국내항공사의 운영성과 시뮬레이션

장병윤,박병주 차세대컨버전스정보서비스학회 2021 차세대컨버전스정보서비스기술논문지 Vol.10 No.2

This research reorganize a ROIC tree as a tool of comparing operations performance of Korean aviation industry and visualize the relationship between operations factors and return on invested capital(ROIC). In finance area, the economic value is considered to be created when ROIC is more than WACC(weighted average cost of capital). We use ROIC tree to compare airlines' labor productivity and profits which is created by one employee and measure the potential costs which can be reduced by improving operating efficiency. The ROIC tree analysis can be used for not only airlines' industry but every type of companies. This analysis is a method of visualizing the relationship between operations and financial department with not enumerating complicate equations but constructing a simple tree structure. We expect that this research will be used as a tool of relationship analysis between operations and financial performance in many companies. 본 연구에서는 국내 대형 및 저가항공사들의 재무성과와 그에 직접적으로 관련된 운영요인들을 ROIC나무를 통해 분석한다. 재무 분야에서 ‘창출된 경제적 가치’는 투하자본 수익률(이하 ROIC; return on invested capital)이 자본의 가중평균비용(WACC; weighted average cost of capital)을 초과할 때마다 창출된다고 본다. 따라서 ROIC을 높이고 자본의 가중평균비용을 낮추는 것이 창출된 경제적 가치를 높이는 방법이다. 특히, 기업의 운영방법 개선에 따른 경제적 가치창출량의 변화를 살피기 위해서는 기업의 투하자본에 따른 순수한 영업성과를 나타내는 ROIC를 확인할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공사의 운영지표들을 정의하고 각 운영지표와 ROIC간 관계를 규명함으로써 대형항공사와 저가항공사 간 운영효율성 차이를 비교했다. 여러 분석이 가능하지만 대표적으로 ROIC나무의 나뭇잎 부분에서 도출한 각 사별 노동생산성과 운항거리 당 매출을 이용해 항공사 간 노동생산성 차이를 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 비교하였다.

수생태계 부영양화 분석을 위한 비색법 기반의 광학식 센서 신호처리회로(ROIC)구현

구성모 ( Seong Mo Koo ),정동건 ( Dong Geon Jung ),최영찬 ( Young Chan Choi ),김경규 ( Kyung-kyoo Kim ),공성호 ( Seong Ho Kong ) 한국센서학회 2020 센서학회지 Vol.29 No.4

In this study, a read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) that can be applied to a colorimetry-based optical sensor for analyzing total phosphorus and total nitrogen was developed and characterized. The proposed ROIC minimizes the effect on temperature fluctuation, improves sensitivity, and extends the dynamic range by utilizing a dual optical path and feedback control circuit. Using a dual optical path makes it possible to calibrate the output signal of the optical sensor automatically, along with the temperature fluctuation. The calibrated voltage is fed back into the measurement stage; thus, the output current of the measurement is adaptively controlled. As a result, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the proposed ROIC are improved. Finally, a total-phosphorus analysis was conducted by utilizing the ROIC. The ROIC was found to operate stably over a wide temperature range.

CdTe 멀티에너지 엑스선 영상센서 패키징 기술 개발

권영만,김영조,유철우,손현화,김병욱,김영주,최병정,이영춘 한국방사선학회 2014 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.7

CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 영상센서와 ROIC를 패키징 하기 위한 flip chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding 및 encapsulation 공정조건을 개발하였으며 성공적으로 모듈화 하였다. 최적 flip chip bonding 공정 조건은 접합온도 CdTe 센서 150℃, ROIC 270℃, 접합압력 24.5N, 접합시간 30s일 때이다. ROIC에 형성된 SnAg bump의 bonding이 용이하도록 CdTe 센서에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 접합온도를 설정하였으며, CdTe센서가 실리콘 센서에 비하여 쉽게 파손되는 것을 고려하여 접합압력을 최소화하였다. 패키징 완료된 CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 모듈의 각각 픽셀들은 단락이나 합선 등의 전기적인 문제점이 없는 것을 X선 3D computed tomography를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Flip chip bump bonding후 전단력은 2.45kgf/mm2 로 측정되었으며, 이는 기준치인 2kgf/mm2 이상으로 충분한 접합강도를 가짐을 확인하였다. The process of flip-chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding and encapsulation were sucessfully developed and modularized. The CdTe sensor and ROIC were optimally jointed together at 150℃ and 270℃ respectively under24.5 N for 30s. To make SnAg bump on ROIC easy to be bonded, the higher bonding temperature was established than CdTe sensor's. In addition, the bonding pressure was lowered minimally because CdTe Sensor is easier to break than Si Sensor. CdTe multi-energy sensor module observed were no electrical failures in the joints using developed flip chip bump bonding and Au wire bonding process. As a result of measurement, shearing force was 2.45kgf/mm2 and, it is enough bonding force against threshold force, 2kgf/mm2s.

