19세기 중반 영국 수로국 제작 해도에 나타난 한반도 해안선 및 지명 기재 양상의 변화 - 2347번 해도를 중심으로 -

김종근 한국고지도연구학회 2023 한국고지도연구 Vol.15 No.2

The nautical charts produced by the British Hydrographic Office in the mid-19th century were based on actual surveys and were recognized as the most accurate maps of the world. The Korean Peninsula and its surrounding waters first appeared on nautical charts produced by the British Hydrographic Office in the mid-19th century, and were expanded over time. In this study, this author examine the changes in the Korean Peninsula's coastline as depicted in the mid-19th century British nautical chart no. 2347, which was created in 1855, 1861, 1871, and 1876. Specifically, this author found that the map of the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago has been steadily revised since 1855, when Nautical Chart no. 2347 was created as a provisional nautical map. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, I found that the east coast was drastically changed in the 1861 map, the west coast around central Ganghwa Island in the 1871 map, and the coastline along the southern part of the west coast and the south coast in the 1876 map. In terms of place names, this author found that the number of place names on the Korean Peninsula and surrounding waters increased from 95 in 1855, 160 in 1861, 225 in 1871, and 340 in 1876. While physical geographical place names related to islands and coastal features dominated the list of place names, the 1876 list showed an increase in human geographical place names, with 128 provincial and county names. The significance of this study is that it empirically examines the process and content of how the modern Western imperialist states, represented by the United Kingdom, secured geographic information about the Korean Peninsula's seas, coastlines, and inland geography through nautical charts.

해양사고 예방을 위한 양식어장 해도 표기에 관한 연구

유상록,정종철 한국해양수산개발원 2017 해양정책연구 Vol.32 No.2

Aquaculture farm damage continually occurs every year. Further, ship propeller failure due to the aquaculture farm damage may also happen. In this study, the present situation regarding the marking of aquaculture farms on nautical charts is examined, and the necessity of marking nautical charts from the viewpoint of the ship’s navigator is presented empirically. The season and location of the damages to the aquaculture farm were investigated and compared with the information chart for aquaculture farm and the appropriate nautical chart. Also, we boarded a ship and observed the difficulty when navigating the area where the aquaculture farms are focused. As a result of analyzing the ship’s trajectory, the aquaculture farms were not marked on the nautical chart. Thus, it was revealed that the ship’s navigators had misjudged it as a navigatable section of the sea. In particular, Maro sea voyages always present the danger of damage to the aquaculture farms because they are not marked on nautical charts. Besides, it was found that due to the narrow width of the route, care should be taken on any voyage on the Maro sea. Therefore, it is more urgent to issue nautical charts reflecting the current aquaculture farm locations.

정밀 DGPS측량의 기준점 분석에 따른 수치지형도와 수치해도의 통합관리

장용구(Yong-Gu Jang),김상석(Sang-Seok, Kim) 한국항해항만학회 2005 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.29 No.3

현재 국내에서 활발히 이루어지고 있는 GPS 정밀측지측량은 GPS 관측성과가 관측값의 통계적 검증없이 이루어지고 있는 문제점이 있다. 그리고 육지와 해상의 동합지리정보시스템구축을 위한 수치지형도와 수치해도의 통합투영의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 GPS 망조정에 사용되는 3점의 기준선에 대한 가하학적인 강도에 따른 정밀도 분석과 분산계수의 변화에 따른 GPS 관측값들의 정밀도 분석방법으로 GPS 관측값의 정밀도 향상을 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, GPS 관측값의 정밀도를 향상시키는 방법과 수치지도와 전자해도의 통합투영으로 GPS 기준점을 이용한 수지지형도와 수치해도의 경계선 오차량을 비교 검토하여 수치지형도와 수치해도의 통합관리의 방향을 제시하였다. 그리고 이렇게 산출된 GPS 관측결과를 이용하여 EDM 측량결과를 산출하고 수치지형도와 수치해도를 이 경계값들로 맞추었을 때 전체적인 경계점 오차량을 비교 검토하였다. Geodetic surveying using precise GPS equipment are used without analysis with a statistical verification of GPS observed value and it was preformed by necessity to integration projection of digital topographic map and nautical Chart for integration geographic information system construction. The purpose of this study proposes method that improve accuracy of GPS observed value and direction that integrally manage digital topographic map and electronic nautical chart in analyzing the boundary line error between digital topographic map and nautical Chart. For improvement of the precision of GPS observed value, the author studied precision-analysis of GPS observed value by geometric strength and variance factor in 3 control points used in GPS network adjustment. And like this, produce EDM measurement using this GPS observation results and compare the whole boundary point error when set digital topographic map and nautical chary by these boundary.

