Assessing the use of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital as a clinical plaque assessment

Han, Sun-Young,Kim, Bo-Ra,Ko, Hae-Youn,Kwon, Ho-Keun,Kim, Baek-Il Elsevier 2016 PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY Vol.13 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The aims of this study were to compare the relationship between red fluorescent plaque (RF plaque) area by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) and disclosed plaque area by two-tone disclosure, and to assess the bacterial composition of the RF plaque by real time-PCR.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Fifty healthy subjects were included and 600 facial surfaces of their anterior teeth were examined. QLF-D was taken on two separate occasions (before and after disclosing), and the RF plaque area was calculated based on Plaque Percent Index (PPI). After disclosing, the stained plaque area was analyzed to investigate the relationship with the RF plaque area. The relationship was evaluated using Pearson correlation and paired <I>t</I>-test. Then, the RF and non-red fluorescent (non-RF) plaque samples were obtained from the same subject for real-time PCR test. Total 10 plaque samples were compared the ratio of the 6 of bacteria using Wilcoxon signed rank test.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Regarding the paired <I>t</I>-test, the blue-staining plaque area (9.3±9.2) showed significantly similarity with the RF plaque area (9.1±14.9, <I>p</I> =0.80) at Δ<I>R</I>20, however, the red-staining plaque area (31.6±20.9) presented difference from the RF plaque area (<I>p</I> <0.0001). In addition, bacterial composition of <I>Prevotella intermedia</I> and <I>Streptococcus anginosus</I> was associated with substantially more the RF plaque than the non-RF plaque (<I>p</I> <0.05).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The plaque assessment method using QLF-D has potential to detect mature plaque, and the plaque area was associated with the blue-staining area using two-tone disclosure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tested potential of QLF-D if it can use as old plaque assessment tool. </LI> <LI> Plaque area by QLF-D showed similarity with old plaque area by two-tone disclosure. </LI> <LI> Composition of <I>P. intermedia</I> and <I>S. anginosus</I> was associated with more RF plaque than non-RF plaque. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysis of Dental Plaque Removal Effect by Floss Type Using QLF-D

김명희,Park Yu Jin,황영선 한국치위생과학회 2022 치위생과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Background: The use of dental floss is associated with a reduction in dental caries and periodontal disease. According to personal preference, not only thread type but also C type and Y type floss are used. Although the effectiveness of dental floss for removing dental plaque has been proven, plaque removal effect of C type and Y type floss has not been well reported. In this study, the plaque removal effect of C type and Y type floss compared to thread type floss was experimentally verified.Methods: Thread type, C type and Y type floss were used to remove dental plaque. Ten people in each flossing group participated, and by applying dental floss to the 6 incisors of the maxilla and mandible, the degree of dental plaque was analyzed by QLF-D. To evaluate the removal degree of dental plaque before and after flossing, Simple Plaque Score (SPS), Area R30, Area R70, and Area R120 score were measured. Results: In the analysis using the Area R30 fluorescence score of the QLF-D system, the degree of plaque removal according to the application of dental floss was effective in all the thread type (p=0.018), C-type (p=0.012), and Y-type (p=0.012) floss groups compared to before the application of the floss. Among them, C type floss was more effective in removing plaque than thread type and Y type floss. However, the plaque removal effect between the three floss types was not significantly different in ∆SPS (p=0.674), ∆Area R30 (p=0.726), ∆Area R70 (p=0.504), and ∆Area R120 scores (p=0.423). Conclusion: Thread type, C type, and Y type floss were all effective in removing dental plaque, but there was no significant difference in dental plaque removal effect according to the type of floss

