of reformed life theology that will lead to ‘eternal life’ and the main slogan that gave rise to the reformed movement, were summoned and the theological meaning con- tained therein was examined from various aspects. And in the final “Conclusion”, an objective evaluation of the main ideas contained in the non-academic and non-academic nature of Reformed Life Theology discussed above was proposed, as well as the possibility and method of existential applicability beyond the domestic theological field to the church field.

녹색 몸 신학의 방법론적 탐구

전현식(Hyun-Shik Jun) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2011 신학논단 Vol.64 No.-

This paper suggested a methodology of green body theology by dialectically integrating Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of body, Rosemary Ruether’s ecofeminist theology of nature and Sallie Mcfague’s incarnated theology of nature. In order to overcome metaphysical dualism which is the root cause of ecological crisis, it affirmed the necessity of green body theology and then from three scholars above discovered epistemological, socio-political and incarnated theological insights of organic embodied life paradigm and symbolic dialectical structures of green body theology. And then knowing that each insight is necessary but not sufficient for earth-healing, this paper affirmed the necessity and significance of dialectical unity of these three insights. By dialectically integrating Rosemary Ruether’s methodology of ecofeminist theology of nature(dialectical ecofeminist critical method) and Sallie Mcfague’s methdology of incarnated theology of nature(working, constructive and metaphorical and incarnated ecotheology), it suggested three methodological features of green body theology as critical working, ecofeminist constructive, embodied metaphorical. This paper suggested a methodology of green body theology by dialectically integrating Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of body, Rosemary Ruether’s ecofeminist theology of nature and Sallie Mcfague’s incarnated theology of nature. In order to overcome metaphysical dualism which is the root cause of ecological crisis, it affirmed the necessity of green body theology and then from three scholars above discovered epistemological, socio-political and incarnated theological insights of organic embodied life paradigm and symbolic dialectical structures of green body theology. And then knowing that each insight is necessary but not sufficient for earth-healing, this paper affirmed the necessity and significance of dialectical unity of these three insights. By dialectically integrating Rosemary Ruether’s methodology of ecofeminist theology of nature(dialectical ecofeminist critical method) and Sallie Mcfague’s methdology of incarnated theology of nature(working, constructive and metaphorical and incarnated ecotheology), it suggested three methodological features of green body theology as critical working, ecofeminist constructive, embodied metaphorical.

