중국물류산업의 규모, 구조 및 효율문제와 발전 장애요인에 관한 연구

신주식(Ju Shick Shin) 한국경영학회 2005 Korea Business Review Vol.8 No.2

중국 물류산업의 총 생산액은 늘고 있으나 전체 GDP에 대한 비중은 1991년부터 1997년까지의 기간엔 줄어드는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이는 최근 중국의 제조업과 타 서비스업의 성장이 눈부시게 발전한 탓이다. 또한 타 산업에 비해 상대적으로 많은 취업인구를 흡수하고 있고 취업규모도 매년 약간씩 증가하는 편이나 타 서비스업종에서의 차지하는 비중은 점차 감소하는 추세에 있다. 화물 운송 물동량과 화물 운송 물동량/운송거리 모두 증가추세에 있지만 화물 운송 물동량/운송거리의 증가 속도가 운송 물동량 증가속도 보다 빠르다. 이는 장거리 물류와 국제선 물류의 량이 증가하였기 때문이다. 물류 구조에서는 도로물류가 전체 물류의 75.4%를 점유, 대종을 이루고 있으나 물동량/운송거리 면에서는 수상운송 물류의 비중이 높은 편이다. 지역경제의 발전수준과 물류산업의 발전수준은 정비례하는 관계를 형성하고 있으며 취업인구 창출 및 물류효율 창출은 서로 반비례하는 현상을 보이고 있다. 물류산업의 노동효율은 비교적 높은 편에 속하며 물류산업의 임금수준 역시 높은 편에 속한다. 중국 물류산업의 환경적인 장애요인에는 물류설비의 노후화, 물류전문기업의 부족, 물류기초설비의 부족, 물류전문가 부족 및 현대물류에 필요한 지식과 노하우의 부족 등이 있다. 중국 물류산업의 문제점으로는 물류효율의 저하문제와 낮은 수준의 물류 서비스와 물류신용 문제 등을 들 수 있다. 중국 물류산업의 발전을 위해서는 현대물류 개념의 확립, 효율적인 물류시스템의 구축, 물류정보화 네트워크 작업의 추진 등을 꼽을 수 있다. The total output of logistics industry in China is still on the increase, but the ratio of logistics industry against total amount of GDP in China shows decreasing trend from 1991 to 1997. This kind`s of situation has been caused by the comparatively higher growth rate of other manufacturing and service industries, comparing with that of logistics industry, in recent few decades. The logistics industry in China is also making a high contribution in absorbing the jobless into work, and also the scale of absorbing the jobless into work is continuously increasing. However, its ratio against the whole service industries is on the decrease. Both transportation volume and transportation volume/distance are increasing, but the growth rate of transportation volume/distance is much higher than that of transportation volume. This kind of situation might be caused by the speedy growth of long-distance transportation and international transportation in China. From the viewpoints of logistics industry structure, overland transportation commands a majority, recording 75.4% of all kinds of transportation businesses, but from the viewpoints of transportation volume/distance, water transportation stands first. In China, regional economic growth is in direct proportion to the growth of its logistics industry, but logistics efficiency is in inverse proportion to the degree of absorbing the jobless into work. Logistics industry in China belongs to the industry groups that make higher business efficiency and provide high level of wages to its employees. The environmental factors obstructing the development of logistics industry in China include the problems of old-aged transportation equipments, lack of logistics-specialized companies, lack of fundamental transportation equipments, lack of logistics specialists and lack of knowledge and know-how related to modern logistics. The problems with which logistics industry in China have recently faced include the low efficiency of logistics industry itself and low level of logistics service and logistics credit system provided by logistics industry in China etc. In order to develop logistics industry in China, readjustment of the concept of modern logistics, setting-up of efficient logistics system and promotion of logistics information networks are keenly needed.