Cardiac CT angiography를 이용한 coronary artery plaque의 형태학적인 분류

최재성(Jae Sung Choi),김성옥(Seang Ok Kim),이종호(Jong Ho Lee),최남길(Nam Kil Choi),정문택(Moon Taek Jeong) 대한CT영상기술학회 2007 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose In order to assess the plaque of the morphology in the coronary artery, the shape of the plaque needs to be analaysed through intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) techniques with cardiac CT angiography(CTA) Materials and methods 57 coronary plaque in 34 patients were included in this study. All patients underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) after CT-CAG, for suspicious acute coronary syndrome. CT-CAG obtained by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography(CT) scanner (Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany). IVUS obtained by 20MHz (Volcano Therapeutics Inc., Rancho Cordova, California, USA) or 40MHz (Boston Scientific, Maple Grove, Minnesota, USA) ultrasound catheter, under fluoroscopy guidance. Plaque morphology on IVUS was classified as (1) soft, (2) fibrous, (3) Mixed(fibrocalcific, fibrofatty), or (4) calcific, according to American College of Cardiology report on standards for IVUS acquisition, measurement and reporting, by experienced one cardiologist. And on CT, morphology was assessed by mean Hounsfield unit of coronary plaque by one radiologist. Results 57 coronary plaque were analyzed. Plaque morphology by IVUS were as follows; soft plaque (n=18), fibrous plaque (n=6), Mixed(fibrocalcific, fibrofatty) plaque (n=18) and calcific plaque (n=15). Hounsfield unit of coronary plaque obtained from CT angiography were quietly different for each plaque morphology, determined by IVUS. Mean Hounsfield unit for each plaque as follows: soft plaque is 51.0±52.8, fibrous plaque is 106.3±62.3, fibrocalcific plaque is 316.4±202.8, and calcific plaque is 520.8±185.6(p<0.01). To determine plaque morphology as calcified (calcific, fibrocalcific) versus noncalcified (soft, fibrous), CT angiography had sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion Because, the level of plaques is different in the degree of the risk it is important to classify plaques according to the form. If we classify the levels of plaques according to the Hounsfield Unit, which follows in the level of plaques, it will be useful for the following check up and interventional treatment.

Serial Changes of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Assessment with 64-Slice Multi-Detector Computed Tomography

김은영,강두경,선주성,최소연 대한영상의학회 2013 대한영상의학회지 Vol.69 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaque during follow-up, and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six atherosclerotic patients with plaque were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patient’s plaque was detected on repeat 64-slice multidetector CT scans with a mean interval of 25 ± 10 months changes in calcified and non-calcified plaque volumes and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over time. Absolute and relative changes in plaque volume were compared, and the association between rapid progression and cardiovascular risk factors was determined. Results: Diameter of the stenosis, length, calcified and non-calcified lesion plaque volumes increased significantly on follow-up CT. Absolute and relative annual changes in plaque volumes were significantly greater in non-calcified plaque (median, 22.7 mm3, 90.4%) than in calcified plaque (median, 0.7 mm3, 0%). Obesity, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and low high-density lipoprotein were significant predictors of progression of non-calcified plaque. Progression of calcified plaque was not associated with any cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Coronary plaque volume increased significantly on follow-up CT. The rate of progression is related to non-calcified plaque than to calcified plaque. Cardiovascular risk factors are independently associated with the rapid progression of non-calcified plaque volume, but not associated with the progression of calcified plaque.

Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase의 추가가 구강세정액의 치태 억제 효과에 미치는 영향

서은주,정현주,김옥수,김영준,김상혁,Seo, Eun-Ju,Chung, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Ok-Su,Kim, Young-Jun,Kim, Sang-Heuk 대한치주과학회 2004 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.34 No.1

A novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has been suggested as a promising anti-plaque agent because it has been shown to have additional amylase activity and mutanase activity besides dextranase activity and to strongly bind to hydroxyapatite. Mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase solution was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were less frequent and less intense in human experimental gingivitis. In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase mouthrinses (1 and 2 unit/ml) were compared with a control mouthrinse (commercial 0.01% benzethonium chloride mouthrinse, $Caregargle^{(R)}$, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals) in the ability to inhibit plaque formation. A 3-replicate clinical trial using 4-day plaque regrowth model was used. Fifteen volunteers were rendered plaque-free on the 1st day of each study period, ceased toothcleansing, and rinsed 2X daily with allocated mouthrinse thereafter. On day 5, plaque accumulation was scored and the washout periods was 9 days for the next trial. Lipomyces starkeyi KSM22 glucanhydrolase(1 unit and 2 unit)- containing mouthrinse resulted in Significantly lower plaque formation in plaque area and thickness, compared to the control mouthrinse. There was no significant difference in plaque inhibition between enzyme-mouthrinses at 2 different concentrations used. This glucanhydrolase- containing mouthwash resulted in significantly lower plaque area severity index score and tended to have lower plaque thickness severity index score than those of control mouthrinse. But there was no significant difference according to the enzyme concentration. From these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase-containing benzethonium chloride mouthrinse has greater anti-plaque effect than the commercial mouthrinse alone. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is a promising agent for new mouthwash formulation in the near future.