기포드 강좌에서의 새로운 자연관이 신학에 미치는 함의 연구 : 바버, 미즐리, 브룩 & 칸토어를 중심으로

백충현 21세기기독교사회문화아카데미 2022 신학과 사회 Vol.36 No.3

This paper is written as a part of a general joint research of the National Research Foundation of Korea for the past three years, which is “An Envisionment of 21st Century Natural Theology Based on the Investigation of Gifford Lectures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Theology- Philosophy-Natural Science.” Here new understandings of nature in Gifford Lecture are examined centering on Ian G. Barbour, Mary Midgley, John Hedley Brooke & Jeffrey Cantor. First, nature is not a purely objective nature as it is, but a kind of concept of nature. Second, subjective aspects such as psychological, fanciful imaginary, aesthetic, social, cultural, and religious are at work in this process of conceptualization. Third, for a complete understanding of nature, the holistic unity of life or the totality of the world needs to be recognized, in which everything is relationally connected. Fourth, for a full understanding of nature, admiration and respect for nature must be restored. Then this paper proposes that a theological view of nature should be in dialogue with natural sciences today, while specifically exploring the implications of new understandings of nature on theology. First, since nature is not a purely objective nature as it is, theology should consider the relationship between God and nature thoroughly and closely in order to present a theological view of nature. Second, in the process of the understanding and idealization of nature, the correlation between subject and object must be sufficiently secured in the discussion of faith, belief, and grace. Third, it must be fully acknowledged that all things in the world are connected to one another and are in relationship, and for this, deep research must be conducted even into the relationship of the Trinity. Fourth, in order to fully secure reverence and admiration for nature, theological aesthetics based on the glory and beauty of God must be fully considered in the theological view of nature. Through this work, it is expected that this paper would provide much help and many insights to Korean society and Korean church today. 본 논문은 2019-2022년에 진행된 한국연구재단 일반공동연구 “기포드 강연 연구를 통한 21세기 자연신학의 모색: 신학-철학-과학의 학제 간 연구”의 일환으로 작성된 것이다. 기존의 1년차 연구의 내용과 2년차 연구의 내용을 본 논문의 의도에 맞게 정리하면서 기포드강좌에서의 새로운 자연관을 이안 바버, 메리 미즐리, 존 헤들리 브룩 및 제프리 칸토어를 중심으로 살펴보면 네 가지 공통점들이 두드러지게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 자연은 있는 그대로의 순수객관적인 자연이 아니라 자연에 대한 일종의 개념이라는 점이다. 둘째, 이러한 개념화의 과정에 심리적, 공상적, 상상적, 미학적, 사회적, 문화적, 종교적인 주관적 측면들이 작동한다는 점이다. 셋째, 자연에 대한 온전한 이해를 위해서는 모든 것들이 관계적으로 연결되어 있는 삶의 통전성이나 세계의 총체성이 확보되어야 한다는 점이다. 넷째, 자연에 대한 온전한 이해를 위해서는 자연에 대한 경탄과 존경이 다시 회복되어야 한다는 점이다. 그런 다음에 본 논문은 기포드 강좌에서의 재로운 자연관이 신학에 미치는 함의들을 구체적으로 탐구하면서 오늘날 자연과학과 대화하는 신학적인 자연관이 어떻게 되어야 하는지를 개괄적으로 제안한다. 첫째, 자연은 있는 그대로의 순수객관적인 자연이 아니기에 오히려 신학은 신학적인 자연관을 분명하게 제시하여야 하며 하나님과 자연 사이의 관계를 충분히 밀접하게 고려하여야 한다. 둘째, 자연에 대한 이해 및 관념화의 과정에서 주체와 객체 사이의 상호연관성이 신앙, 믿음, 은혜에 관한 논의에서 충분히확보되어야 한다. 셋째, 세계의 모든 것들이 서로 연결되어 관계성 안에 있다는 점이 온전히 인정되어야 하며 이를 위해서는 삼위일체의 관계성에로까지 깊은 연구가 진행되어야 한다. 넷째, 자연에 대한 경외와 경탄이 온전히 확보되려면 하나님의 영광과 아름다움에 근거한 신학적 미학이 충분히 고려되어야 한다. 이러한 논의를 통해 본 논문은 신학과 자연과학의 대화와 만남에서 오늘날 한국 사회와 한국 교회에 많은 도움과 통찰을 제공하여 주리라 기대된다.

기독교 자연신학의 가능성과 현실성 - 칼빈의 자연이해를 중심으로 -

임영동 ( Young Dong Lim ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2019 조직신학연구 Vol.32 No.-

본 논고는 “칼빈(John Calvin, 1509-1564)의 자연신학 가능성과 현실성”이라는 연구를 통해 현대 기독교 자연신학 가능성을 모색해보는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 오늘날 자연신학에 관한 올바른 인식과 논의가 그 어느 때 보다도 필요한 때이다. 20세기 이래로 우주과학과 다윈진화론은 기독교 창조신학 ‘실재론’에 대한 많은 도전과 의문을 던지고 있다. 이제는 기독교 신학이 인간의 타락과 구원에만 치중할 것이 아니라 창조세계에서도 활동하고 계시는 하나님에 관해 관심을 기울여야 할 때이다. 그러나 자연신학과 자연과학에만 치중할 경우 기독교 본질을 잃어버릴 수가 있기 때문에 우리는 기독교 전통신학, 특히 종교 개혁가 칼빈의 신학사상을 의존하지 않을 수 없다. 아직까지 개혁주의 신학에서는 칼빈의 신학이 가장 중심이 되는 것은 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기독교 자연신학을 위해서 칼빈의 자연이해를 고찰하려 한다. 첫째, 자연신학의 기원과 계시의 관계를 머리로 다루었다. 둘째, 바르트(Karl Barth, 1886-1968)와 브룬너(Emil, Brunner, 1889∼1966)의 자연신학의 갈등과 논쟁을 통해서 칼빈의 자연신학에 관한 개연성을 논한다. 셋째, 칼빈의 자연신학의 가능성을 고찰하였다. 넷째, 칼빈의 자연이해를 통해 자연신학의 현실성을 다루려 한다. 그 방법에 있어서 칼빈의 과학관을 함께 살피려한다. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of modern Christian natural theology through the study of “the possibility and reality of Calvin’s natural theology”. Today, right recognition and discussion about natural theology are more necessary than ever before. Since the twentieth century, space science and Darwin’s theory of evolution have been challenging and questioning the ‘realism’ of Christian creation theology. It is now time for Christian theology to focus not only on depravity and salvation of human beings, but also on God who is active in the created world. However, we can not but depend on Christian traditional theology, especially the religious reformist Calvin, because if we focus only on natural theology and natural science, We can get out of the truth of the Christianity. It is true that Calvin’s theology is at the center of Reformed theology. Therefore, this study attempts to examine Calvin’s natural understanding for Christian natural theology. First, I treated the relationship between the origin of natural theology and revelation. Second, we discuss the possibility of Calvin’s natural theology through the conflicts and controversies between Barth and his natural theology. Third, we examined the possibility of Calvin’s natural theology. Fourth, we try to deal with the reality of Calvin’s natural theology. I try to look at Calvin’s science in the way.

