대형연구시설을 활용한 연구에 관한 공법적 쟁점 검토 - 미국의 대형연구시설 관련 법제도 연구를 중심으로 -

김재선 충북대학교 법학연구소 2022 法學硏究 Vol.33 No.2

As the need for research using advanced facilities increased, the need for safe and efficient management of large research facilities used by research institutes increased. In particular, in the case of large research facilities, efficient and reasonable legalization measures are required in the use of large research facilities due to overlapping installation, disposal of idle or underutilized facilities, and temporary treatment. In Korea, the Basic Law on Science and Technology, the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on Science and Technology, and the 「Basic Research and Development Support Act」, the Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act」, and the 협동Cooperative Research and Development Promotion Act have been enacted and applied. However, research on overseas cases with a more systematic management system is required because individual laws regulate different contents according to legislative purposes, and in some cases, the contents required by practice cannot be more specifically defined. In the case of the United States, since World War II, systematic laws, procedures, and guidelines have been operated on specific science and technology policies, funding for technology development, and facility operation plans. The federal government (Energy Bureau, Science Bureau, National Science Foundation, National Health Agency, etc.) centered on the presidential office systematically operates using related laws and guidelines. First, federal law proposes standards for funding for future strategy establishment under the American Innovation and Competition Act, Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement, and guidelines for the Budget Administration (OMB Circular A-110) and Large Research Foundation (DNS) Guidelines for Energy Agency (DNS). Meanwhile, universities or research institutes operate individual guidelines for equipment management of large research facilities, and Stanford University has a systematic management and operation system for accelerator operation and management organization. Accordingly, the following implications are drawn for the laws related to research facilities in the United States. First, systematic governance is prepared for research promotion, and active support from the federal government is being provided around the presidential office. In the case of the American Innovation and Competition Act, which is under discussion for revision in 2021, six key industries (Artificial Intelligence, Semiconductor, Quantum Computing, Advanced Communication, Biotechnology, Energy Improvement) have been proposed. This U.S. governance system is consistent with the U.S. federal government's policy direction, which actively supports science and technology policies after World War II, and is thought to have implications in Korea in terms of actively and systematically supporting federal-managed industries. Second, there are detailed regulations and guidelines for budget allocation and management of research facilities. For example, the OMB Circular A-110, DOE 413.3A, and the Large Facility Manual of the National Science Foundation (NSF) stipulate not only the allocation of research funds but also the factors that need to be checked by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in detail. Third, various verification procedures such as external verification procedures and cost-benefit analysis are prepared. It seems that a management system is in place as predictable verification procedures for selecting research topics and initial design, such as verifying the Director's Review Board (DRB) of the Energy Agency and reviewing the National Science Board of the NSF are stipulated. In addition, it can be considered that the Large Facility Manual stipulates cost-benefit procedures and provides management improvement procedures through reasonable compensation for research and cost-benefit analysis.

연구시설장비 운영·활용 고도화를 위한 연구기반센터 성과참조모델 연구

양인준,박미정,나문성,최승일 대한설비관리학회 2022 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.27 No.2

As the importance of research facility equipment in national R&D is increasing day by day, various ministries are investing a lot in research facility equipment competitively. In this study, in order to increase the utilization of research equipment and facilities, the performance reference model to advance the operating level of institutions that operate equipment and facilities is starting from a real problem. As a result of interviewing research equipment and facilities utilization promotion organizations(centers) that are currently operating after building or constructing research equipment and facilities, research is conducted so that each institution that operates research equipment and facilities can supplement the operational gaps. It was found that it is necessary to present the desirable operation of the equipment and facility operating institution. The performance reference model was designed based on self-diagnosis, evaluation, and feedback operation in the center, and was designed to self-diagnose the overall operation of the center, from the leadership of the center manager to the maintenance and management of research equipment and facilities.