수심측량자료를 사용한 해양수치모델 전용 수심 데이터 제작: BADA Ver.1

유상철,문종윤,박웅,서광호,권석재,허룡 한국해안,해양공학회 2019 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.3

Recently, the importance of highly accurate bathymetric data is greatly emphasized by the increased use of the ocean numerical models and research results in major areas such as ocean forecasting and natural disaster. There are domestic bathymetric data mainly used in ocean numerical models of Choi et al.(2002) and Seo (2008), but the production year is old and the data was created on the basis of nautical charts. Nautical charts are made for the purpose of navigation and based on the minimum depth from bathymetric data, so there is a limitation to reproduce the actual submarine topography. Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) produces nautical charts every year through continuous bathymetric survey, but no bathymetric data for numerical models have been produced. In this study, using the raw bathymetric survey data, we built an exclusive bathymetric dataset (BADA Ver.1) for ocean numerical models and compared it with published bathymetric data. 최근 해양예보/재해 등의 주요 분야에서 해양수치모델의 수행 및 연구결과에 대한 활용도가 증가함에 따라 정확도 높은 수심자료의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 해양수치모델에 주로 활용되는 국내 수심자료는 Choi et al. (2002), Seo(2008)의 자료가 있지만, 제작년도가 오래되고 해도를 기반으로 작성했다는 제한사항이 있다. 해도는 항 해를 목적으로 제작되어 수심 측량자료 중 최천소 자료를 사용하므로 실제 해저지형을 재현하는데 한계가 있다. 국 립해양조사원은 매년 지속적인 수심측량을 통하여 해도를 생산하고 있지만, 수치모델을 목적으로 한 수심자료는 생 산하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 원시 수심측량자료를 이용하여 수치모델을 위한 해양수치모델 전용 수심 데이터셋 (BADA Ver.1)을 구축하고, 공개된 해양 수심자료와 비교하였다.

선박용 전자해도를 위한 해양 안전 정보 심벌 개선

김효승(Hyo-Seung Kim),김건홍(Gun-Hong Kim),이서정(Seojeong Lee) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2020 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.7

The INT1 standard has been used for the paper nautical chart, and the S-52 standard has been used for electronic navigational chart. In order to improve the S-52 that has been used for a long time and to portray various maritime information, the International Hydrographic Organization created a new standard, the S-100 and there are many ongoing studies under S-100 working group to develop product specifications. This study is the result of conducting a symbol improvement study as part of the Korean e-Navigation project. For this study, various maritime safety information was analyzed which were marine protected area, marine radio service, navigational warning, vessel traffic service, and under-keel clearance management. By analyzing symbol usage and related standards, new symbol production and design improvements were identified and applied based on the analyzed information. In addition, some overlapping issues arising from symbol expression were derived and alternatives that could be helpful for future development were presented.

MGIS를 이용한 광양만의 지형변화 분석

김종규(JONG-KYU KIM),조기운(KI-WOON CHO),김정현(JUNG-HYUN KIM) 한국해양공학회 2007 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.21 No.6

This study discusses the spatiotemporal characteristics of the geomorphological changes in Gwangyang Bay. In this study, we analyzed four aerial photos and nautical charts. The geomorphological changes that have occurred over time were identified using an MGIS (Marine geographic information system) overlay analysis. As a result, we were able to identify the geomorphological changes that have resulted from the coastal development and fairway dredging of Gwangyang Bay. This paper demonstrates that the marine geographic information system can be effective in monitoring the geomorphological changes in castal zones.

