도로교통소음이 도시환경에 미치는 영향

김민호(Min Ho Kim) 한국지역지리학회 2013 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

인간이 원치 않는 소리로 정의되는 소음은 크게 직장소음과 환경소음으로 구분될 수 있다. 직장소음은 산업활동이 이루어지는 작업장 내에서 주로 발생하나, 환경소음은 교통, 건설현장, 심지어 이웃에 의해 발생한다. 도로교통 소음은 환경소음을 배출하는 주요한 요인으로 인식되고 있고 도시지역에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이를 고려하여, 본 연구는 미국 조지아주의 풀턴 카운티를 대상으로 토지이용별 도로교통소음의 영향을 분석하였 다. 이를 위해 미국 연방 도로관리국의 소음전파모델인 교통소음모델(Traffic Noise Model)에 기반한 주·야간 소음지 도를 제작하였다. 연구지역의 도로교통소음의 정도를 파악하기 위해 3단계로 구성된 토지피복 유형 자료에 각 소음지 도를 중첩하여 각 토지피복 유형별 소음도를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 연구지역 내 많은 필지와 건물이 허용치를 초과하는 소음에 노출된 것을 확인하였다. 특히 도로교통소음의 영향을 많이 받는 주거지역의 소음도를 줄이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. Noise is defined to be unwanted (or undesirable) sounds, and it can be sub divided into occupational and environmental noises. The occupational noise is largely emitted from workplaces, but the environmental noise is produced from various sources such as transportation, construction, and even neighborhood. Transportation, particularly road vehicles, has been recognized to play a major role in emitting environmental noise and having adverse effects on urban communities. Considering this issue, this research investigated how severe the impacts of road traffic noise on a variety of land uses in a highly urbanized area, Fulton County, Georgia, United States. Daytime and nighttime road traffic noise maps were derived with Traffic Noise Model that was developed by Federal Highway Administration at United States Department of Transportation. Individual noise maps were overlaid on three-tiered land use type maps in order to evaluate the magnitude of noise impacts on the study area, as a noise exposure assessment. This study found that many land use parcels and buildings were exposed to noise levels exceeding the guideline values of the World Health Organization and the Atlanta Code of Ordinance. Therefore, it would be required to take an action that can protect many urban residents from ill effects of road traffic noise.

소방대원 소음 노출 예방을 위한 고출력 지향성 사이렌의 적용성 평가

박제섭(Je-Seop Park),한동훈(Dong-Hun Han) 국립소방연구원 2021 소방안전연구 Vol.2 No.1

소방대원은 현장 활동 과정에서 노출되는 다양하고 높은 소음으로 인해 소음성 난청 등 청력 질환자 비율이 높다. 최근 소방차용 사이렌의 상한 음압 기준이 상향됨에 따라 소방대원은 더 높은 소음에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 고출력 지향성 사이렌은 전방으로의 소음 전파량을 증가시키기 위해 전파 각도를 줄인 형태로 소리가 퍼지지 않고 일정 각도로 집중된다. 본 사이렌을 소방차에 적용한 결과, 전방 지향 성능 및 소음 강도가 기존 사이렌 대비 증가하였으나, 오히려 차량 내부의 소음 강도는 소음 노출 기준치 이하로 측정되었다. 향후 고출력 지향성 사이렌을 다양한 소방차에 확대 적용하면 전방 안전사고 예방뿐만 아니라 탑승한 소방대원의 소음 노출 예방에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. Firefighters are exposed to strong noise during various firefighting activities. Hence, the proportion of people with noise-related diseases is high. As the performance standards for fire engine sirens have recently been strengthened, they are likely to be exposed to higher noise levels. To prevent noise exposure, a new firefighting acoustic hailing device (AHD) siren with directional characteristics was manufactured. We analyzed the effect of preventing noise exposure through the application of this siren to fire engines. With the application of a new AHD siren, frontal directivity and noise intensity were higher than those of the existing siren, but when the new AHD siren was applied, the level of noise exposure inside the vehicle was rather lower than before. In conclusion, the noise exposure prevention performance of the new AHD siren was confirmed, and further study such as performance evaluation is required.