An Analysis of the Trends in the Arena of Cooperation by the International Research Cooperation Related Experts

노영희,노지윤,곽우정 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2021 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.11 No.4

The International Research Cooperation Information Center has carried out a project to collect the DBs related to the international research cooperation information, and build an online service system. This study seeks to examine and understand the trends of international research cooperation by analyzing the data corresponding to the other international cooperation DBs such as symposium and seminar, which may be said to be the arena of cooperation by the international research cooperation related experts, among the international research cooperation information DBs collected by the International Research Cooperation Information Center. The other international cooperation DBs are divided into the international cooperation consortium, international cooperation symposium, international research cooperation seminar, international training program, international research cooperation workshop, and the international research cooperation equipment / facility. It seems that, based on the research results, it is necessary to hold international cooperation programs, seminars, and workshops, among others, with a focus on the themes to recover the trends of international cooperation as in the past, and recover from the pandemic situation. The results of this study may be utilized as the basic data for the researchers related to the international research cooperation, and furthermore, by analyzing various international research cooperation information DBs in a multi-faceted manner, the studies analyzing the research trends of international research cooperation by field, subject, and type may be conducted, and the facilitation of the international research cooperation in Korea is expected moving forward.

국가 대형연구시설 관리 법제의 현황과 개선방향 - 가속기 관리 법제를 중심으로 -

손경한,송용주 대한변호사협회 2020 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol.- No.490

As the importance of large scale research facilities like an accelerator increases, the investment and construction of such facilities keep on growing. However, there are problems in stable and long-term operation of these facilities due to the lack of systematic management caused by current insufficient regulations in Korea. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, we looked into regulation and current state of large scale research facilities in foreign countries. Further we researched the legislative history of the Korean law regarding large scale research facilities and analyzed the current regulations of Korea on such facilities. Then we proposed to change the regulation from a view point of large scale research facilities to a view point of “major multi-user research facilities.” We further offered to create a new legislation for construction, management and utilization of these facilities by either to insert relevant provisions into the existing legislation or to establish a special law on major multi-user research facility management. These improved legislations that contain systematic and concrete management of research facility will enable more efficient and comprehensive management of these facilities at national level and from a long-term view. 가속기와 같은 대형연구시설의 중요성이 커짐에 따라 이에 대한 투자와 구축이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 현행 관련 법령의 문제점으로 인해 체계적인 관리가 미흡하여 대형연구시설의 안정적·장기적 운영에 애로가 있는 실정이다. 이에 본고는 대형연구시설에 관한 법제 개선을 위하여 외국의 대형연구시설 법제 및 관리 현황과 한국의 법제 및 관리 현황을 분석한 뒤 기초연구법에 대형연구시설의 구축, 관리 및 활용에 관한 근거 조문을 마련하거나 대형연구시설 관리 등을 위한 특별법을 제정하는 방안을 제시하였다. 개선 법제에 있어서는 연구시설의 규모보다는 연구시설의 중요성에 주목하여 대형연구시설에 관한 법제를 법리적으로 체계적이고 상세하게 갖춤으로써 국가차원에서 대형연구시설을 장기적으로 포괄적이고 효율적으로 관리할 수 있게 하는 방안을 제시하였다.

연구시설 대수선 공사의 효율적 수행을 위한 개선요구사항 연구

박경석,임형철 대한건축학회지회연합회 2014 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.16 No.5