Quantitative measurement of lipid rich plaque by coronary computed tomography angiography: A correlation of histology in sudden cardiac death

Han, Donghee,Torii, Sho,Yahagi, Kazuyuki,Lin, Fay Y.,Lee, Ji Hyun,Rizvi, Asim,Gransar, Heidi,Park, Mahn-Won,Roudsari, Hadi Mirhedayati,Stuijfzand, Wijnand J.,Baskaran, Lohendran,ó,Hartaigh, Br&i Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co 2018 Atherosclerosis Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and aims</B></P> <P>Recent advancements in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have allowed for the quantitative measurement of high-risk lipid rich plaque. Determination of the optimal threshold for Hounsfield units (HU) by CCTA for identifying lipid rich plaque remains unknown. We aimed to validate reliable cut-points of HU for quantitative assessment of lipid rich plaque.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>8 post-mortem sudden coronary death hearts were evaluated with CCTA and histologic analysis. Quantitative plaque analysis was performed in histopathology images and lipid rich plaque area was defined as intra-plaque necrotic core area. CCTA images were analyzed for quantitative plaque measurement. Low attenuation plaque (LAP) was defined as any pixel < 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 HU cut-offs within a coronary plaque. The area of LAP was calculated in each cross-section.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Among 105 cross-sections<B>,</B> 37 (35.2%) cross-sectional histology images contained lipid rich plaque. Although the highest specificity for identifying lipid rich plaque was shown with <30 HU cut-off (88.2%), sensitivity (e.g. 55.6% for <75 HU, 16.2% for <30 HU) and negative predictive value (e.g. 75.9% for <75 HU, 65.9% for <30 HU) tended to increase with higher HU cut-offs. For quantitative measurement, <75 HU showed the highest correlation coefficient (0.292, <I>p</I> = 0.003) and no significant differences were observed between lipid rich plaque area and LAP area between histology and CT analysis (Histology: 0.34 ± 0.73 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, QCT: 0.37 ± 0.71 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I> = 0.701).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>LAP area by CCTA using a <75 HU cut-off value demonstrated high sensitivity and quantitative agreement with lipid rich plaque area by histology analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lipid rich plaques are related to future risk of acute coronary syndrome. </LI> <LI> Quantitative coronary plaque (QCT) analysis enables to quantify lipid rich plaques. </LI> <LI> 75 HU is a reliable cut-off for quantification of lipid rich plaque in QCT analysis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Comparing Chewable and Manual Toothbrushes for Reducing Dental Plaque: A Pilot Study

( Moon-jin Jeong ),( Hye-sun Shin ),( Soon-jeong Jeong ),( Do-seon Lim ) 한국치위생과학회 2017 치위생과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of chewable toothbrush and manual toothbrush and provide basic data for recommendation of the chewable toothbrush in specific groups and situations. A total of 20 subjects participated in this study (rolling method, 10; non-rolling method, 10). After professional prophylaxis, participants used the manual toothbrush to brush their teeth for 3 minutes. After a 7-day wash-out period, participants used the chewable toothbrush according to the manufacturer`s instructions. Pre- and post-plaque indexing of the teeth was performed. The dental plaque index was assessed using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for amount of plaque and Silness-Loe Plaque Index (SLPI) for plaque thickness. The difference between pre- and post-dental plaque index was analyzed using a paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Mann-Whitney U test was also used to compare the dental plaque index reduction rates. The dental plaque index differed significantly between the chewable toothbrush and the manual toothbrush. The TMQHPI reduction rate was significantly different between the rolling and non-rolling method groups for the manual toothbrush but not the chewable toothbrush. The difference in SLPI reduction rate between the rolling and non-rolling method groups was significant for the manual toothbrush but not for the chewable toothbrush. Differences in the dental plaque index reduction rates between the chewable and manual toothbrushes were not significant in the non-rolling method group. The results of this study showed higher reduction rates in dental plaque with manual toothbrush use than with chewable toothbrush use. However, the non-rolling method group did not show statistically significant differences according to toothbrush type. The present study showed that a chewable toothbrush can be an alternative to a manual toothbrush for individuals who have difficulty using the generally recommended rolling method.

