Effect of Suboptimal Nutritional Status on Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Tomato Plants

Sung, Jwakyung,Lee, Sangmin,Lee, Suyeon,Kim, Rogyoung,Lee, Yejin,Yun, Hongbae,Ha, Sangkeun,Song, Beomheon Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

A suitable supply of mineral elements into shoot via a root system from growth media makes plants favorable growth and yield. The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological reactions to plants and, especially, strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake and synthesis and translocation of soluble carbohydrates in N, P or K-deficient tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Four-weeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with suboptimal N ($0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;Ca(NO_3)2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and $0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;KNO_3$), P ($0.05mmol\;L^{-1}\;KH_2PO_4$), and K ($0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;KNO_3$) for 30 days. The deficiency of specific mineral element led to a significant decrease in its concentration and affected the concentration of other elements with increasing treatment period. The appearance of the reduction, however, differed slightly between elements. The ratios of N uptake of each treatment to that in NPK sufficient tomato shoots were 4 (N deficient), 50 (P deficient), and 50% (K deficient). The P uptake ratios were 21 (N deficient), 19 (P deficient), and 28% (K deficient) and K uptake ratios were 11 (N deficient), 46 (P deficient), and 7% (K deficient). The deficiency of mineral elements also influenced on carbohydrate metabolism; soluble sugar and starch was substantially enhanced, especially in N or K deficiency. In conclusion, mineral deficiency leads to an adverse carbohydrate metabolism such as immoderate accumulation and restricted translocation as well as reduced mineral uptake and thus results in the reduced plant growth.

Effect of Suboptimal Nutritional Status on Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Tomato Plants

Jwakyung Sung,Sangmin Lee,Suyeon Lee,Rogyoung Kim,Yejin Lee,Hongbae Yun,Sangkeun Ha,Beomheon Song 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

A suitable supply of mineral elements into shoot via a root system from growth media makes plants favorable growth and yield. The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological reactions to plants and, especially, strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake and synthesis and translocation of soluble carbohydrates in N, P or K-deficient tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Four-weeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with suboptimal N (0.5 mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP> Ca(NO₃)₂ㆍ4H₂O and 0.5 mmol L-1 KNO₃), P (0.05 mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP> KH₂PO₄), and K (0.5 mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP> KNO₃) for 30 days. The deficiency of specific mineral element led to a significant decrease in its concentration and affected the concentration of other elements with increasing treatment period. The appearance of the reduction, however, differed slightly between elements. The ratios of N uptake of each treatment to that in NPK sufficient tomato shoots were 4 (N deficient), 50 (P deficient), and 50% (K deficient). The P uptake ratios were 21 (N deficient), 19 (P deficient), and 28% (K deficient) and K uptake ratios were 11 (N deficient), 46 (P deficient), and 7% (K deficient). The deficiency of mineral elements also influenced on carbohydrate metabolism; soluble sugar and starch was substantially enhanced, especially in N or K deficiency. In conclusion, mineral deficiency leads to an adverse carbohydrate metabolism such as immoderate accumulation and restricted translocation as well as reduced mineral uptake and thus results in the reduced plant growth.

Effect of Suboptimal Nutritional Status on Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Tomato Plants

성좌경,이상민,이수연,김록영,이예진,윤홍배,하상근,송범헌 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

A suitable supply of mineral elements into shoot via a root system from growth media makes plants favorable growth and yield. The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological reactions to plants and, especially, strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake and synthesis and translocation of soluble carbohydrates in N, P or K-deficient tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Four-weeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with suboptimal N (0.5 mmol L-1 Ca(NO3)2ㆍ4H2O and 0.5 mmol L-1 KNO3), P (0.05 mmol L-1 KH2PO4), and K (0.5 mmol L-1 KNO3) for 30 days. The deficiency of specific mineral element led to a significant decrease in its concentration and affected the concentration of other elements with increasing treatment period. The appearance of the reduction, however, differed slightly between elements. The ratios of N uptake of each treatment to that in NPK sufficient tomato shoots were 4 (N deficient), 50 (P deficient), and 50% (K deficient). The P uptake ratios were 21 (N deficient), 19 (P deficient),and 28% (K deficient) and K uptake ratios were 11 (N deficient), 46 (P deficient), and 7% (K deficient). The deficiency of mineral elements also influenced on carbohydrate metabolism; soluble sugar and starch was substantially enhanced, especially in N or K deficiency. In conclusion, mineral deficiency leads to an adverse carbohydrate metabolism such as immoderate accumulation and restricted translocation as well as reduced mineral uptake and thus results in the reduced plant growth.