최근 건축물의 대형화 및 고층건축물은 일반적으로 건설→운용→폐기의 과정을 거치게 되는데 최근 들어 이러한 Life Cycle 중에서 운용단계에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 철근 콘크리트로 지은 대부분의 건축물들은 60∼70년 가까이 사용가능한 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재 우리나라는 1970∼80년대 고도의 경제성장과 더불어 국가 과학기술 의 발전을 위해 많은 연구 인력이 증가함에 따라 많은 연구시설이 건설되었던 수많은 건축물들이 노후화 등으로 인 해 경제적, 사회적 요구에 부응하지 못하고 있다. 일반적으로 민간시설의 경우 리모델링 후에 얻어지는 경제적 이점 때문에 투자가 활발하여 신축의 수준에 달하는 리모델링이 이루어지고 있지만 대형연구시설의 경우에는 매년 책정되어있는 한정된 예산으로 간단한 개보수나 노 후화가 심각한 부위에 대한 개별적인 리모델링을 실시하는 등의 소극적인 관리를 하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 제한 된 예산내에서 최적의 리모델링을 실시하여 사용자의 쾌적성 및 사용성, 연구시설의 효율적인 관리와 내구성을 증 가 시킬 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 대형연구시설 리모델링 공사의 효율적 수행을 위하여 일반건설공사의 CM프로세스 분석을 바탕 으로 리모델링의 특성과 공사 프로세스를 비교하여 일반건설공사에서의 CM과 리모델링 공사의 CM의 차이점을 파 악하고 대형연구시설 리모델링의 특성과 사례를 고찰한 후, 대형연구시설 리모델링의 관리기법 개선 프로젝트의 성공적인 수행을 위한 CM기법 적용을 제안한다. 이를 위해 건립된 지 30∼40년이 경과된 대형연구시설을 대상으 로 리모델링 전 단계를 분석하고 대형연구시설 리모델링의 특성을 고려한 합리적인 리모델링 전략을 제안하여 향 후 대형연구시설 리모델링에 필요한 기초적인 자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. Specific facilities have been constructed because of increasing demand in part of science and technology with high growth of Korean economy in 1970’s and 1980’s. 50% of the large research facilities of government- supported research institutes which are making important roles have been over 18 years since their construction and most of them were built when quantitative supply was prior to qualitative level due to lack of research areas and laboratories. These places cannot adapt to the new environment these days so it is considered that remodelling of construction in the large research facilities would be revved up. The large research facilities require the continuous remodelling according to building performances themselves, research areas’ changes and researchers’ paradigm changes. Although the market size of total remodeling in Korea is very small; around 15% of total construction market; it is expected to grow to 30% in 2014 overtaking the growth rate of new construction investment. It is essential to approach the aspect in CM as well as information accumulation which is gained through performing the remodeling project based on the understanding on both process distinctiveness that exists as distinct from the normal construction in remodeling project and several construction contracts. Therefore this thesis suggests the CM application methods as follows analysing not only the CM difference in normal construction and large research facility remodeling, but also the remodeling examples of the large research facilities to perform the remodeling construction of large research facilities efficiently.

국내 영상 콘텐츠 제작시설 연구의 최근 동향 분석

장찬범,임채진 한국문화공간건축학회 2015 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.52

In the 21st century, the film industry is a promising industry and is recognized as one of the most important growth engine. Recently the 'Korea Culture‘ broadcasting on the content industry, rapid growth led to a culture and as a result production depending on the type of the facility type is more diverse. Video production facility is one of the most important driving force, led by the Middle cultural exchange function but Compared to the rapid growth of domestic production facilities or the content and facilities location research tribes related to the point about the need for urgent research. This study is an analysis of existing studies through literature review and video take a look at the latest research trends in content production facilities, research and future direction of the research visual production facility. Specifically, by examining the chronological presentation papers, selected papers to research and study the flow through the main control and analyze the overall characteristics of a research paper, research topics contents classified in nine sectors, depending on the specific research trends in the macro and long-term perspective than in the future, new research topics through the discovery and subsequent study direction and given the video production facilities to help research new and improved, which resulted in a lot of studies on various aspects of the desirable direction.