The Correlation between Logistics Industry and Other Industries: An Evaluation of the Empirical Evidence from China

Yinping GAO,Daifang CHANG,Ting FANG,Tian LUO 한국해운물류학회 2018 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.34 No.1

As an emerging producer services industry, the logistics industry is the third-largest industry in China. The rapid development of the logistics industry accelerates the optimization and adjustment of the industrial structure, advances the transformation of economic growth, and thus promotes a rapid economic development. It is essential to understand the correlation between the logistics industry and other industries, for the purpose of facilitating other industries by logistics industry. Based on the current status of the logistics industry and the general industrial structure, several concerns about the development of the logistics industry and other industries have been addressed in this paper. A qualitative analysis between the logistics industry and industrial structure has been presented. Furthermore, the development of the logistics industry was quantified with the regional entropy coefficient. A linear regression model of the regional entropy coefficient and other industries data was established to analyze the correlation between logistics and the industrial structure. Then, the gray correlation was analyzed to further verify the correlation degree. The correlation degrees between logistics and industries in Pizhou were (sorted from high to low): primary industry, tertiary industry, and secondary industry. Combining development issues and the obtained correlation, several feasible suggestions are presented that promote the logistics industry on a county scale.

우리나라 제3자 물류산업 경쟁력 제고 방안 연구

김정환,이충배 한국물류학회 2018 물류학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Due to the globalization of the economy and the development of information and communications and logistics technologies, world trade is growing rapidly. As the globalization of the company's business activities is progressing, the supply chain is expanding globally and the reduction of inventories through Just In Time (JIT) is consistently being promoted. In addition, the establishment of global supply chain management plays a vital role as a corporate survival strategy. Shippers are expanding the use of third-party logistics companies to reduce costs and concentrate their core competencies. As a result, global leading logistics companies focus on providing competitive and customer-oriented logistics service by the establishment of logistics information system and a global transport network. The purpose of this study is to identify the competitiveness factors of third-party logistics industry and to suggest ways to enhance competitiveness of third party logistics industry in Korea. Specifically, the factors affecting the logistics industry and companies are derived through previous literature reviews and case studies of leading logistics companies. The questionnaire analyzes the competitiveness of the logistics industry and then this paper presents a road map for the competitiveness of the Korean logistics industry. As a result of the analysis, since basic infrastructures and logistics systems such as customs clearance system, logistics infrastructure level and international/multimodal transportation system are good but the software sectors are relatively weak, which should be improved. Second, there is a high perception gap between importance of logistics service factors provided by logistics companies and logistics service factors received by shippers. Therefore, logistics companies should strengthen their efforts to provide logistics service such as customized or value added logistics to meet customers' needs. Third, information and knowledge industrialization and logistics infrastructure is the highest ranking in terms of the policy priority for logistics. The government should promote the development of the fourth industrial revolution technology, which is a key topic of the logistics industry, so that the logistics companies can easily utilize them. 경제의 글로벌화 진전과 정보통신 및 물류기술의 발전과 더불어 세계 무역은 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 기업의 경영활동 역시 세계화가 진행되면서 공급사슬이 전 세계적으로 확대되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 적시생산체제(JIT) 실현을 통한 재고의 축소가 추진되고 있으며, 이를 경영활동에 지원하는 글로벌 물류체계의 구축과 효율적 공급사슬관리는 기업의 생존전략이 되고 있다. 화주기업은 비용절감과 핵심역량으로의 집중화 등을 위해 제3자물류업체의 활용을 더욱 확대해 나가고 있다. 이에 따라 전문물 류업체들의 효율화, 글로벌 네트워크 구축, 물류정보시스템의 구축 등을 통해 고객지향적 물류서비스 제공에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 제3자물류산업의 경쟁력 요인을 파악하고 제3자물류산업의 경쟁력 제고 방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 물류산업과 기업 발전에 미치는 요인을 기존의 문헌연구 및 선진 물류기업의 사례 연구를 통해 도출하고, 물류관련 당사자들을 대상으로 설문분석을 통해 물류산업/기업, 정책부문에서의 물류산업의 경쟁력의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하여 국내 물류산업의 발전을 위한 로드 맵을 제시한다. 분석결과 우리나라 물류산업의 경쟁력에서 첫째 통관시스템, 물류인프라 수준, 국제/복합운송 시스템과 같은 기초 인프라 및시스템은 양호하나 소프트웨어적 부문이 취약하기 때문에 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 둘째 화주기업과 물류기업간의 물류서비스 요인의 중요성에 대한 인식 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 물류기업은 고객 니즈를 최대한 수렴할 수 있는 물류서비스를 제공하기 위해 노력해야 한다. 셋째, 물류정책의 우선순위는 물류산업의 정보화 및 지식산업화와 인프라가 가장 높은 순위를 나타내고 있다. 정부는 물류산업의 핵심 화두인 제4차 산업혁명 기술의 개발을 촉진함으로써 물류기업이 이를 용이하게 활용할 수 있는 체제를 갖추어야 할 것이다.