헤르만 바빙크의 캄펀 신학교 교수직 취임연설, 『거룩한 신학의 학문』

박태현(Tae-Hyeun Park) 신학지남사 2018 신학지남 Vol.85 No.1

Dr. Herman Bavinck, one of the three great reformed theologian together with A. Kuyper and B. B. Warfield in the 20th century, was orthodoxy Calvinist and exceptionally great scholar. The Science of Sacred Theology, Herman Bavinck’s inauguration speech to Kampen Theological University, introduced and translated for the first time into Korean by this writer, shows Bavinck’s clear reformed view of theology as Christian science. Theological students, being trained to serve God and His church, are at the outset need to be rightly guided to what theology is. Here is an excellent guide for theological training, Herman Bavinck! The significance of the speech of Bavinck is largely two. Firstly, the speech is quite suitable to the inauguration to his professorship. For Bavinck deals with the essence of theology that he as a dogmatic professor will not only resolutely maintain but also together with the student he will teach pursuit. That is, Bavinck explains what theology is according to its unique character: the principle, the contents, and the purpose. Secondly, Bavinck’s speech is a reformed response to ‘Zeitgeist’, namely, a political, theological direction in 19th century in the Netherlands. On the one hand, in the context of political environment, the Higher Education Law enacted in 1876 has Duplex ordo, dividing theology into two, naked religious studies of national universities run by government and the doctrines of faith of theological institutes according to the church tradition. Bavinck criticizes that theological education is not progressed, but rather regressed by that law. For the law, not understanding the unique principle, object, and the purpose of theology, divide theology into two following the prevailed rationalism at that time. On the other hand, in the inner circle of the church, one of the leading theological professors, like Rauwenhoff, insists that theology must be secularized. Bavinck, however, responds that secularization of theology means simply a death-sentence to theology, and asserts that the secularization reminds us the precious calling to preserve and maintain the holy and independent nature of theology.

나사니엘 호손의 시와 단상에 반영된 생태신학적 의식

장인식 ( Ein Sik Chang ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2012 현대영어영문학 Vol.56 No.1

Under the assumption that Hawthorne`s description of nature expands into a religious and theological dimension, this paper attempts to investigate the eco-theological consciousness reflected in the poems and notes of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Seen from the ecological viewpoint, his works are full of various descriptions of nature. His description of nature, however, never remains within a boundary which keeps just a friendly relationship with nature. Instead, he lifts it up to a religious dimension, admiring nature`s mystery, listening to God`s message, realizing God`s providence, and trying to solve the ultimate problem of human beings. In this respect, his view of nature encounters with eco-theologians` view of nature. First, this paper examines how Hawthorne`s peculiar view of nature was formed; then it surveys the contents of eco-theology. And finally it investigates how the eco-theological principles and ethics are fused in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne by dividing them into six items: a) nature as Mother, b) consecrated nature, c) wisdom from nature, d) a teleological understanding on creation, e) a moderate life, f) a communal life.

