모듈러 지중아치 구조 안전성 검토를 위한 간략 해석 및 평가방법에 관한 연구

권태윤,조광일,이원홍,안진희 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2022 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.3

A modular underground arch structure using steel and concrete has been proposed as a structure that has a simple construction process and can effectively resist cross-sectional forces generated during construction and use. Structural behavior of modular underground arch was evaluated about span length less than 15m through 3D structural analysis and test. In general, 2D and 3D structural analysis methods may be applied for structural analysis such as underground arch and tunnels. However, if a 2D or 3D structural analysis method is applied to evaluate the structural safety of a modular underground arch structure, it is difficult to model for structural analysis and it may take an excessively long time to interpret. Therefore, it may not be reasonable as a structural analysis method for considering the structural safety and earth pressure in the design process of a modular underground arch structure. In addition, when a modular underground arch structure is configured for span lengths to which the predetermined cross-section is applicable, it may be reasonable to evaluate only the safety of the structure and cross-section according to the cross-section and load conditions. Therefore, in this study, a structural analysis model using frame elements was proposed for efficient structural safety evaluation. In addition, structural analysis results of the 2D structural analysis model and the simplified analysis model using frame elements were compared, and the structural safety of the modular underground arch structure for a span length of 20m was evaluated with a simplified analysis method. 모듈러 지중아치 구조는 시공과정이 단순하며 강재와 콘크리트를 이용하여 시공 및 공용 중에 발생하는 단면력에 대하여 효과적으로 저항할 수 있는 구조로 제안되어 15m 이하의 지간에 대하여 3차원 구조해석 및 실험을 통하여 구조적 거동이 평가되었다. 일반적으로 지중아치와 터널 등의 구조해석의 경우 2차원이나 3차원 구조해석 방법이 적용될 수 있다. 하지만, 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 구조적 안전성 평가를 위하여 2차원이나 3차원 구조해석 방법을 적용할 경우 구조해석을 위한 모형화가 어렵고, 해석시간이 과도하게 오래 걸릴 수 있으므로, 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 설계과정에서 필요한 구조 안전성 및 토압 등을 고려한 구조해석 방법으로는 합리적이지 않을 수 있다. 또한, 사전에 결정된 단면이 적용가능한 지간에 대하여 모듈러 지중아치 구조를 구성하는 경우 지간과 하중조건에 따른 단면과 구조적 안전성만을 평가하는 것이 합리적일 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 효율적인 구조 안전성 평가를 위하여 프레임 요소를 이용한 구조해석 모델을 제안하고, 2차원 구조해석모델과 프레임 요소를 이용한 간략해석모델의 구조해석 결과를 비교하였으며, 간략해석 방법을 이용하여 20m지간의 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 구조적 안전성을 평가하였다.

중층 규모 철근콘크리트 주거형 건물의 시공 중 구조성능 분석

고준영,김재요 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2019 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.5

Middle-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings account for a large portion of the Korea, and structural performance analysis are needed for problems that could occur during the construction of such buildings. Thus, a middle-rise reinforced concrete residential building with 25 stories are selected as a sample model for structural performance analysis. The structural analyses are performed by dividing a sample model into the construction stage models of the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th floors and the completion stage models with the design completed. For the comparisons of structural performances, Eigenvalue analysis results and lateral-load-resisting capabilities and structural design performances of structural members are analyzed. As a result of analyses, it was confirmed that both the construction and completion stage do not exceed KBC criteria limits at the lateral displacement and story drift ratio, and structural design performances of structural members confirm structural safety in all components except for some members of the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that if structural stability is obtained during the completion stage of a middle-rise reinforced concrete residential building, structural stability is secured under construction. 중층 철근콘크리트 주거형 건물은 국내에서 많은 비중을 차하며, 이러한 건물의 시공단계에서 발생 될 수 있는 문제에 대한 구조성능 분석이 필요하다. 이를 위하여, 25층 규모의 중층 철근콘크리트 주거형 건물을 예제모델로 선정해 구조성능 분석을 진행하였다. 예제모델을 5층, 10층, 15층, 20층, 25층의 시공단계 모델과 설계가 완료된 완공단계 모델로 구분해 구조해석을 수행하였다. 완공단계와 시공단계 모델들에 대하여, 고유치해석, 횡력저항성능, 완공단계에서의 설계강도비와 시공단계에서의 설계강도비를 비교를 통한 단면성능 검토를 수행하였다. 검토 결과, 시공단계와 완공단계 모두 횡변위와 층간변위비에서 건축구조기준 제한을 초과하지 않았는 것을 확인하였고, 단면성능 검토에서는 벽체의 일부 데이터를 제외한 모든 부재에서 구조적 안전성을 확인하였다. 따라서, 중층 철근콘크리트 주거형 건물의 완공단계에서 구조적 안정성이 확보되면 시공단계에서도 구조적 안정성 학보가 이루어진다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다.