전자항해서지에 관한 기초연구: 법제도를 중심으로

박병문,최윤수,정민,허성욱,김나은 한국수로학회 2022 한국수로학회지 Vol.11 No.2

With the entry into force of the “Act on marine research and the use of marine information” in February 2020, the content of nautical publications that serve the safety of shipping traffic will be redefined. Nautical publications are essential for the safe operation of ships and refer to nautical charts, electronic navigational charts, and ocean passage pilots, which are produced according to the standards of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Nautical charts and electronic navigational charts are produced in the form of drawings, while ocean passage pilots are traditionally produced in book form. The IHO has developed the S-100 standard, a general hydrographic data model that can integrate digital nautical publications and electronic navigational charts, and is in the process of developing product standards for each field (Baek Yong, 2018). However, compared to electronic navigational charts, there is a lack of interest in developing standards for digital nautical publications, and in this situation, the United Kingdom and the United States independently provide digital nautical publications. This study examines cases of foreign digital nautical publications and develops directions for the development and service of digitalization in Korea based on the current status of domestic and foreign legal systems.

GIS를 이용한 해도정보의 활용방안 연구

김종규(JONG-KYU KIM),김정현(JUNG-HYUN KIM) 한국해양공학회 2003 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

A nautical chart is an essential material not only for the safety of navigation at sea, but also for the research and understanding of the ocean. Paper nautical charts have been used for navigational purposes for several hundreds years, but it was shown that paper nautical charts have certain limitations, because the speed of ships has increased dramatically, and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are now available at sea. Thus, the development of digital charts has been conducted by a number of countries. As a result, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has developed a standard format, Special Publication No. 57 (S-57), as a guideline for the production of electronic navigational charts (ENC). Even though ENCs are a state-of-the-art navigational tool, because they are produced on the basis of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, they can be utilized for various purposes. In this paper, the usage of paper nautical charts, ENCs, and digital charts is reviewed. Also, the various application systems that make use of electronic navigational charts and digital charts, as a basic geographical source of information, will be examined on the basis of GIS.

해상시계 사용 전 유럽 고지도의 본초자오선과 한반도 주변 경도 표기에 관하여

박경 한국지도학회 2021 한국지도학회지 Vol.21 No.2

한반도 주변이 표시된 유럽 고지도와 고해도를 연구할 때, 존 해리슨에 의한 해상시계의 발명이 있었던 18세기 후반 이전의 지도와 이후의 지도를 구분하여 연구할 필요가 있다. 본초자오선이라는 경도의 기준은 프톨레마이오스가 설정하고 네덜란드 지도제 작자들이 지속해서 사용했던 카나리아 제도였거나, 자편각이 0이 되는 자오선의 발견에 따라 아조레스 군도, 베르데 곶 등 대서양의 다양한 자오선이 본초자오선으로 채택되었다. 1884년 워싱턴 D.C. 국제회의를 통해 표준화될 때까지 자국 천문대 기준으로 경도 좌표 시스템을 사용함에 따라 수십 개의 본초자오선이 존재하였었다. 그리니치 본초자오선 채택 이전의 지도와 해도들의 경도 표기를 통해 제작 국가와 발간연도를 추정할 수도 있다. 본초자오선과 상관없이 해상시계의 사용 이전의 부정확한 경도 측정으로 인하여 한반도의 모양과 위치는 상당한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있다. When studying the old European maps and nautical charts related to the Korean Peninsula, it is necessary to separate the maps before and after the late 18th century according to the invention of the marine chronometer by John Harrison. Furthermore, the Canary Islands chosen by Ptolemy or Azores Isle or Cape Verde by the discovery of the zero-deviation meridian in the Atlantic Ocean were adopted as the prime meridian, or prime meridians of observatories were used till standardization at the international conferences held in Washington D.C. in 1884. It is also possible to estimate the country of manufacture and the year of publication from the longitude notation of maps and charts before the adoption of the Greenwich prime meridian. The shape and location of the Korean Peninsula are also significantly different due to the inaccurate measurement of longitude prior to the use of the maritime chronometer.

주변국 위성항법보정시스템(DGPS)의 신호분석 및 대응 방안

공현동(Hyun-Dong Kong) 한국항해항만학회 2007 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.춘계

Although the United States removed the SA one of the largest positional error factors from GPS, but still the vessels navigating harbor or approaching waterway are only to use DGPS (Differential GPS). Especially IMO (International Maritime Organization) and IALA (International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities) are tending to standardize DGPS positional information to use at every kind of the ocean development such as route dredging construction and nautical chart production as well as maritime navigation. According to this, as the reliability and integrity of DGPS positional information installed and operated by the shore countries are underlined, we try to analyze and evaluate the DGPS signal of Japan and China, sharing the same waters with Korea, how to affect Korean coast and to make countermeasures eventually.