CdTe 멀티에너지 엑스선 영상센서 패키징 기술 개발

권영만,김영조,유철우,손현화,김병욱,김영주,최병정,이영춘 한국방사선학회 2014 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.7

CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 영상센서와 ROIC를 패키징 하기 위한 flip chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding 및 encapsulation 공정조건을 개발하였으며 성공적으로 모듈화 하였다. 최적 flip chip bonding 공정 조건은 접합온도 CdTe 센서 150 ℃, ROIC 270 ℃, 접합압력 24.5N, 접합시간 30s일 때이다. ROIC에 형성된 SnAg bump의 bonding이용이하도록 CdTe 센서에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 접합온도를 설정하였으며, CdTe센서가 실리콘 센서에 비하여 쉽게 파손되는 것을 고려하여 접합압력을 최소화하였다. 패키징 완료된 CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 모듈의 각각 픽셀들은 단락이나 합선 등의 전기적인 문제점이 없는 것을 X선 3D computed tomography를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Flip chip bump bonding후 전단력은 2.45 kgf/mm2 로 측정되었으며, 이는 기준치인 2 kgf/mm2 이상으로 충분한 접합강도를 가짐을 확인하였다. The process of flip-chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding and encapsulation were sucessfully developed and modularized. The CdTe sensor and ROIC were optimally jointed together at 150 ℃and 270 ℃ respectively under24.5 N for 30s. To make SnAg bump on ROIC easy to be bonded, the higher bonding temperature was established than CdTe sensor's. In addition, the bonding pressure was lowered minimally because CdTe Sensor is easier to break than Si Sensor. CdTe multi-energy sensor module observed were no electrical failures in the joints using developed flip chip bump bonding and Au wire bonding process. As a result of measurement, shearing force was 2.45 kgf/mm2 and, it is enough bonding force against threshold force, 2 kgf/mm2s.

투하자본수익률과 기업다각화의 상호 연관관계 분석

곽철효 ( Chul Hyo Kwak ),김병곤 ( Byoung Gon Kim ),김동욱 ( Dong Wook Kim ) 한국금융공학회 2005 금융공학연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 국내 277개 상장기업을 대상으로 기업의 투하자본수익률과 기업다각화간의 상호 연관관계를 2SLS방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실증결과에 의하면, 첫째, 투하자본수익률과 기업의 다각화간에는 상호 의존적인 영향관계가 존재하여 투하자본의 수익률이 기업의 다각화전략에 영향을 미치고, 기업의 다각화전략이 투하자본의 수익률에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다각화수준이 높을수록 투하자본의 수익률이 높아지는 것으로 분석되어 내부자본시장의 효율성가설을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 다각화기업의 경우 각 사업부문이 창출한 현금흐름으로 내부자본시장을 형성하여 투자수익성이 높은 사업에 더 많이 투자할 수 있게 됨으로써 투하자본의 수익률이 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 투하자본수익률이 높을수록 다각화를 추진하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 투하자본의 수익률이 높을수록 상대적으로 수익성이 낮은 사업에 투자할 위험을 축소시키기 위해 사업다각화를 추진하지 않거나 사업집중화를 추진하려는 경향이 있는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the interrelationship between return of invested capital and corporate diversification of 277 Korean listed companies using data sets from 1999 to 2003. 2SLS(2 Stage Least Squares) regression method was used to test the interrelationship between the return of invested capital and the corporate diversification. Additionally, the structural equation model applied to the test includes two equations; ROIC equation and diversification equation. The analyzed results are as follows. Firstly, the ROIC and corporate diversification strategy are decided simultaneously and dependently. Secondly, in considering the ROIC equation, the diversification has positive effects on the ROIC. So we find that the efficient internal capital market hypothesis can be supported. Thirdly, with respect to diversification equation, the level of diversification has negative effects on ROIC.

