Klebsiella sp. DA71-1/pLYJ의 난용성 인산염 가용화 특성

류아름,이진우,이용석,이상철,정수열,최용락,Ryu, Ah-Reum,Lee, Jin-Woo,Lee, Yong-Seok,Lee, Sang-Cheol,Chung, Soo-Yeol,Choi, Yong-Lark 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

To develop high efficiency biofertilizer solubilizing insoluble phosphates, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was isolated from Staphylococcus sp. LJ2. Genetic constructions were carried out using the pGEM-T-easy vector and pHSG398. Recombinant DNA plasmids containing the ldh gene were transferred to Klebsiella sp. DA71-1 by electroporation. The selected transformant was named as a DA71-1/pLYJ. The insoluble phosphates solubilization activity of DA71-1/pLYJ was higher than that of DA71-1 at various culture conditions. Glucose was the best carbon source for insoluble phosphates solubilization among the used carbon sources. Maximal insoluble phosphates solubilizing was found in sucrose minimal (SM) medium containing 3% glucose. The solubilizing activity of DA71-1/pLYJ against three types of insoluble phosphates, such as tri-calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, aluminium phosphate, were quantitatively determined. The optimal temperature and initial pH to solubilize insoluble phosphates in the SM medium was $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively. 친환경형 미생물제제의 난용성 인산염 가용화능의 향상을 위하여 Staphylococcus sp. LJ2로부터 분리된 ldh gene을 Klebsiella sp. DA71-1에 도입하였고, 이를 DA71-1/pLYJ라고 명명하였다. 배지에 glucose를 3% 첨가했을 때 다른 탄소원을 첨가했을 때보다 DA71-1/pLYJ 균주의 난용성 인산염 가용화능이 월등히 우수하였다. 각기 다른 난용성 인산염 tri-calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, 그리고 aluminium phosphate에 대하여 그 가용화능이 DA71-1 균주보다 적게는 1.2배, 많게는 2.3배 이상 향상된 결과를 보였다. 그리고 DA71-1/pLYJ 균주는 DA71-1 균주에 비해 배양 온도에 비교적 관계없이 높은 인산가용화능을 나타낸 것이 특징적이었고, 배양초기 pH가 5.0일 때 그 능력이 가장 뛰어났다. 이러한 모든 결과들을 종합해볼 때 DA71-1/pLYJ 균주는 여러면에서 DA71-1 균주보다 난용성 인산염 가용화능이 월등히 뛰어나며 따라서 효율적이고 친환경적인 미생물제제의 개발에 큰 역할을 할 수 있는 발판을 마련했다 할 수 있다.

Studies on the precipitation behavior of calcium phosphate solutions

S. Recillas,V. Rodríguez-Lugo,M. L. Montero,S.Viquez-Cano,L. Hernandez,V.M. Castaño 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.1

The chemical equilibrium of phosphate aqueous solutions is discussed. To obtain the concentration of the species in solution as a function of pH, we used an acid-base equilibria system, complex formation equilibria, and balance mass equations; and to resolve the non-linear equation system we used a computer program PV-WAVE with ZEROSYS subroutine function. It will be demonstrated that the chemical composition of the calcium phosphate precipitate depends decisively on the species concentration in solution. Also, the pH and the reaction conditions for the selective precipitation of hydroxyapatite are critical. A small variation of these conditions allows either the coprecipitation of other phosphates or no precipitation at all. The solubility variation of the phosphates as a function of the solution ionic force is also discussed. Finally, proper reaction conditions are proposed for hydroxyapatite growth starting from saturated solutions of calcium phosphates. The chemical equilibrium of phosphate aqueous solutions is discussed. To obtain the concentration of the species in solution as a function of pH, we used an acid-base equilibria system, complex formation equilibria, and balance mass equations; and to resolve the non-linear equation system we used a computer program PV-WAVE with ZEROSYS subroutine function. It will be demonstrated that the chemical composition of the calcium phosphate precipitate depends decisively on the species concentration in solution. Also, the pH and the reaction conditions for the selective precipitation of hydroxyapatite are critical. A small variation of these conditions allows either the coprecipitation of other phosphates or no precipitation at all. The solubility variation of the phosphates as a function of the solution ionic force is also discussed. Finally, proper reaction conditions are proposed for hydroxyapatite growth starting from saturated solutions of calcium phosphates.