노인의료복지시설 운영경험에 관한 근거이론 연구: 여성시설장을 중심으로

김정숙 ( Jungsuk Kim ) 한국교회교육·복지실천학회 2018 교회교육·복지실천 연구 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 지금까지의 연구적 동향과 주제의 필요성에 입각하여 여성의 감성을 필요로 하는 노인복지분야에서 여성 시설장이 담당하고 있는 역할과 생생한 운영경험을 살펴보고자 한다. 개방코딩을 통해 96개의 개념과 43개의 하위범주, 17개의 범주를 도출하였다. 축코딩 결과로 도출된 중심현상은 “책임자의 고충”이었다. 인과적 조건은 “가족 돌봄의 한계봉착”과 “노인돌봄제도의 부각”이었으며 맥락적 조건은 “엄격한 시설운영기준”, “입소자 가족과의 갈등”, “시설장의 높은 업무강도”, “여성편중”이었다. 또한 중재적 조건은 “시설장의 신앙심”, “경력차이에 따른 시설운영”, “사회적으로 인정받기”로 나타났다. 중심현상에 대한 작용/상호작용의 전략은 “자기개발”, “다양하게 시도하기”, “타시설장과의 교류”, “생각 전환하기”였으며 이러한 전략을 통해 추출된 결과는 “현상유지하기”, “폐업고려”, “휴먼공동체로 거듭나기”였다. 여성시설장의 운영경험의 유형은 현상유지형, 카리스마형, 온정주의형, 시장주의형으로 나타났다. 분석결과, 공단은 간소화된 평가절차를 수립해야 하며, 현장에서 일하는 시설장들의 경험을 피드백 할 수 있는 지역사회 내 공식적인 소통창구 마련, 시설장에게 전문적 인력기준 요구 및 제도적 측면에서 서비스 수가의 적정한 현실화, 보호자의 의무교육이 실시되어야 한다. Based on research trends in the past and themes to be studied, this study purposed to examine the roles of female facility directors in the area of elderly welfare and their field experiences. And the researcher derived 96 concepts, 43 subcategories, and 17 categories through open coding after the interviews. The consequently derived central phenomenon was “distress to the responsible person.” Causal conditions that caused the central phenomenon were “confrontation of limits in family care” and “emergence of elderly care system,” and contextual condition that influenced the central phenomenon were “strict facility operation standards,” “conflicts with residents’ families,” “high workload of the director,” and “high percentage of women.” In addition, interventional conditions that promoted or inhibited action/interaction strategies for the central phenomenon were “religious faith of the director,” “different facility operation according to experience,” and “social recognition.” Action/interaction strategies for the central phenomenon were “self-development,” “making various attempts,” “exchange with other facility directors,” and “changing ideas,” and outcomes attained through these strategies were “maintaining the current state,” “consideration of closure,” and “being born again as a human community.” And their operation experiences were typified according to causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action/interaction strategies, and the nature of outcomes. From the facility directors’ operation experiences explored in this study were obtained practical implications as follows. First, the National Health Insurance Corporation should establish a field-oriented and simplified evaluation procedure for the smooth operation of elderly medical and welfare facilities. Second, there should be an official communication channel in community for the feedback of field facility directors’ experiences. Third, it is necessary to require of facility directors professional standards such as a certain length of experience and job-related certificates. Fourth, in the institutional aspect, it is necessary to raise fees for the services. Fifth, mandatory education should be given to the guardians for residents’ health and responsibility.

Status of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary Research Facilities in Nigeria

Odetokun, Ismail Ayoade,Jagun-Jubril, Afusat Toyin,Onoja, Bernard A.,Wungak, Yiltawe Simwal,Raufu, Ibrahim Adisa,Chen, Jessica Corron Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.1

Background: This study determined current status of laboratory biosafety in Nigerian veterinary research facilities. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to obtain information from researchers across Nigeria from July 2014 to July 2015. Information regarding demographics, knowledge of laboratory biosafety, availability and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), any priority pathogens researched, attitude on and use of standard laboratory practices, and biosafety awareness was obtained using a numeric scoring system. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 74 participants from 19 facilities completed the questionnaire. General knowledge scores ranged from 3 to 28 (out of 28 possible points), with 94.6% of respondents receiving low scores (scores < mean + 1 standard deviation). Very few (17.6%) reported availability or use PPE. Many participants (63.5%) reported no access to biosafety level (BSL)-1-3 facilities. None reported availability of a BSL-4 facility. Knowledge scores pertaining to biosafety management practices ranged from 0 to 14 (out of 14 possible points) with 47.3% of respondents receiving good scores (scores > mean + 1 standard deviation). Only 16.2% of respondents (from four facilities) reported having biosafety officers. Rabies virus was the most researched pathogen (31.1% of respondents). The majority (71.6%) were unaware of laws guiding biosafety. Researchers [odds ratio (OR) = 18.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63, 198.5; p = 0.023], especially in BSL-2 (OR = 258.5; 95% CI: 12.71, 5256; p < 0.001) facility of research institute (OR = 25.0; 95% CI: 5.18, 120.6; p < 0.001), are more likely to have adequate access to and properly utilize biosafety devices and PPE. Conclusions: Current knowledge of laboratory biosafety is limited except among a few researchers.

Status of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary Research Facilities in Nigeria

Ismail Ayoade Odetokun,Afusat Toyin Jagun-Jubril,Bernard A. Onoja,Yiltawe Simwal Wungak,Ibrahim Adisa Raufu,Jessica Corron Chen 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.1