The Dynamic Mechanism of Logistics Networking Industry in Jing-Jin-Ji Region of China in the Context of"Internet +"

Bo Shu,Shan Lu,Haiju Hu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.11

With the development of cloud computing, big data, Internet of things, the traditional logistics industry integration of the Internet. It gave birth to a variety of business models and Shared prosperity. It has discovered the dynamic factors of logistics industry in Jing-Jin-Ji region (Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region) were related to the regional network, industry integration and business innovation, etc. This article, based on the investigation of "the networked logistics industry" in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, influence elements of logistics industry,established the model of combination of the dynamics.The model reflected the network in the process of logistics industry,which including four dimensions :the logistics industry benefit, scale of logistics, the logistics demand and logistics network resources, to simulate the trend of the logistics industry network. In addition, It observed the dynamic effect of the four-dimensional one completely changed. It has been found that the influence of scale of logistics efficiency and logistics more network logistics industry in Jing-Jin-Ji. But it is not obvious, the influence of the network resources, the logistics demand of network logistics industry in Jing-Jin-Ji area.

국내 물류산업 디지털 기술과 스마트화 수준 진단 연구

신민성,장소영,민연주 한국교통연구원 2022 交通硏究 Vol.29 No.1

In order to overcome the economic crisis by proposing a ‘transition to the digital economy’ through the ‘Korean New Deal’ policy, the government is promoting a major transformation into a smart logistics system through digitalization of the logistics industry, which has been selected as a promising non-contact service industry. Therefore, this study analyzes the digital technology of the domestic logistics industry and the digital capabilities of logistics companies from various angles, diagnoses the current level and problems to achieve digitalization of the logistics industry, and presents policy implications for government policy and corporate digitalization. First, the technology level of the domestic logistics industry was evaluated through patent analysis of block chain, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and cloud technology, and the level of smartization by logistics industry was compared and analyzed through a survey on logistics companies. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the quality level of digital technology in the domestic logistics sector is relatively low, and technology investment is biased toward specific technologies (blockchain, Internet of Things). The level of smartization of domestic logistics companies was found to be low (2.84 out of a 5-point scale) in the industry as a whole, and it was found that the level of digital transformation and information connection was lower than the level of unmanned and automation. In particular, it is analyzed that the smaller the company, the lower the level of smartization, and it is judged that the industrial structure and smallness centered on manpower are acting as obstacles to smartization technology development and investment. Therefore, it is judged that the government's strong smart logistics transition policy, technology development, and efforts to change the perception of logistics company managers are necessary. 정부에서는 ‘한국판 뉴딜’ 정책을 통해 ‘디지털 경제로의 전환’을 제시하며 경제위기를 극복하고자, 유망 비대면 서비스 산업으로 선정된 물류산업의 디지털화를 통한 스마트 물류체계로의 대전환을 추진중이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 물류산업의 디지털 기술력과 물류기업의 디지털 역량 등을 다각도로 분석하여, 물류산업 디지털화 달성을 위한 현재수준과 문제점 등을 진단하고 정부정책 및 기업의 디지털화 추진을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 먼저 블록체인, 빅데이터, 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 클라우드 기술의 특허분석을 통해 국내 물류산업의 기술 수준을 평가하고, 물류기업 대상 실태조사를 통해 물류산업 업종별로 스마트화 수준을 비교·분석하였다. 분석결과, 국내 물류부문 디지털 기술력은 질적 수준이 상대적으로 낮고, 특정기술(블록체인, 사물인터넷)에 편향된 기술투자가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 물류기업의 스마트화 수준은 산업 전반적으로 낮은(5점 만점 중 2.84) 것으로 조사되었으며, 무인·자동화 수준에 비해 디지털 전환과 정보연계 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 기업규모가 작을수록 스마트화 수준이 낮은 것으로 분석되어 인력중심의 산업구조와 영세성이 스마트화 기술개발 및 투자의 장애요인으로 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 정부의 강력한 스마트 물류 전환 정책 추진과 기술개발, 물류기업 경영자의 인식전환 등의 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다.