Effects of education on low-phosphate diet and phosphate binder intake to control serum phosphate among maintenance hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial

( Eunsoo Lim ),( Sunah Hyun ),( Jae Myeong Lee ),( Seirhan Kim ),( Min-jeong Lee ),( Sun-mi Lee ),( Ye-sung Oh ),( Inwhee Park ),( Gyu-tae Shin ),( Heungsoo Kim ),( Donald E. Morisky ),( Jong Cheol Je 대한신장학회 2018 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.37 No.1

Background: For phosphate control, patient education is essential due to the limited clearance of phosphate by dialysis. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials about dietary and phosphate binder education have been scarce. Methods: We enrolled maintenance hemodialysis patients and randomized them into an education group (n = 48) or a control group (n = 22). We assessed the patients’ drug compliance and their knowledge about the phosphate binder using a questionnaire. Results: The primary goal was to increase the number of patients who reached a calcium-phosphorus product of lower than 55. In the education group, 36 (75.0%) patients achieved the primary goal, as compared with 16 (72.7%) in the control group (P = 0.430). The education increased the proportion of patients who properly took the phosphate binder (22.9% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.087), but not to statistical significance. Education did not affect the amount of dietary phosphate intake per body weight (education vs. control: -1.18 ± 3.54 vs. -0.88 ± 2.04 mg/kg, P = 0.851). However, the dietary phosphate-to-protein ratio tended to be lower in the education group (-0.64 ± 2.04 vs. 0.65 ± 3.55, P = 0.193). The education on phosphate restriction affected neither the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score (0.17 ± 4.58 vs. -0.86 ± 3.86, P = 0.363) nor the level of dietary protein intake (-0.03 ± 0.33 vs. -0.09 ± 0.18, P = 0.569). Conclusion: Education did not affect the calcium-phosphate product. Education on the proper timing of phosphate binder intake and the dietary phosphate-to-protein ratio showed marginal efficacy.

Studies on obtaining of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum

Kinga Łuczka,Barbara Grzmil,Beata Michalkiewicz,Krzysztof Kowalczyk 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Studies on obtaining of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum were implemented. Reagent grade substrates (NH4)2HPO4, CaCO3, (NH4)6Mo7O244H2O, aqueous ammonia, and amorphous Al(OH)3 were prepared and used in the experiments. An influence of process parameters, i.e. reaction time (60 30 min) and total salt concentration (50 10 wt%) on the phase composition and product properties was determined. Statistical software STATISTICA 10 for planning and evaluation of the experiments was used. Based on the statistical evaluation of planned research by the plan fractional factorial design at three levels 3(kp), process parameters allowing to obtain the material of with expected physicochemical properties were determined. The content of aluminium, calcium and molybdenum in the products was determined using ICP-AES technique. The phosphates and ammonium content was determined by means of a spectrophotometric method and ion selective electrode Orion 11–35 type, respectively. The phase composition of the obtained materials was studied using XRD analysis. The specific surface area was calculated using the BET method and the particle size was determined by LSM. The Tafel experiments for an uncoated mild steel (immersed in an aqueous phosphate extract in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution) were performed. The steel corrosion products as well as tested phosphates were examined by means of scanning electron microscope with a cold field emission coupled with the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The content of the individual components was in the range of 10.52–16.33 wt% (Al), 10.59– 18.54 wt% (Ca), 0.59–5.28 wt% (Mo), 0.1–4.91 wt% (NH3), and 6.97–23.4 wt% (P2O5). The products were characterized by different physicochemical parameters. The surface area was in the range from 6 to 63 m2/g and the oil absorption was 36–71 g of oil/100 g of product, whereas the average particle size of products reached 221–319 nm. The Tafel tests revealed markedly higher anticorrosive properties of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium, molybdenum in comparison to commercial aluminium phosphate and zinc phosphate.