지적구조 규명을 위한 키워드서지결합분석 기법에 관한 연구

이재윤,정은경 한국정보관리학회 2022 정보관리학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Intellectual structure analysis, which quantitatively identifies the structure, characteristics, and sub-domains of fields, has rapidly increased in recent years. Analysis techniques traditionally used to conduct intellectual structure analysis research include bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and author bibliographic coupling analysis. This study proposes a novel intellectual structure analysis method, Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis (KBCA). The Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis (KBCA) is a variation of the author bibliographic coupling analysis, which targets keywords instead of authors. It calculates the number of references shared by two keywords to the degree of coupling between the two keywords. A set of 1,366 articles in the field of ‘Open Data’ searched in the Web of Science were collected using the proposed KBCA technique. A total of 63 keywords that appeared more than 7 times, extracted from 1,366 article sets, were selected as core keywords in the open data field. The intellectual structure presented by the KBCA technique with 63 key keywords identified the main areas of open government and open science and 10 sub-areas. On the other hand, the intellectual structure network of co-occurrence word analysis was found to be insufficient in the overall structure and detailed domain structure. This result can be considered because the KBCA sufficiently measures the relationship between keywords using the degree of bibliographic coupling. 학문의 구조, 특성, 하위 분야 등을 계량적으로 규명하는 지적구조 분석 연구가 최근 급격히 증가하는 추세이다. 지적구조 분석 연구를 수행하기 위하여 전통적으로 사용되는 분석기법은 서지결합분석, 동시인용분석, 단어동시출현분석, 저자서지결합분석 등이다. 이 연구의 목적은 키워드서지결합분석(KBCA, Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis)을 새로운 지적구조 분석 방식으로 제안하고자 한다. 키워드서지결합분석 기법은 저자서지결합분석의 변형으로 저자 대신에 키워드를 표지로 하여 키워드가 공유한 참고문헌의 수를 두 키워드의 주제적 결합 정도로 산정한다. 제안된 키워드서지결합분석 기법을 사용하여 Web of Science에서 검색된 ‘Open Data’ 분야의 1,366건의 논문집합을 대상으로 분석하였다. 1,366건의 논문집합에서 추출된 7회 이상 출현한 63종의 키워드를 오픈데이터 분야의 핵심 키워드로 선정하였다. 63종의 핵심 키워드를 대상으로 키워드서지결합분석 기법으로 제시된 지적구조는 열린정부와 오픈사이언스라는 주된 영역과 10개의 소주제로 규명되었다. 이에 반해 단어동시출현분석의 지적구조 네트워크는 전체 구성과 세부 영역 구조 규명에 있어 미진한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 키워드서지결합분석이 키워드 간의 서지결합도를 사용하여 키워드 간의 관계를 풍부하게 측정하기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다.