Pair-Wise Serial ROIC for Uncooled Microbolometer Array

Haider, Syed Irtaza,Majzoub, Sohaib,Alturaigi, Mohammed,Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2015 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.4 No.4

This work presents modelling and simulation of a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) design considering pair-wise serial configuration along with thermal modeling of an uncooled microbolometer array. A fully differential approach is used at the input stage in order to reduce fixed pattern noise due to the process variation and self-heating-related issues. Each pair of microbolometers is pulse-biased such that they both fall under the same self-heating point along the self-heating trend line. A ${\pm}10%$ process variation is considered. The proposed design is simulated with a reference input image consisting of an array of $127{\times}92$ pixels. This configuration uses only one unity gain differential amplifier along with a single 14-bit analog-to-digital converter in order to minimize the dynamic range requirement of the ROIC.

ROE 분해구조의 특성을 이용한 재무투자지표의 고찰 및 적용방안

최성운 대한안전경영과학회 2013 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

ROIC(영업투하자본율) Tree와 ROA, ROE를 활용한 커피프랜차이즈 기업의 수익성에 관한 연구

김태호,김학선 (사)한국조리학회 2018 한국조리학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to grasp the profitability of coffee franchise companies using ROIC tree, ROA and ROE. As a result, ROA was using assets efficiently, and some companies are in desperate need to improve their management based on past brand recognition, and a new paradigm management strategy is urgently required. In particular, the franchise company's current cost burden is greater than comparable firms. In ROE, the capital was operating efficiently. Since ROIC is very difficult to classify business related and operating related amounts accurately based on financial statement information, there is a limit to accurate ROIC calculation. Therefore, ROIC is estimated to be 7.6~38.29% as of 2016 based on ROIC calculation. In the case of continuous growth companies, investments are made to improve steady sales, but some companies seem to be unable to escape from past paradigm. In order to continue the growth of the company beyond the accounting profit in the future, the ROIC Tree can be used to measure the subdivided management performance and propose efficiency plan.

Fully Differential ROIC for SNR Enhancement by using a MEMS Microphone Pair with a Differential AC Bias and a High-voltage DC Bias

Yoon-Jee Kim,Jaehyun Park,Byungsub Kim,Jae-Yoon Sim,Hong-June Park 대한전자공학회 2020 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.9 No.5

A fully differential readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is proposed to enhance SNR by using a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) microphone pair. A differential clock is AC-coupled to the MEMS microphone pair as AC bias for chopper operation, while maintaining a high-voltage DC bias through high-resistance resistors for high sensitivity. The MEMS microphone pair connected to the fully differential ROIC amplifier with a demodulation chopper increased the measured SNRAW by 3.5~4.3dB compared to a single MEMS microphone with a chopper. The chopper operation applied to the pair of MEMS microphones reduced the measured audio band noise at the ROIC output by 14.8~16.5 times, compared to the no-chopper case. The fully differential ROIC consists of an amplifier, a demodulation chopper, a pair of resistor-capacitor low pass filters (RC-LPFs) and a unity-gain buffer. The ROIC implemented in a 0.35μm CMOS process takes a chip area of 2.5mm² and consumes 134μA at a supply voltage of 3.3V.

Design of a 128x128 ROIC Array for Development of Uncooled 2.6 μm-wavelength SWIR Imaging Camera

박민준,전지연,이상준,김현준 한국과학기술원 반도체설계교육센터 2024 IDEC Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems Vol.10 No.2

This paper details the development and extensive silicon-level verification of a 128 × 128 Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) tailored for uncooled Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) imaging cameras, which operate at a 2.6 μm wavelength. We conducted silicon-level verification of the developed ROIC, enabling a detailed analysis of various performance aspects. This evaluation will help us identify potential explore for further improvements, significantly advancing SWIR imaging camera systems. Our goal is to gain a deeper understanding of performance dynamics to enhance operational efficiency and image quality. The prototype ROIC was manufactured using a 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS process, featuring an effective pixel resolution of 128 (H) × 128 (V), specifically designed for InGaAs FPAs. The prototype consumes 42.25 mW of power and achieves a frame rate of 390 frames per second. The fabricated chip show that the Noise level is 72.65 μVrms and Pixel-FPN is 21 LSBrms.