소금과 인산염 첨가에 따른 산란노계육의 단백질 추출성, Thiobarbituric Acid 및 Volatile Basic Nitrogen의 변화

박구부,이정일,신택순,진상근,문점동 한국가금학회 1994 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of varied levels of NaCI and phosphates to the breast meat of spent layers(2 \pm 0.2 kg), which were stabilized for over 24 h before slaughter, on the protein extractability, thiobarbituric acid(TBA) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN). Within 1 h after slaughter, breast meat was removed and treated with NaCI(0, 1, 2, 3%) and phosphates(0.25% and 0.5%) using a hot-salted method. The breast meat samples were stored at 4\pm$1^{\circ}C$ for 3 d. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Soluble protein contents of salt-treated groups were significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05) and showed a positive relationship with the levels of salt. At a constant level of NaCI, the soluble protein content was proportionately elevated by the levels of phosphates (P<0.05). It decreased significantly in both control and salt-treated groups during storage (P<0.05). 2. TBA values of salt-treated groups were significantly higher than that of control(P<0.05) and showed a positive relationship with the levels of salt. At a constant level of NaCI, TBA values in 0.5% phosphates treatment groups were significantly lower than that in 0.25%(P<0.05). It increased significantly in both control and salt-treated groups during storage(P<0.05). 3. VBN values of salt-treated groups were significantly lower than that of control(P<0.05) They increased significantly by the salt treatment for the first day of storage(P<0.05), but not from the second day of storage. VBN values in both control and salt-treated groups were significantly increased during storage(P<0.05). After the first day of storage and at the same level of NaCI, no significant difference in VBN value was observed between the two levels of phosphates.

Analysis of ceramide metabolites in differentiating epidermal keratinocytes treated with calcium or vitamin C

Juyoung Kim,Hyejeong Yun,Yunhi Cho 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.5

Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as C₁₈ sphingosine (SO) and C₁₈ sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to C₁₈ So-1-phosphate (S1P) and C₁₈ Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca²⁺) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca²⁺ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 μL/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca²⁺, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca²⁺. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and 1.2-mM Ca²⁺-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.

Analysis of ceramide metabolites in differentiating epidermal keratinocytes treated with calcium or vitamin C

Kim, Ju-Young,Yun, Hye-Jeong,Cho, Yun-Hi The Korean Nutrition Society 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as $C_{18}$ sphingosine (SO) and $C_{18}$ sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to $C_{18}$ So-1-phosphate (S1P) and $C_{18}$ Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 ${\mu}L$/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca$^{2+}$, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and l.2-mM Ca$^{2+}$-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.

2,3-Butanediol dehydration catalyzed by silica-supported sodium phosphates

Kim, W.,Shin, W.,Lee, K.J.,Song, H.,Kim, H.S.,Seung, D.,Filimonov, I.N. Elsevier 2016 Applied Catalysis A Vol.511 No.-

<P>Catalytic gas phase dehydration of 2,3 butanediol (BDO) was studied in the fixed bed reactor over silica-supported sodium phosphates for a wide range of Na/P ratios (Na/P = 0-3) and variable content of phosphates. Major products were 1,3-butadiene (BD) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) for long contact times. 3-Buten-2-ol (3B2OL) and MEK are major products for the short contact times. Achieved yields of elimination products (BD + 3B2OL) were over 60% per pass at Na/P = 1.8-1.9 which is the optimum combination of acidic and basic components for the long term production of BD or 3B2OL from BDO. Minor products detected at short contact times (2,3-epoxybutane, 2,3-butanedione and acetoin) imply that hydrogen transfer and dehydrative epoxidation are minor pathways. Mass transport limitations are more apparent for BDO -> 3B2OL -> BD route (elimination) than for BDO MEK route (rearrangement). This leads to the lower selectivity of elimination products at long contact time and/or insufficient flow rate of the carrier gas. 2-butanol dehydration using the same catalysts shows considerable selectivity to 1-butene (1-BT) providing evidence for Eta elimination mechanism that requires concerted action of acid-base pairs. NH3 and CO2 TPD studies confirmed existence of weak acid and basic sites for the sodium phosphates supported on silica. High affinity adsorption of pyridine (Py) and benzoic acid (BA) shows maximum of acid/base ratio at Na/P similar to 1.5-2. According to XRD and P-31 MAS NMR data the catalysts providing the best performance are composed of pyrophosphates and tripolyphosphates finely dispersed on the surface of silica. XPS shows considerable migration of surface sodium cations into the bulk when Na/P ratio exceeds 1.4. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Obtaining a fused PLA-calcium phosphate-tobramycin-based filament for 3D printing with potential antimicrobial application