Research on the Impact of Logistics Industry Efficiency and Agglomeration Effect on Import and Export Trade in Korea

Wen-Si Cheng 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.5

Purpose – The logistics industry is often featured by its location relevance and industrial concentration. Industrial concentration is conducive to the effective transmission of information by reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency, thus promoting the development of trade. The main purpose of this paper is to measure the spatial total factor productivity and location quotient of the logistics industry in Korea, and to study the impact of the logistics industry efficiency and agglomeration effect on import and export trade in Korea. Design/methodology – First, used the spatial stochastic frontier method to measure the spatial total factor productivity of the logistics industry in Korea, this serves as the efficiency index of the logistics industry in various regions of Korea. Second, calculated the location quotient (LQ) of the logistics industry to measure the industry’s concentration degree. Third, employed a spatial econometric model to analyze the impacts of factors such as the efficiency and concentration levels of the logistics industry on import and export trade in Korea. Findings – This study’s main findings can be summarized as follows: this study found that the overall efficiency of the logistics industry in Korea needs to be improved, even though it showed an upward trend in all regions of the country; Moreover, the agglomeration level of Korea’s logistics industry needs to be improved; Finally, the positive spatial correlation and industrial agglomeration effect of Korea s logistics industry had a positive impact on the country’s import and export trade. Originality/value – This study is innovative in terms of research perspective and methods. Most of the previous studies have measured the development level of the logistics industry using the logistics performance index (LPI), Fewer studies have assessed through the spatial total factor productivity and location quotient of the logistics industry in Korea to measure the efficiency index of the logistics industry in various regions of Korea and concentration degree, as well as there was almost no study on the impact of logistics industry efficiency and agglomeration effect on import and export trade in Korea. This study addresses this limitation by analyzing the impacts of the efficiency and agglomeration effect of the logistics industry on import and export trade in Korea.

물류산업의“괜찮은 일자리(Decent Work)”결정요인에 관한 연구 : 전체산업 모형과의 비교를 중심으로

소애림,신승식 한국항만경제학회 2022 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

This study derived determinants of ‘Decent Work’ in the logistics industry and aims to use the analysis results as basic data for policymaking related to labor in the logistics industry and to pre- pare policies suitable for the characteristics of the logistics industry. As the dependent variable of the model, the Decent Job derived from the first study was used, and the target model was derived from panel data of whole industries to understand the unique characteristics of logistics industry jobs and applied to the logistics industry model. This study found that in the logistics industry, developing the expertise of the logistics industry through “vocational training” compared to whole industries is an important factor rather than raising the “academic level” through the regular curriculum. This seems to reflect the characteristics of the logistics industry as specialized vocational training is required in the case of “railway transportation”, “inland water and port transportation”, and “air cargo transportation”, which have a high proportion of decent job workers among the detailed logistics industries analyzed in this study. Therefore, de- veloping job expertise through additional manpower training programs such as vocational training as well as academic fields learned through regular curriculum is a very important factor in engag- ing in “Decent Work” not only in the logistics industry but also in other industries.