풍선확장술 직후 시간경과에 따른 혈관의 변화 : Intravascular Ultrasound Balloon Catheter

김동수,장양수,권혁문,홍범기,김현승 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2

Changes in the oral environment during four stages of orthodontic treatment

Lara-Carrillo Edith,Norma Margarita Montiel-Bastida,Sa'nchez-Pe'rez Leonor,Alani's-Tavira Jorge 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Objective: To identify clinical, salivary, and bacterial changes during orthodontic treatment with follow-up to 24 months. Methods: In 30 patients, clinical (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [DMFS], O'Leary's plaque index, and plaque pH), salivary (unstimulated and stimulated saliva, buffer capacity, pH, and occult blood), and bacterial (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus) markers were evaluated. A questionnaire was employed to evaluate their hygienic-dietary habits. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, logistic regression and Spearman?s correlation. Results: DMFS increased significantly, whereas the plaque index diminished, plaque pH was more acidic (p = 0.23), and unstimulated salivary flow showed significant differences during the treatment (p = 0.013). Stimulated saliva flow increased in females after the placement of appliances; buffer capacity was diminished in males during the therapy; salivary pH remained at basal values. Bacterial levels and occult blood increased to high-risk levels and were not statistically significant different between genders (p > 0.05). Two major relationships were confirmed: initial plaque with use of dental aids (r = 0.429; p = 0.018) and final DMFS with unstimulated salivary flow (r = -0.372; p = 0.043). Conclusions: The increase in retentive surfaces increased the bacterial levels, plaque pH became acidified, and gingival damage was greater. Buffer capacity was altered but maintained a healthy salivary pH during the treatment. 교정치료 중 구강 내 환경 변화를 파악하기 위하여 교정치료 시작 후 24개월까지의 임상적 구강위생지수 및 타액, 구강 내 미생물의 변화양상을 평가하였다. 30명의 환자를 대상으로 하여, 임상적 구강위생지수(DMFS [decayed, missing and filled surfaces], O'Leary's plaque index, plaque pH), 타액의 변화(비자극/자극시의 타액량, 완충능(buffer capacity), pH, 잠혈(occult blood)류량, 구강 내 미생물(Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus) 변화를 파악하였다. 추가적으로 설문지를 이용하여 구강위생관리 및 식습관을 평가하였다. 분산분석, 회귀분석 및 Spearman의 상관분석을 통해 데이터를 분석하였다. 교정치료 도중 DMFS 값은 유의성있게 증가한 반면, plaque index는 감소하였고, plaque pH는 산성을 나타내었다 (p = 0.23). 비자극 시 타액량은 치료 중 유의성있게 변화하였으며 (p = 0.13), 자극 시의 타액량은 여성에서 장치 부착 이후 증가하는 양상을 보였다. Buffer capacity는 남성에서 치료 도중 감소되었으며, 타액의 pH는 유지되었다. 구강 내 미생물 및 잠혈류량은 고위험 수준까지 증가하였으며 성별의 차이는 나타나지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 치료 전 plaque와 구강위생용품의 사용 (r = 0.429; p = 0.018), 최종 DMFS와 비자극 시의 타액량 (r = -0.372; p = 0.043) 간에 뚜렷한 상관관계가 확인되었다. 교정장치의 부착으로 인해 구강 내 미생물은 증가하고, plaque pH는 산성화되어 치주조직의 손상이 일어나게 되었다. 또한 Buffer capacity는 변하지만, 치료 기간중의 타액의 pH는 유지되었다.

주기적 전문구강건강관리에 의한 치면세균막 관리능력 변화

조부덕 ( Boo Deok Jo ),김동기 ( Dong Kie Kim ),이병진 ( Byoung Jin Lee ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2015 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of a regular professional oral health care program and the accompanying oral health education. Methods: We included 552 patients who visited the C dental hospital more than 5 times as part of a regular professional oral health care program from January 2009 to March 2014. This program comprised of an O’Leary plaque control record, tooth brushing instructions, professional tooth brushing, professional tooth cleaning, periodontal or operative treatment (optional), and education on auxiliary devices. The O’Leary plaque control record was evaluated at the fifth consecutive visit, from the first visit to the recent visit. Results: The study data revealed that patient plaque control rate significantly increased with a lapse in care provided from the baseline. However, no intergroup differences were observed with respect to age and sex. The plaque controlling ability of a patient who was educated on the Watanabe’s brushing method, which was a combination of the Watanabe’s brushing method and rolling method, was significantly increased. Use of an interdental brush, attending the 5-time tooth brushing instruction program, and tooth polishing aided to enhance the plaque-control rate. Further, the plaque control rate of a patient with a pontic, fully covered tooth and implant was significantly higher than those without the same. The Watanabe’s brushing method, number of fully covered teeth, and number of implants were significant variables that impacted the final plaque control rate, as ascertained using multiple linear regression analysis. Increased plaque control rate was maintained till the recent evaluation from the fifth visit. Conclusions: The ability of patients to reduce plaque formation was improved after the educational program, which comprised of tooth brushing instructions as part of a regular professional oral health care program.