미국자동차시장의 구조분석

Choi InHye(최인혜),Seo Goo Lee(이서구),Seong Keun Yi(이성근) 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.1

  본 연구는 미국의 자동시장의 시장구조를 분석한 것이다. 자동차 시장의 구조분석는 제품의 특성이냐내구재라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그 동안 시장구조분석은 일반포장소비재를 중심으로 분석되어 왔으나 자동차의 시장구조분석는 자동차의 구매주기가 장기간이며, 다음 구매는 많은 소비자가 상위차급으로 이동한다는 점에서 기존의 분석에 사용되었던 상표전환자료를 사용하는데 한계가 있다. 이 때문에 본 연구에서는 구매고려상표군을 중심으로 우사성지수로 사용하여 시장구조분석을 하였다. 자료는 미국의 자동차구매에 관한 이차자료를 활용하였으며, 자료의 특성상 일부차종에 한정하여 사용하였다. 크게 세가지 형태-비용, 비용-형태, 비구조화의 가설적 시장을 비교분석하였으며, 결과적으로 형태-비용 구조가 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.   Market structure analysis is a very useful tool to analyze the competition boundary of the brand or the company. But most of the studies in market structure analysis, the concern lies in nondurable goods such as candies, soft drink and etc. because of the their availability of the data. In the field of durable goods, the limitation of the data availability and the repurchase time period constrain the study. In the analysis of the automobile market, those of views might be more persuasive.<BR>  The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of automobile market based on some idea suggested by prior studies. Usually the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time. That kind of behavior make it impossible to analyze the structure of automobile market under the level of automobile model. For that reason I tried to analyze the market structure in the brand or company level.<BR>  In this study, consideration data was used for market structure analysis. The reasons why we used the consideration data are summarized as following. Firstly, as the repurchase time cycle is too long, brand switching data which is used for the market analysis of nondurable good is not avaliable. Secondly, as we mentioned, the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time.<BR>  We used survey data collected in the U.S.A. market in the year of 2005 through questionaire. The sample size was 8,291. The number of brand analyzed in this study was 9 among 37 which was being sold in U.S.A. market. Their market share was around 50%. The brands considered were BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, Honda, Mercedes, and Toyota. ? ratio was derived from frequency of the consideration set. Actually the frequency is different from the brand switch concept. In this study to compute the ? ratio, the frequency of the consideration set was used like a frequency of brand switch for convenience.<BR>  The study can be divided into 2 steps. The first step is to build hypothetical market structures. The second step is to choose the best structure based on the hypothetical market structures, Usually logit analysis is used for the choice best structure.<BR>  In this study we built 3 hypothetical market structure. They are type-cost, cost-type, and unstructured. We classified the automobile into 5 types, sedan, SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle), Pickup, Mini Van, and Full-size Van. As for purchasing cost, we classified it 2 groups based on the median value. The median value was $28,800.<BR>  To decide best structure among them, maximum likelihood test was used. Resulting from market structure analysis, we find that the automobile market of USA is hierarchically structured in the form of "automobile type - purchasing cost". That is, result showed that automobile buyers considered function or usage first and purchasing cost next.<BR>  This study has some limitations in the analysis level and variable selection. First, in this study only type of the automobile and purchasing cost were as attributes considered for purchase. Considering other attributes is very needful. Because of the attributes considered, only 3 hypothetical structure could be analyzed. Second, due to the data, brand level analysis was tried. But model level analysis would be better because automobile buyers consider model not brand. To conduct model level study more cases should be obtained. That is for acquiring the better practical meaning, brand level analysis should be conducted when we consider the actual competition which occurred in the real market. Third, the variable selection for building nested logit model was very limited to some avaliable data. In spite of those limitations, the importance of this study lies in the trial of market structure analysis of durable good.