항만물류산업 분류에 관한 연구

최근배(Choi, keun bae) 한국무역연구원 2010 무역연구 Vol.6 No.3

This study focussed on the classification of port logistics industry. Many earlier studies concerning this field is not conerrned about classification of port logisgtics industry itself, but focussed on the policy making in order to develop the port logistics industry. So such studies individually classfied the port logistics industry according to the objective of each study. Therefore there is no certain and uniform criterion about what is the port logistics industry's boundary so far. Fortunately there is a clear definition about the port logistics in Port Law. So I drawed three essential factors from the Port Law's definition, that is port, cargo, activities(transport, storage, loading and unloading, packing). In order to be included in port logistics industry, each industry have to satisfied three factors. Based upon this definition, I investigate relevant laws and standard industry classification. In the course of investigate, I excluded the industry overlapped between law and law, between law and standard industry classification. After all I choose various industries having something to do with port logistics. I think that central government and local government can support port logistics industry according to policy goals from now on. And port logistics would be develop with land logistics and air logistics harmoniously. This study is the first try to classify the port logistics industry, I think that hereafter many studies about this field may appear. And I hope that this study can activate the study concerning the development of port logistics industry.

항만물류산업의 지역경제 파급효과 분석 -부산, 인천, 울산을 대상으로-

이민규 ( Min Kyu Lee ),이기열 ( Ki Youl Lee ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.2

항만물류산업은 수출입 화물의 운송 및 물류활동을 통한 부가가치의 창출 등 항만도시의 지역경제를 구성하는 근간이 되고 있다. 최근의 항만정책은 항만지역산업의 변화를 반영한 항만별 특화 전략을 수립하는 방향으로 추진 중이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 2013년 기준 지역산업연관표를 적용하여 주요 지역별 항만물류산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 즉, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과, 취업유발효과뿐만 아니라 부가가치 순이입 측면에서 경제적 파급효과를 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 울산 항만물류산업의 생산유발효과가 타 지역 항만물류산업과 비교해서 가장 높지만, 타지역 생산유발률이 34.7%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부산과 인천의 경우 항만물류산업이 부가가치 이입 효과가 높은 산업으로 평가되었다. 분석 결과는 지역별 항만물류 클러스터를 구축하고 항만물류산업의 지역 경제적 중요성을 제시하는 데 활용 가능하다. 본 연구는 항만물류분야에 부가가치 순이입 분석을 최초로 도입함으로써 항만물류 연구의 범위를 넓히는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. Generally, ports represent a significant national infrastructure to ensure speedy and seamless transportation of import and export cargoes. For instance, 99.7% of the volume of import and export cargoes in Korea has been handled by maritime transportation. The port logistics industry plays a significant role in the regional economic development of Korea by generating added value and employment. As of late, the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries formulates the port policy for developing specialized ports in harmony with the change of regional industries. Especially, the port logistics industry should be developed with regard to the relationship with regional linked industries. Such situation drives the need for an analysis of the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry. Thus, this study attempts to explore the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry using regional input-output (I-O) analysis focused on Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan. We use the original benchmark 2013 regional I-O tables obtained from the Bank of Korea. For port logistics-based analysis, original tables are aggregated into 4-region and 31-sector tables. Specifically, production, value-added, and employment inducing effects, as well as net trade in value-added are intimately presented. The analysis results reveal that the production inducing effects of the regional port logistics industry range from 1.7730 to 1.9783. Given that 65% of induced effects of logistics industry in Ulsan are generated from industries in this location, the industry is likely to be very dependent on industries in other regions. "Port logistics," "petroleum and coal products," "business support services," "electricity, gas, and steam supply," and "wholesale and retail trade" rank high in the sectoral inducing effects of port logistics. With regard to net trade in value-added, port logistics industries in Busan and Incheon generated positive values respectively, but the industry in Ulsan showed the opposite sign. It should be noted that net trade in value-added allows researchers to capture added values transferred during the production process contrary to value-added inducing effects. Analysis results will offer valuable information on the regional economic importance of port logistics industry for building the master development plan on nationwide ports. Especially, net trade in value-added will serve as a new indicator for describing the industrial status of the regional port logistics industry. In addition, this study can be applied to the design of efficient strategies for constructing the regional port logistics clusters. The sectoral linkages in a regional economy can provide the framework for identifying leading industries in the regional economy and for grouping the industries into spatial clusters. In light of academic research, introducing net trade in value-added using I-O analysis to the port logistics field for the first time will significantly contribute to expanding the range of the port logistics research. We expect this study to motivate future research with respect to the economic impacts of port logistics industry.