알리스터 맥그래스의 과학적 신학과 삼위일체 자연신학 - 계시 인식론 중심으로 -

임영동 한국복음주의조직신학회 2017 조직신학연구 Vol.27 No.-

This dissertation is the study on new cognition of the divine revelation viewed through Alister E. McGrath. By this study I deeply approached the new cognition of revelation called ‘trinitarian natural theology’ based on ‘scientific theology’ established by McGrath. Until now, in the philosophy and theology, we have said the notion of two worlds of revelation, that is, the transcendental and natural worlds: the nature and recognition of reality which is expressed by the special revelation and the common revelation. Christian traditional theology has divided the recognition of dualistic revelation by describing the special revelation as what is about the salvation of trinity God and the common revelation as what is about the knowledge of God the Creator. I think that McGrath made a great contribution to solving the above problems by establishing his theological method to allow dualistic revelation recognized as monism. The main point of argument being treated in this studies is to complement and extend the theory of God’s revelation by integrating the special revelation which has been mentioned in the Christian theology, and the natural revelation which has been made to talk with each other through natural science, so that they can be recognized as being monistic. The enlargement of revelation makes God’s revelation stand out sufficiently by observing the reality of a posteriori experience which presupposes God’s revelation which has already been taken first. This method is the system which natural science, natural theology and philosophy resonate. This system builds up the new epistemology of Christian revelation which is called ‘trinitarian natural theology’ which special revelation and natural revelation integrate. This research will be the dialectic study against the thinkers of antichristianity, too. 이 논문은 알리스터 맥그래스(Alister E. McGrath)를 통해서 본 새로운 신적 계시 인식에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구는 맥그래스가 세운 과학적 신학 체계 위에 삼위일체적 자연신학이라는 새로운 계시 인식을 심층적으로 접근한다. 그동안 철학과 신학은 두 계시의 세계, 초월적 세계와 자연적 세계에 대한 관념을 말해 왔다. 즉 특별계시와 일반계시로 나타나는 신적 실재(reality)의 본질과 그 인식이다. 기독교 전통신학은 특별계시를 삼위일체 하나님의 구원에 관하여 서술하고 일반계시를 창조주 하나님의 지식에 관하여 서술함으로써 이원론적 계시인식을 구분하여 왔다. 맥그래스는 이원론적 계시 인식을 일원론적 계시 인식이라는 신학 방법론을 세워 위의 문제들을 해결하는 데 크게 기여하고 있다. 이 연구에서 다루어지는 중심적 논지는 기독교 신학에서 말하는 특별계시와 자연계시를 통합한 하나님의 계시를 보다 보완 확장하여 일원론으로 인식하게 하는 데 있다. 이 계시의 확장은 이미 선취된 하나님의 계시를 전제(前提)한 후험적 경험의 실재를 관찰하여 하나님의 계시를 풍족하게 드러낸다. 이 방법론은 자연과학과 자연신학, 그리고 철학이 공명할 수 있는 체계이기도 하다. 이러한 체계는 ‘삼위일체적 자연신학’이라는, 즉 특별 계시와 자연계시를 통합하는 새로운 기독교 계시 인식론을 세운다. 이 연구는 반기독교 사상가들에 대항하는 변증적 연구도 될 것이다.

인간 본성에 대한 자연의 신학적 이해의 시도 : 바르트의 인간론에 기초한 자연과학적 인간 이해와의 대화

이용주 한국조직신학회 2024 한국조직신학논총 Vol.0 No.74

본 연구에서는 자연의 신학적 관점에서 인간 본성에 대한 이해가 시도된다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 칼 바르트의 뺷교회교의학 III/2 “인간론”을통해 예수 그리스도의 계시 가운데 드러난 인간 일반의 인간다움이란‘동료인간들 간의 상호돌봄’과 영혼과 신체의 통일성 속에서 이를 수행할 수 있는 ‘개별 인간의 주체적 특성’에 있다는 사실이 제시된다. 이어서 인간에 대한 자연과학적 해명 중 이러한 신학적 인간론과 일치하는경우들을 살펴봄으로써 한편으로는 인간이라는 주제와 관련하여 신학과 자연과학 간의 대화를 위한 일종의 해석적 전제를 마련하고, 다른 한편으로는 다양한 자연과학적 해명들이 밝히는 생명체로서의 인간의 모습들이 일종의 하나님의 은총의 비유 혹은 표징으로 이해될 수 있다는사실이 제시될 것이다. 이 과정에서 바르트의 인간론 안에 자연의 신학의 관점에서 자연과학과 대화할 수 있는 요소들이 담겨 있다는 것이 드러나게 될 것이다. This essay attempts to understand human nature in the perspective of ‘theology of nature’. Through the analysis of Karl Barth’s anthropology in his Church Dogmatics III/2, it is presented that the essential of human nature in general lies in mutual care among fellow humans and subjectivity of individual human who lives in the unity of body and soul. After that, on the one hand, a kind of hermeneutic premise for dialogue between theology and natural science in relation to the human nature is to be presented. On the other hand, it will be argued that the characteristics of humans which are explained by natural science show the being of human creature as sign or metaphor for the grace of God, the Creator. That Barth’s theological anthropology contains useful elements for the dialogue between theology and natural science about the human being, specifically in terms of theology of nature, will be presented.