터널구조물의 내진해석

이인모,안대진 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2001 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.3 No.4

Generally, it has been noted that underground structures have a consistent record of suffering much less damage thansurface facilities during earthquakes; but it is still necessar subject to earthquake loadings and to provide the appropriate m ethod for the seismic analysis of underground tunnelstructures since many types of underground structures have been and will be constructed in countries situated withinground tunnel structures are performed by using quasi-static analysis method and dynamic analysis method. Second, se ismic analyses in tunnel portals are performed by usingabove methods. The results of seismic analyses for the tunnel s tructure show that the tunnel structure conforms toground deformation and that seismic design by using the quasi-s tatic analysis method is more conservative than that byusing the dynamic analysis. The results of the dynamic FEM anal ysis for the tunnel structure show that the simplified 2-is can be adopted for seismic analysis. Finally, theresults of the dynamic FEM analysis in tunnel portals show that the force acting on the lining is largest near to thetunnel portal when an earthquake wave propagates parallel to tu nnel axis.

투입산출 구조분해를 이용한 지역별 산업구조와 생산성의 연계성 분석

김의준,이유진,장재원,최은진 한국지역학회 2011 지역연구 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between regional industrial structure and the productivity growth. For this purpose, this paper uses three structural decomposition methods to analyse regional industry differences in 2005 Multiregional Input-Output table such as push-pull analysis, Q-analysis, and output decomposition analysis. This paper finds that the forward and backward effects of service sectors are substantially strong in Seoul Metropolitan, Kangwon and Jeju area in terms of Push-Pull analysis and Q-analysis. In addition, the output decomposition analysis shows that the above three regions could lead to high levels of technological innovation in the service sectors. However, the result cannot confirm any causality between the service intensive growth and the productivity level for Baumol's paradox in Korea. 본 연구의 목적은 투입산출 구조분해를 이용하여 지역별 산업구조와 생산성 증대효과에 대한 연계성을 분석하는 것이다. 2005년도 지역 산업연관표의 압출-흡입 분석(Push-Pull Analysis)과 Q-분석을 통해 지역 간 산업구조의 차이를 규명하고, 생산량 변화 분해 분석(Output Decomposition Analysis)을 통해 지역별 생산성의 차이를 분석하였다. 압출-흡입 분석에 있어서는 수도권, 강원권 및 제주권의 서비스업 연계효과가 높은 값을 나타냈다. 또한, 수도권, 강원권, 제주권의 서비스업 전방연계효과가 높게 나타나고, 강원권, 제주권은 후방연계효과에서도 높은 값을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 서비스화와 생산성 변화 간의 연관관계를 살펴보기 위해 전 산업의 기술 수준에 따른 생산량 순위를 살펴본 결과, 지역의 서비스화와 전체 산업의 생산량 순위는 일치하지 않아 결과적으로 국내에서는 보몰의 역설이 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Evaluation and verification of a structural safety analysis for a type B transport package for a radioactive waste drum

Dong-Hak Kim,Ki-Seog Seo,Kyung-Ho Lee,Sang-Jin Lee,Jeong-Mook Kim 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.12

We conducted and verified the structural safety analyses for a type B transport package for a radioactive waste drum. The type B package is used to transport one high-level radioactive waste drum from a waste facility to a temporary site in a nuclear power plant. It is important that the structural integrity of a type B transport package should be maintained under normal transport conditions such as the free drop test, the stacking test and the penetration test, and accident conditions of transport such as the 9 m height free drop test and the puncture test. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pres-sure Vessel Code, Section Ⅲ, Division 3 we evaluated the structural safety integrity of the type B package for a radio-active waste drum using finite element analysis. For the stacking test condition the maximum stress is a very low value when compared with the stress limits. The impact of the penetration bar on the overpack does not affect the containment part. For the free drop test condition and the puncture test condition the local stresses appear at the impact part and the containment part connected with the inner structure. The maximum stresses for all of the conditions are lower than the stress limits, so the structural integrity of the type B package for a radioactive waste drum was maintained. Also, the structural safety analyses were verified by using the data acquired from the 9 m drop and the puncture tests of the real model. The analytic accelerations of the 9 m drop test are similar to the test results. For the puncture test condition the analytic result is conservative when compared to the test. The analysis for the structural safety of the type B package reveals conservative results and it is proved that its structural integrity is maintained under normal and accident conditions of transport.