중국 물류산업의 국민경제 기여도 분석

양영미(Yang, Ying-Fei),서신(Su, Chen),장몽택(Zhang, Meng-Ze) 한국물류학회 2020 물류학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 중국 통계청이 발표한 산업연관표를 활용하여 중국 물류산업의 국민경제 기여도를 분석함으로써 향후 중국 물류산 업의 발전을 위한 정책적 자료로 활용하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 중국 국가 통계청이 2015년 발표한 <2015년 산업연관표 연장표>를 이용하여 기초 분류 42개 산업 중 교통운송, 창고업 및 우편을 물류산업으로 분류하고 물류산업에 대한 경제적 기여도를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 중국 2015년 물류산업의 생산유발계수 열합계는 2.8734, 행 합계는 4.3510, 감응도 계수는 0.0439, 영향력 계수는 0.0290, 소득유발계수는 0.5162, 생산세 유발계수는 0.0726, 부가가치유발계수는 0.9976, 최종수요 10 억 위안이 발생할 경우 노동유발계수는 총1,105.2명(간접819.1명, 직접286.1명) 등을 보여주고 있다. 분석결과에 따라 본문의 시사 점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 물류산업은 전반적으로 제조업보다 낮아 물류산업이 아직 성숙되지 못하기 때문에 정부의 적극적인 지원이나 정책적인 우대가 필요하다. 둘째, 중국 물류산업의 전·후방연쇄효과 모두 1보다 작아 최종 수요적 원시 산업형 산업이 기 때문에 기술적 혁명이나 새로운 운영이념 및 모델이 필요하다. 셋째, 물류산업은 자본, 노동시장에 거대한 경제적 파급효과를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 법적인 규정과 제도의 완비와 시장에 대한 감독이 요구된다. 마지막으로 중국의 급속한 경제성장과 함께 제조업과 서비스업의 균형발전을 염두에 두고 선진국의 성공 경험을 벤치마킹해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of the logistics industry and the economic ripple effect of investment in the logistics industry by analyzing the economic contribution of the Chinese logistics industry by using the interindustry relations table published by the National Statistical Office of China, and to use it as a policy data for the development of Chinese logistic industry in the future. In order to achieve this purpose, the transportation, warehousing and postal services among 42 basic industries were classified as logistics industries by using <the Extension Tables of Interindustry relations table 2015> announced by the National Statistical Office of China in 2017, and the contribution of Chinese logistics industry to national economy and the economic ripple effect of logistics industry investment were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the heat sum of the production inducement coefficient of China’s logistics industry in 2015 was 2.8734, and the row total was 4.3510, the sensitivity coefficient was 0.0439, the influence coefficient was 0.0290, the income inducement coefficient was 0.5162, the production tax inducement coefficient was 0.0726, the value-added inducement coefficient was 0.9976, the value-added inducement coefficient was 0.9976, If the final demand of 1 billion occurs, the labor inducement coefficient is 1,105.2 (indirectly 819.1 and direct 286.1). The implications of the text according to the analysis results are as follows. First, the Chinese logistics industry as a whole is lower than the manufacturing industry, so the government’s active support or policy priority is needed because the logistics industry is not yet mature. Second, both the pre- and rear-end linkage effects of China’s logistics industry are smaller than 1, so technical revolution or new operational ideology and model are needed because it is the final demand primitive industrial type industry. Third, the logistics industry is required to complete legal regulations and systems and supervise the market because it can have huge economic ripple effects on capital and labor markets. Finally, with China’s rapid economic growth and balanced development of manufacturing and service industries in mind, the success experience of advanced countries should be benchmarked.