Metabolite profiling and mineral nutrient analysis from the leaves and roots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. angulosum) grown under macronutrient mineral deficiency

김양민,김태진,이예진,이슬비,이덕배,오택근,성좌경 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.6

We analyzed the contents of 38 primary metabolites and 9 minerals in the leaves and roots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. angulosum) to study metabolic responses to deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. Induced deficiencies of individual cations reduced the abundance of the other cations in both leaves and roots. Each nutrient-deficient condition was clearly grouped by principal component analysis, which also showed that leaves under cation-deficiency treatments were separated from those under noncation- deficiency treatments. This was consistent with that a single cation deficiency decreased the levels of the other cations in leaves. Specifically, N deficiency reduced amino acids and organic acids in both tissues. The common response to P-, K-, Ca- or Mg-deficient conditions showed significant increases in the levels of amino acids in both tissues and organic acids in the roots. In the leaves, P- or Mg-deficient conditions reduced organic acids. Soluble carbohydrates were significantly increased under N-, K-, Ca- or Mg-deficient conditions in the leaves, whereas in roots under K deficiency. Notably, the level of caminobutyric acid, an amino acid that helps protect against biotic and abiotic stresses, was increased threefold in leaves under K-deficient conditions and sixfold in roots under P-, K-, Ca-, or Mg-deficient conditions. These findings provide additional information about variations in metabolite and mineral abundance in bell pepper leaves and roots in response to mineral shortage.

몇가지 양분 결핍에 대한 벼 유묘의 생육반응

조중식 ( Jung Sik Jo ),박명렬 ( Myoung Ryoul Park ),윤성중 ( Song Joong Yun ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2009 농업생명과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

건전한 어린모 육묘를 위한 유묘 초기의 무기양분 공급 필요성을 평가하기 위하여 발아 및 유묘 생육초기의 양분 결핍이 유묘 생육에 미치는 영향을 다산벼를 이용하여 조사하였다. 양분 결핍처리는 Yoshida액을 사용하여 질소, 인산, 칼륨, 칼슘, 철 등의 단일성분 결핍처리와 증류수를 이용한 모든 양분 결핍처리를 실시하였다. 양분 결핍처리를 발아시 또는 발아 5일후부터 5-10일동안 처리하여 유묘의 주요 생육형질을 조사 분석하였다. 양분 결핍에 의해 유묘의 초장, 생체중, 지상부생체중, 근장, 근생체중 등이 현저히 감소하였다. 유묘생육 저해정도는 질소 결핍구, 철분 결핍구, 모든 양분 결핍구에서 더욱 컸다. 유묘의 생육은 발아개시기보다는 유묘초기의 양분 결핍에 의해 더 감소되었다. 이상의 결과는 주요 무기 양분이 발아과정에는 미미한 영향을 주나, 유묘의 생육에는 크게 영향을 미치며, 특히 질소와 철분의 영향이 큰 것을 의미한다. 그러므로 건묘육성을 위해서는 유묘종자의 배유양분이 소진되기 이전의 유묘초기에 질소 및 철분 등 무기양분의 공급이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. Infant seedling transplanting outweighs direct seeding in stability, productivity, and product quality of rice cultivation though it requires intensive management in seedling nursery. This study was conducted to identify key mineral nutrients for the production of quality infant seedlings by analyzing the effects of mineral nutrients deficiency on early seedling growth. Deficiency of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, or all nutrients was induced by using Yoshida`s nutrient solution for up to 10 days from germination or 5 days after germination in Dasanbyeo. Seedling height and fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root number, root length, and root fresh weight were decreased by deficiency of the nutrients, but most severely by N or Fe deficiency. This result demonstrates the relatively greater importance of N and Fe than other nutrients in early seedling growth. Seed germination was little affected by any nutrient. The results indicate that additional supply of nutrients should be considered based on the nutrients levels of nursery soil for quality seedling production.

Mineral- and Tissue-Specific Metabolic Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Plants Grown under NPK-Starved Conditions

Jwakyung Sung,Yejin Lee,Seulbi Lee,Jungeun Lim,Deogbae Lee 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Specific metabolic network responses to mineral starvation are not well-defined. We examined a detailed broad-scale identification of metabolic responses of tomato leaf and root to N, P or K starvation. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically under optimal (5 mM N, 0.5 mM P, or 5 mM K) and starved (0.5 mM N, 0.05 mM P, or 0.5 mM K) conditions and metabolites were measured by LC-MS and GC-MS. Overall, the levels of metabolites (lipids, nucleotides, peptides and secondary metabolites) presented in this paper largely showed mineral- and tissue-specific responses. Most strikingly, G3P (glycerol-3-P), GPC (glycerol-P-choline) and choline phosphate responded differently to a type of mineral; an increase in N or K starvation and a decrease in P starvation. A dramatic increase in the levels of secondary metabolites, in particular, rutin and chlorogenate in both tomato tissues during N starvation were observed. Based on these data, it is necessary to clearly elucidate an unknown event taking place in a variety of abiotic impacts, and we are now studying to expand our knowledge on metabolic- and proteomic-responses using GS-MS and LC-MS.