군용항공기 소음평가 단위에 관한 연구

이준호(Lee, Jun-Ho) 한국소음진동공학회 2005 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.5

Korean 'Law of Aviation' and 'Test Method of Measuring Noise and Vibration' designate to use WECPNL metric based on $L_{max}$ measurement for the accessment of aircraft noise in Korea. However, time duration of noise event can not be considered in $L_{max}$ metric in principle, compensation on the duration has been utilized. A study was done recently to evaluate appropriate duration compensation for the accessment of military aircraft noise under current metric of WECPNL and $L_{max}$. This study was carried out to evaluate what metric is the most appropriate to express aircraft noise including time duration of single noise event, computing and comparing noise exposure with 1 second noise measurement data of military aircraft in $L_{max}$, $L_{Aeq,\;T}$ and SEL. This study shows SEL is the most appropriate noise metric for the evaluation of noise exposure with time duration such as aircraft noise without compensation. It is suggested to use SEL noise metric instead of $L_{max}$ noise metric with duration compensation for the aircraft noise accessment either military aircraft or civilian aircraft.

도화원도와 수치지도를 이용한 소음지도의 초과소음노출 면적 및 인구에 대한 비교 분석

연정흠(Yeon, Jung-Hum),이병찬(Lee, Byung-Chan) 한국소음진동공학회 2012 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

This paper presents differences of road traffic noise maps were generated by using the draft map and two digital maps with different versions. As a first step, the calculation of the areas of excessive noise exposure was made for the draft map and each digital map version. Subsequently, the areas of excessive noise exposure were compared so as to determine how different from each other. Then, comparison of the populations exposed to excessive noise was also conducted in the same way. It was found that the most accurate noise map was obtained when using the combination of the draft map containing all attribute information and the digital map Ver 2.0. This result indicates that more information on the height and the number of floors of the individual building is required in order to obtain more accurate population exposed to excessive noise, thus creating a more accurate noise map.

교통소음의 노출시간에 따른 주관반응 평가시 음원 및 전달 특성의 효과 분석

김선우(Kim, Sun-Woo),김원식(Kim, Won-Sik),송국곤(Song, Guk-Gon),강종구(Kang, Jong-Ku),박현구(Park, Hyeon-Ku) 한국소음진동공학회 2012 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.3

Evaluation on the environmental noise is carried out by surveying subjective response of residents with physical measurement of noise during long period in field. Particularly field survey is used to make regulations from the analysis on how many people are annoyed for specific noise level, and laboratory test used to analyze the relationship between physical parameters of noise and subjective responses. In the laboratory controlling the variables is easy but the results could be biased because the condition in room would be different with field. Most of all noise exposure time is considered to be different with real situation, and this study aimed to evaluate the subjective response by exposure time of transportation noise, by applying three kinds of variable how much they give effects on the annoyance as the exposure time is operating condition, windows type and sound level. As a result there was somewhat difference between operating type and annoyance, which is caused by the sound characteristics operated in different condition. However the window type didn't give much effect to the annoyance as much as sound type. This means that the subjective response could give similar result by exposure time even for different window types. Most of all, the main factor affecting subjective response is considered to be the sound level and the exposure time.

환경 소음으로부터 지혜로운 대처를 위한 소음 지도 작성의 필요성

김여주,한우재 한국청각언어재활학회 2019 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.15 No.4

Since environmental noise, which has recently increased disputes and complaints, has a negative impact directly or indirectly on the lives of modern people, accurate analysis of noise effects and establishment of noise reduction method are essential. In the view of prevention, the noise map is very important for observing the overall noise distribution, identifying the noise sources, and preparing a noise reduction plan. In Korea, technical studies had conducted for producing the noise map. Various efforts also applied to prepare noise reduction measures, efficient introduction of regional noise maps, and establishment of management systems. However, there was a lack of experts and budgets to produce the noise map. The noise prediction formula and program were not standardized yet, consequently that it was difficult to build an infrastructure and update it. In this paper, by making a noise map for Chuncheon city using a smartphone application, we tried to produce a brief version of the noise maps which would increase people’s perception and interest toward. Furthermore, we introduced several good examples of the noise map from other countries. We expect that it is possible to reduce social costs and to improve the quality of people’s lives by academically approaching the multifaceted relationship between environmental noise, hearing, and health in Korea.