Background: This study determined current status of laboratory biosafety in Nigerian veterinary research facilities. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to obtain information from researchers across Nigeria from July 2014 to July 2015. Information regarding demographics, knowledge of laboratory biosafety, availability and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), any priority pathogens researched, attitude on and use of standard laboratory practices, and biosafety awareness was obtained using a numeric scoring system. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 74 participants from 19 facilities completed the questionnaire. General knowledge scores ranged from 3 to 28 (out of 28 possible points), with 94.6% of respondents receiving low scores (scores < mean þ 1 standard deviation). Very few (17.6%) reported availability or use PPE. Many participants (63.5%) reported no access to biosafety level (BSL)-1e3 facilities. None reported availability of a BSL-4 facility. Knowledge scores pertaining to biosafety management practices ranged from 0 to 14 (out of 14 possible points) with 47.3% of respondents receiving good scores (scores > mean þ 1 standard deviation). Only 16.2% of respondents (from four facilities) reported having biosafety officers. Rabies virus was the most researched pathogen (31.1% of respondents). The majority (71.6%) were unaware of laws guiding biosafety. Researchers [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 18.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63, 198.5; p ¼ 0.023], especially in BSL-2 (OR ¼ 258.5; 95% CI: 12.71, 5256; p < 0.001) facility of research institute (OR ¼ 25.0; 95% CI: 5.18, 120.6; p < 0.001), are more likely to have adequate access to and properly utilize biosafety devices and PPE. Conclusions: Current knowledge of laboratory biosafety is limited except among a few researchers

아동 교육시설 및 교육환경 디자인 연구 동향 분석

백지원(Paik Ji Won) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구는 아동 교육시설 및 교육환경 디자인에 관한 학술논문의 연구 동향을 분석함으로써 교육환경 개선을 위한 미래 연구의 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구대상은 학술연구재단이 등재 후보지 선정을 시작한 1998년 이후, 등재지 혹은 등재 후보지 36곳의 학술지에 수록된 153편의 아동 교육환경 관련 학술논문을 대상으로 분석하였으며, 2012년 6월부터 8월까지 국회전자도서관, 한국학술정보KISS, 학술연구정보서비스, 건축도시연구정보센터 웹사이트의 데이터베이스를 활용 하여 대상 자료를 수집 하였다. 분석결과 아동 교육환경 연구는 대부분이 ‘평가’를 목적으로 하였으며, 연구방법에 있어서는 ‘관찰’과 ‘조사’가 주를 이루었다. 연구 주제 영역으로는 ‘초등학교’시설 관련 연구가 양적으로 월등히 많았고, 주제 공간은 교실, 도서실, 과학실 등의 ‘소요실’에 대한 연구가 많았으며, 주제 내용에 있어서는 ‘공간구성’과 ‘공간계획’에 관한 연구가 양적으로 많게 나타났다. 시대 변화에 따라 주제 공간에도 변화가 있었는데, 1998년부터 2002년까지는 ‘실내디자인’에 대한 연구가 많았고, 2003에서 2007년까지는 ‘건축’에 대한 연구가 많았으며, 2008년부터 2012년까지는 공간 ‘일반’에 대한 연구가 수적으로 많은 양을 나타내고 있었다. ‘행태’에 대한 연구는 시간이 흐름에 따라 그 양적 비율이 점점 줄어드는 반면, 아동 교육시설의 ‘지역 연계적 사용 방안’에 대한 연구와 ‘친환경’에 관한 연구 비율은 점점 많아지고 있어 사회적 요구를 반영하고 있었다. This study aims to provide preliminary data for following researches on the improvement of children"s educational environment by analyzing the academic research tendency of children"s educational facilities and educational environment design. The subjects of the study are focused on 153 academic papers contained in 36 accredited journals or candidate journals for accredited by NRF(National Research Foundation of Korea) since 1998, starting NRF announced candidate journals for accredit. Research papers were collected through the website, such as National assembly digital library, Research information sharing service, Architecture and urban research information center, Korean studies information service system from June to August of 2012. Research purposes for children"s educational facilities are mostly in "evaluation" and research method for children’s educational facilities are "observations" and "investigations". The subject area is mainly in "elementary school facilities". Main space target of the research papers is "required rooms of the facilities", such as classrooms, libraries, science lab, and, etc. Among the required rooms, classroom related study is quantitatively plenty. As a result of contents analysis, "space composition", and "space planning" are quantitatively plenty. As time goes by, the subject area of research paper changed. There were plenty of "Interior Design" subject area from 1998 to 2002 and "Architecture" area from 2003 to 2007, and a lot of "General Space" area from 2008 to 2012. While "behavior", the quantitative ratio of the study has been decreased, reflecting the social needs, children"s educational facilities "regional associated sharing plan" and "green design" research ratio have been increased.