Mineral- and Tissue-Specific Metabolic Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Plants Grown under NPK-Starved Conditions

Sung, Jwakyung,Lee, Yejin,Lee, Seulbi,Lim, Jungeun,Lee, Deogbae Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Specific metabolic network responses to mineral starvation are not well-defined. We examined a detailed broad-scale identification of metabolic responses of tomato leaf and root to N, P or K starvation. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically under optimal (5 mM N, 0.5 mM P, or 5 mM K) and starved (0.5 mM N, 0.05 mM P, or 0.5 mM K) conditions and metabolites were measured by LC-MS and GC-MS. Overall, the levels of metabolites (lipids, nucleotides, peptides and secondary metabolites) presented in this paper largely showed mineral- and tissue-specific responses. Most strikingly, G3P (glycerol-3-P), GPC (glycerol-P-choline) and choline phosphate responded differently to a type of mineral; an increase in N or K starvation and a decrease in P starvation. A dramatic increase in the levels of secondary metabolites, in particular, rutin and chlorogenate in both tomato tissues during N starvation were observed. Based on these data, it is necessary to clearly elucidate an unknown event taking place in a variety of abiotic impacts, and we are now studying to expand our knowledge on metabolic- and proteomic-responses using GS-MS and LC-MS.

Mineral- and Tissue-Specific Metabolic Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Plants Grown under NPK-Starved Conditions

성좌경,이예진,이슬비,임정은,이덕배 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Specific metabolic network responses to mineral starvation are not well-defined. We examined a detailed broad-scale identification of metabolic responses of tomato leaf and root to N, P or K starvation. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically under optimal (5 mM N, 0.5 mM P, or 5 mM K) and starved (0.5 mM N, 0.05 mM P, or 0.5 mM K) conditions and metabolites were measured by LC-MS and GC-MS. Overall, the levels of metabolites (lipids, nucleotides, peptides and secondary metabolites) presented in this paper largely showed mineral- and tissue-specific responses. Most strikingly, G3P (glycerol-3-P), GPC (glycerol-P-choline) and choline phosphate responded differently to a type of mineral; an increase in N or K starvation and a decrease in P starvation. A dramatic increase in the levels of secondary metabolites, in particular, rutin and chlorogenate in both tomato tissues during N starvation were observed. Based on these data, it is necessary to clearly elucidate an unknown event taking place in a variety of abiotic impacts, and we are now studying to expand our knowledge on metabolic- and proteomic-responses using GS-MS and LC-MS.

Evaluation of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and some biomarker parameters levels in children with favsim disease in the Basrah Governorate-Iraq

Ashwaq A. Shenta,Khansaa S. Saud,Ali A. A. Al-Shawi,Mustafa F. Hameed 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.65 No.4

Essential minerals are important for human health because they support biochemical reactions in metabolism and may play a role in the development of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD). We investigated the relationship between calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total protein, glucose and vitamin D levels in G6PD deficiency in this study. The control group consisted of 40 people (23 females and 17 males) and the patient group consisted of 50 people (20 females and 30 males), all of whom were between the ages of (1-12 years). The findings revealed that the calcium level in patients, depending on sex factor, has a highly significant increase (p <0.0001) when compared to the control group, especially in children who are females rather than males who are affected by G6PD deficiency. In addition, the level of magnesium was found to be significantly different (p <0.0001) in children male patients when compared to the control group. On the other side, the level of total protein was found to be significantly high in children patients (p <0.01) when comparing with control group, and the levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be highly significant increase (p <0.001) in patients when comparing to healthy groups, vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p <0.0001) with G6PD deficiency comparing to control group. In conclusion, the low and high significant associations between vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, and glucose indicate that more research is needed to better understand their roles in G6PD development.

Studies on Serum Micro-mineral, Hormone and Vitamin Profile and Its Effect on Production and Therapeutic Management of Buffaloes in Haryana State of India

Sharma, M.C.,Raju, S.,Joshi, C.,Kaur, H.,Varshney, V.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.4

A survey was conducted in certain parts of Haryana to record the prevalence of micro mineral deficiency in buffaloes. The prevalence of soil Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency was 55.26%, 6.9%, 59.12% and 7.89% respectively. While that of fodder Cu, Co, Zn and Fe was 60.64%, 6.7%, 61.22% and 11.37% respectively. The overall prevalence of serum Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency in Haryana was 59.2%, 19.1%, 59.2% and 19.9% respectively. The correlation co-efficient of Cu, Co, Zn and Fe in soil, fodder and serum was significant in most of the cases the values were above 0.8. Blood examination revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin and TEC level. However, no variation in level of TLC were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes. In micro mineral deficiency, thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels were decreased in buffaloes. Marginally lower concentration of vitamin A and E were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes in Haryana. The highest deficiency of micro minerals was 61.76% in copper at Ambala followed by 65.86% in zinc at Rhotak. For therapeutic studies a mineral mixture was prepared according to defiency obtained and fed to three groups of animals. Observation was recorded on 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Group A consist of normal healthy animals and group B mineral deficient animal untreated and group C mineral deficient animal, treated with prepared mineral mixture. 25 gram of mineral mixture was fed daily along with normal ration. There was increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte level in group C animals when compared to group B animals. The milk yield in group C animals increased to 6.970${\pm}$0.41 after 60th day of supplement in comparison to 0 day where it was 5.910${\pm}$0.37, similarly the body wt. of group C animals increased from 129.42${\pm}$01.13 (at 0 day) to 159.31${\pm}$03.61 at 60th day of treatment.