도심지역과 비도심지역 군용비행장의 소음 피해범위 비교분석

김경민(Kyoung Min Kim),이병찬(Byung Chan Lee) 한국소음진동공학회 2021 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.6

비직업 소음 노출 이력 설문지 개발

김세아,한우재 한국청각언어재활학회 2019 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop a self-reported questionnaire to screen any possibility of non-occupational noise exposure and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: While considering various factors of the noise exposure, non-occupational noise exposure questionnaire (NONE-Q) was developed. It consisted of 23 questions with either yes/no answer or two/three/four/ten-point scales: ten questions for general issues related to hearing conditions, seven for usage of the personal listening device, and six for exposure frequency to noisy environments. A total of 104 young adults with normal hearing (53 females and 51 males) participated. They conducted pure-tone audiometry with extended high-frequency and distortion product otoacoustic emission as two hearing screening tests, and responded to the NONE-Q. All were retested 3 weeks later using the same questionnaire to confirm its reliability and validity. Results: The result of factor analysis showed a good construct validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient appeared to be 0.844 with a high level of reliability. Also, there was a significant test-retest correlation. Conclusion: The items of NONE-Q are appropriate based on good reliability and validity. In the following study, they should apply to evaluate people with suspecting noise-induced hearing loss and for the early detection of hidden hearing loss, in order to standardize sensitivity and specificity of the NONE-Q.

교통소음의 노출시간과 주관반응의 관계 분석

김선우(Kim, Sun-Woo),김원식(Kim, Won-Sik),송국곤(Song, Guk-Gon),박현구(Park, Hyeon-Ku) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.3

Environmental noise is a very important factor determining the residential quality. There are many environmental noises produced in residential area, and transportation noise is one of the most annoying among those noises. Measurement and evaluation method are specified in standard for the single transportation noise, while method for the mixed noise is not specified. To evaluate mixed transportation noise, the analyzing the relationship between sound sources is necessary. Many researches have been carried out to seek for the relationship, and equations were proposed based on the research which was usually carried out in the specific condition. Field survey is generally used to analyze the relationship between sound sources and also to make regulations by analyzing how many people are annoyed for specific noise level. However it is really difficult to control variables and it needs a lot of time and money to survey. For this reason, laboratory test is used to analyze, because it could be somewhat free from such variables that have in field survey. Nevertheless laboratory test is could be different with real situation. Most of all noise exposure time is considered to be different with real situation, and this study aimed to compare the subjective response for the different length of sound sources. As a result, the annoyance for the road traffic noise was increased proportional to exposure time, however it was decreased suddenly for the railway noise and aircraft noise after 20 sec. because of the background noise, then increased with relatively slow slope. Especially the slope of annoyance in the relationship with equivalent noise level differed depending on the exposure time.

도심 항공 모빌리티 소음 영향 평가를 위한 저 충실도 소음 전파 모듈 개발

정태민,홍윤표,이관중 한국항공우주학회 2023 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.51 No.12

UAM eVTOL은 도심 내에서 운항하기 때문에, 소음 영향을 신속 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 해석자가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 비행체 운용 시 소음의 크기를 운용 상태와 거리에 따라 표로 나타낸 NPD 데이터를 이용한 소음 전파 모듈을 새롭게 개발하였다. 그 결과, 기존의 항공기 소음 영향 평가를 위한 기준들을 따르면서도 해석자의 유연성과 확장성을 개선하였으며, 평균 및 누적 소음 계산에 더해 실시간 소음 전파 영상과 각 보정 과정에 대한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. FAA의 AEDT, NASA의 AIRNOISE와 비교 검증을 수행하였으며, NASA의 3세대 UAM eVTOL NPD 데이터를 적용한 결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 모듈은 UAM 생태계 통합 운용에 관한 연구 및 실증에 다방면으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Since UAM eVTOLs operate within urban areas, it is necessary to quickly and accurately predict the noise impact. In this study, a new noise propagation module using tabulated aircraft noise data according to its operating state and distance (NPD data) is developed. This module is highly flexible and scalable while following aircraft noise impact assessment standards. The module can provide several noise metrics, real-time noise propagation images, and the effect of different adjustments. Validation was conducted with FAA's AEDT and NASA's AIRNOISE, and the results of applying NASA's 3rd gen UAM eVTOL NPD data were presented. The module is expected to be used in various research of the integrated operation of the UAM ecosystem.