신규 블레이드 안테나 장착을 위한 노후 회전익 항공기 구조 해석 연구

유정오,김재용,최항석 항공우주시스템공학회 2021 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.15 No.5

In this study, we performed a design and structural analysis of a blade-shaped antenna installation on the rear fuselage of a rotary wing aircraft operated by the military. When the structure is damaged while the aircraft is in operation, it is separated from the aircraft main structure and may collide with the rotor or blades to cause the aircraft to crash. Therefore, structural safety for the modified structure must be secured. The design requirement for the newly installed modified part were established, and the load condition was constructed by applying the load that may occur in the aircraft after the modification. Structure safety for the modified structure was secured by performing structure analysis. To analysis stress and deformation of aircraft structure, we developed finite element model and verified it by using hand calculation method. We confirmed the safety of the modified structure through the final structural integrity analysis. 본 논문에서는 군에서 운용하고 있는 회전익 항공기의 후방 동체 상부에 블레이드 형상을 가진 안테나 장착 설계와 구조 건전성 해석을 수행하였다. 항공기 운항 중 안테나 또는 지지 구조물이 파손되면 기체에서 분리되어 로터 부위 및 블레이드와 충돌할 수 있다. 이 경우 항공기가 추락에 이를 수 있는 위험한 상황이 되기 때문에 반드시 개조 구조물들에 대한 구조 해석을 통해 구조적인 안전성을 확보해야 한다. 안테나 신규 장착 부위와 개조 부위에 대한 설계 요구 조건을 분석하고, 개조 전/후 항공기에 작용하는 하중을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 안테나 신규 장착 부위와 개조 부위에 대한 설계 요구 조건을 분석하고, 개조 전/후 항공기에 작용하는 하중을 적용하여 지지 구조물에 대한 구조해석을 수행하여 안전성을 확보하였다. 유한요소 모델을 구성하여 응력과 변형량을 확인하고 이론적인 분석 방법을 통해 유한요소 모델을 검증하였다. 이를 토대로 설계된 구조물의 구조 건전성을 확인하였다.

論文(논문) : 인간동력항공기 구조 개발

신정우 ( Jeong Woo Shin ),우대현 ( Dae Hyun Woo ),박일경 ( Ill Kyung Park ),이무형 ( Mu Hyoung Lee ),임주섭 ( Joo Sup Lim ),박상욱 ( Sang Wook Park ),김성준 ( Sung Joon Kim ),안석민 ( Seok Min Ahn ) 한국항공운항학회 2013 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Human Powered Aircraft (HPA) should be light in weight and have high efficiency because power source of propulsion is human muscles. Airframe structure takes up most of empty weight of aircraft, so weight reduction of structure is very important issue for HPA. In this paper, design/analysis/test procedures for ultra light weight structure of the HPA developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) are explained briefly. Structural design is conducted through case studies on HPA in the USA and Japan. Loads analysis is performed to calculate design loads which is needed for structural design and analysis. Structural analysis is conducted for structure sizing. Static strength test of main wing spar which is primary structure of wing is performed to verify structural integrity.

Resisting capacity of Korean traditional wooden structural systems subjected to static loading

Hwang, Jong-Kook,Kwak, Samuel,Kwak, Ji-Hyun Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.30 No.3

This paper investigates the structural behavior of Korean traditional wooden structures on the basis of the structural analysis using the commercialized program, SAP 2000. All the structural systems were analyzed, and the rotational stiffness at each joint was inferred from the experimental result for a half scale model of Bongjeong-sa (a temple in South Korea). In addition, the artificial control of analysis parameters was prevented because the structural analysis was focused on the realization of the most exact structural behavior of real structures. The analysis was carried out for the horizontal and vertical static loads, and all the secondary members were excluded in the structural analysis. The obtained results show that the resisting capacity of the primary structural system is greater than that of the expanding structural system.