영어 굴절의 변화와 수동문의 발달 연구

최병정 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.1

 Abstract A Study of the Inflectional Change and the Passive Construction in English Choi, Byung-Jung (Cheongju University) The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between inflectional change and the development of the passive construction in English. Most of PIE contains a set of verbal desinences called medio- passives, but no endings for the passive voice. So at that time, there was an active and a middle voice but no passive. The medio-passive inflectional category was used to express middle or passive in meaning. And this phenomenon continued to appear in early Old English period. The English passive was also developed from the medio-passive. Old English had a rather elaborate inflectional system, but much of this had withered away by Middle English. The disappearance of inflectional endings which could carry passive meaning indicated a search for a new device to express the passive notion such as be+PP. In this study, we dealt with the passive constructions such as dynamic passive and statal passive, and the indirect passive. In disagreement with Jespersen’s insistence, this study claims that the indirect passive construction already existed in Old English and it developed throughout the Middle English period. We tried to give an overview of the relationship between inflectional change and the development of the passive construction.

영어 부정사와 구조 동일성 원리에 대한 통시적 연구

최병정 한국영어학학회 2003 영어학연구 Vol.- No.16

Choi, Byung Jung. 2003. A Diachronic Study of the English Infinitive and its Isomorphism English Language and Linguistics 16, 189-210. In early Old English, the bare infinitive was used as subject or object, because it was a fully inflected verbal noun. But in time, the to-infinitive form began to spread widely through the iconic property of other forms, that is, a natural resemblance or analogy between forms. As the other nouns have determiners or adjectives immediately before them, so with the infinitive 'to' is put before them to fulfil its isomorphism (Jespersen (1909-45, 156), Fischer et aI. ed. (2000) pp.149-l63). Due to the declination of the inflection in late Old English and early Middle English, the nominal character of the infinitive began to lose its force; so to reinforce the nominal property preposition, 'for' began to appear before to; i.e. 'for to go is necessary'. This preposition 'for' is also used to keep its isomorphism in line with the original nominal property of the infinitive. In spite of efforts to keep the nominal iconicity of the infinitive, it began to take on a verbal character from the late Middle English period. In Modern English the infinitive is treated as being verbal. In verbal usage of the infinitive, there occurs a variety of meaning differences according as whether the to infinitive is used or the bare infinitive is used.

굴절의 상실과 어순변화 관계 연구

최병정 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 2007 人文科學論集 Vol.36 No.-

The principal difference between Old English and Modern English is the word oder. Old English nouns, pronouns, and adjectives had cases to be used according to word's function in the sentence. Whereas Modern English became a language with few inflectional distinctions as a result of the merging and losing of the case inflections. This reduction of inflection was responsible for a structural change in English, that is, the SOV word order of Old English which has a lots of case inflections changed into SVO word order of Modern English which has few or no inflections. Through the study of indirect passive construction and group possessive, we arrive at the conclusion that the demise of the case inflection is the main causes of word order change and grammar change of the language.

영어 Copula에 대한 연구

최병정 청주대학교 국제문제연구원 1987 國際文化硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Copula was originally used to connect subject with predicate. But in its historical development it had lost a good deal of its original concrete meaning. But in this paper, the auth or is going to, first, analyze and to examine the distribution of the copula, second, to demonstrate syntactic regularities of the copula. Copula is compulsorily used in the sentences which the empty NP is used in the subject position such as It or Existential There which occupies it. When 'to be' is used as a object complement, the optional deletion of 'to be' depends upon the preceding verb, that is, the verb in the higher sentence. Kiparsky observed that the raising rule (Raising to Subject or Raising to object) is closely connected with the feature of the main verbs. If the main verbs have the distinctive feature of factive, it does not triger raising, but if the main verbs have the distinctive feature of non-factive, they do triger raising of their subject or object in the lower sentences to their higher sentences. When the factive or non-factive verb is applied to the raising rule of its sentence, deletion of 'to be' is decided according to the feature of the main verb such as assertion, propositon, performative or stative. Gruber assumed that the factive verb is also closely connected with copula, especially, 'to be' in object complement. 1) a. We condescended to be known as the Fugs. b. (^*)We condescended to know them as the Fugs. 2) a. John thought Bill to be playing the piano. b. (^*)John thought Bill to go into the room. The sentences 1)b., 2)b. are ungrammatical sentences, because the main verbs of higher sentences are stative verbs. If 1)b, 2)b. should become grammatical sentences, non-stative verbs obligatorily follow after the stative verbs. Therefore we can understand that stative verbs are closely connected with copula 'to be'. In this paper, The author found that copula has considerable concrete force when it is added to the finite form of the main verb.