Lopera Alex A.,Bezzon Vinicius D. N.,Ospina Victoria,Higuita-Castro Jorge L.,Ramirez Francisco J.,Ferraz Humberto G.,Orlando Marcos T. A.,Paucar Carlos G.,Robledo Sara M.,Garcia Claudia P. 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.1

Many efforts in the tissue engineering field have been devoted to producing biomedical devices with several physico-chemical properties that could promote an increase in the quality of therapeutic treatments. Thus, 3D printing is an efficient method which facilitates manufacturing high quality products to be used as medical devices. However, high-performance materials are required for obtaining products that are able to be 3D printed to attend the biomedical concerns. In this work, fused PLA-calcium phosphate-tobramycin-based filaments with antimicrobial properties were produced. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis were performed to characterize the pure compounds as well as the composite filaments, revealing that the drug is preserved into the filaments by the implemented methodology, even after the hot extrusion procedure. The filaments and the printed pieces presented great antimicrobial effect and a controlled-release profile was also observed by the drug-release assays for the filaments produced, thereby indicating this material as a promising candidate to be used for implantable medical devices in the future.

Spatially confined cobalt nanoparticles on zirconium phosphate-modified KIT-6 for an enhanced stability of CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons

Cho, Jae Min,Kasipandi, Saravanan,Park, Yong Min,Bae, Jong Wook Elsevier 2019 Fuel Vol.239 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The positive effects of zirconium phosphate (ZrP)-modified highly ordered mesoporous KIT-6 support for an insignificant aggregation of the supported cobalt nanoparticles (CoZrP/KIT-6) were investigated by CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. The roles of the newly formed ZrP phases on the KIT-6 were mainly explained in terms of metal dispersion with its modulated metal-support interaction as well as suppressed coke formations. The mesoporous KIT-6 surfaces modified with partial ZrP nanoparticles at an optimum molar ratio of P/Zr = 0.2 significantly enhanced the catalytic stability with a higher C<SUB>5+</SUB> selectivity through the preferential formations of the spatial confined cobalt nanoparticles in the matrices of the well-dispersed ZrP nanoparticles on the mesoporous KIT-6 surfaces. The superior catalytic activity and stability were mainly attributed to the inhibited aggregations of the intimately interacted cobalt nanoparticles in the ZrP matrices due to a preferential presence of the highly dispersed and thermally stable hydrophobic ZrP phases. This was also responsible for the less formation of coke precursors such as cobalt carbides or heavy wax hydrocarbons. However, the different types of coke precursors on the used CoZrP/KIT-6 largely altered the catalytic stability and activity with the simultaneous aggregations of cobalt nanoparticles by forming the abundant heavy hydrocarbons on the unstable CoZrP(2)/KIT-6 prepared at a higher P/Zr ratio of 2 as well as by forming the inactive coke-derived cobalt carbides on the unmodified CoZrP(0)/KIT-6 and Co/KIT-6 under the reductive FTS reaction condition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Positive effects of zirconium phosphate (ZrP)-modified KIT-6 were investigated by CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. </LI> <LI> Enhanced stability was originated from spatial confined cobalt nanoparticles in the thermally stable ZrP matrices. </LI> <LI> Highly dispersed and thermally stable hydrophobic ZrP phases are responsible for a less coke formation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>