Experiment and Analysis of Circular Hollow Section Gap K-joints with Grade HSB 600 Steel

최병정,오영석,이명재,이은택,강철규 한국강구조학회 2012 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.12 No.4

Circular hollow steel sections are examples of members that are becoming increasingly popular. The demand of high strength with sufficient ductility for materials is increasing for design of long-span and high-rise structures. HSB 600 steel, High performance Steel for Bridge with minimum tensile yield strength, fy, of 480 N/mm2 for all thickness, was introduced in the Korea Building Code (KBC 2009, 2009). However, current design standards may not be applicable to circular hollow sections with HSB 600 steel since they have been established based on tests of steels with yield stress up to 355 MPa and a ductility ratio up to 0.8. Six full scale circular hollow section gap K-joints were tested and analyzed to investigate the applicability of current design standards. Two series using SHB600 and SS400 steel grades were tested. Three specimens in each series with various gaps between bracing members were evaluated. All chord members were 2,250 mm and brace members were 1,400 mm in length. All chord and brace members were 350mm in diameter and 12 mm in wall thickness. Based on the limited test and analysis results of this circular hollow section gap K-joint, the applicability to current standards, the possible elastic local buckling and gap effects of the different grades of steel are examined.

韻律에 의한 英語會話 敎育方法

崔秉政 淸州大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

In this thesis, I try to introduce the rhythmic impulse in learning everday conversational English. We usually can not notice the rhythmic feature in the language we learn. Because these features are additional and imaginational elements contained in the language. In English, the impression of rhythm is produced by the serial recurrence of more or less isochronous intervals marked off by stressed syllables. As the first step to realize the rhythmic impuse, the learner should begin to learn nursery rhymes, poems, and other strongly metrical material. These practice with strongly metrical material can reasonably be expected to familiarize the regular patterns of English observable in spontaneous native utterances. And in order to realize the rhythmic impulse in English the speaker must know not only which syllables to stress, and how to create the impression of prominence, how to organize and time the several rhythmic units of his utterance, and how to demarcate these temporal intervals, but also how to maintain the pulse once established. The features of isochronous also appears in Korean when we read Korean metrically. As Pike said, "English has stress timed-rhythm, on the other hand Korean has syllable timed rhythm." So we could recognize that Korean shows the features of evenly pronounced. In Korean, stress or pitch could not become the distinctive features of the. language. But the long vowel of Korean could be a prominence sound and these strong and weak sounds appear regularly. These regularity makes Korean a rhythmic language which is appeared in mostly dimeter or trimeter in its normal speech. Of course, we could use the teaching aids such as tape-recorder, radio, and other audio-visual devices in recognizing the rhythmic impulse. The ability to move smoothly from stress to stress is essential to recognize and produce the normal English speech rhythm. Thus in the end, he could speak English as the native speaker.

Axial Capacity of Circular Hollow Section T-joints using Grade HSB 600 Steel

최병정,이은택,양재근,강철규 한국강구조학회 2012 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.12 No.4

Because of their structural efficiency and aesthetic appeal, steel circular hollow sections have been used in the construction of a wide range of structures. As more high-rise and long span buildings are built, there has been an increase in demand for high strength steel with sufficient ductility. Steel of grade HSB (High performance Steel for Bridge) 600, with a minimum tensile yield stress (Fy) of 480 N/mm2 for all thicknesses, was introduced in the Korea Building Code (KBC 2009, 2009). However, current design standards may not be applicable to circular hollow sections with steel of grade HSB 600 since the current provisions were established based on tests of steels with a yield strength of up to 355 MPa and a yield ratio of up to 0.8. For joints with large deformation, the yield strength can be increased up to 460 MPa with a resistance factor of 0.9. This paper investigates the strength limits and various possible failure modes. Eight full scale circular hollow section T-joints were tested and analyzed to investigate the applicability of current design standards. Two test series depending on the grade of steel, i.e., SHB600 and SS400, with specimens in each series were tested with variations in the ratio of diameter to wall thickness of chord member (D/t) and vertical member (Dt/bt). All chord members were 3,000mm and vertical members were 1,950 mm in length. For chord members, 750 mm diameter with 12 mm and 26 mm wall thicknesses were used for the tests. For vertical members, 650 mm diameter with 12 mm and 40 mm wall thicknesses were used. The effects of the experimental parameters were evaluated for their applicability to current standards based on the limited test and analysis results of the circular hollow section T-joint.

An experiment on compressive profile of the unstiffened steel plate-concrete structures under compression loading

최병정,Han, Hong Soo 국제구조공학회 2009 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.9 No.6

This study intends to examine the characteristics of compressive behavior and conducts comparative analysis between normal compressive strength under existing equations (LRFD, ACI 318, EC 4) and experimental the maximum compressive strength from the compression experiment for the unstiffened steel plate-concrete structures. The six specimens were made to evaluate the constraining factor (ξ) and width ratio (β) effects subjected to the compressive monotonic loading. Based on this experiments, the following conclusions could be made: first, compressive behaviors of the specimens from the finite element analysis closely agreed with the ones from the actual experiments; second, the higher the width ratio (β) was, the lower the ductility index (DI) was; and third, the test results showed the maximum compressive strength with a margin by 7% compared to the existing codes.

Context와 意味의 構成에 대하여

崔秉政 한국현대영어영문학회 1981 현대영어영문학 Vol.20 No.1

엔지니어의 입장에서 살펴본 지진의 이해와 특성

최병정 한국강구조학회 2000 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.12 No.4