금융권의 제로 트러스트 보안모델 적용방안에 관한 연구

배재권 글로벌경영학회 2023 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.20 No.5

코로나바이러스 감염증(COVID-19)로 인한 클라우드 컴퓨팅(cloud computing) 기술의 적용확대와 재택근무 및 원격근무의 증가, 이로 인해 변화된 하이브리드 업무환경이 새로운 보안문제를 가져오게 되었다. 전통적인 경계보안모델(Perimeter Security Model)은 네트워크 경계를 명확히 구분하기 어려워 다양한 장치와 환경을 관리하고 보호하는데 한계점을 지닌다. 이를 극복하기 위한 대체 보안전략으로 제안된 제로 트러스트(Zero Trust) 모델은 기업 인프라와 워크플로우를 구성하는 연결 구성요소인 활용자산과 행위주체에 대한 신뢰를 갖지 않는다는 것을 전제로 한다. 금융권은 보안 강화의 수단으로 제로 트러스트 보안모델을 적극적으로 도입하려는 움직임을 보이고 있다. 고도화된 사이버보안위협의 대응 및 보안정책의 강화, 금융권 제로 트러스트 보안모델의 적용가능성 및 필요성에 대한 요구가 확대된 것이다. 본 연구는 금융 거버넌스 및 제로 트러스트 원칙, 성숙도 모델의 요소, 그리고 전문가 인터뷰의 내용 결과를 바탕으로 금융계에 접목할 제로 트러스트 보안모델의 구성요소를 제안하였다. 금융권 제로 트러스트 보안모델은 경계보안계층, 권한정의계층, 행위탐지계층, 내부통제계층의 4계층과 8개의 세부단계로 구성된다. 본 금융권 제로 트러스트 보안모델은 금융권에서 제로 트러스트 도입 시 고려해야 할 핵심요소와 구축단계에 대한 가이드라인을 제시할 것으로 기대한다. The changed hybrid work environment such as the expansion of cloud computing technology and the increase in telecommuting due to the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), has brought about new security problems. The traditional perimeter security model has limitations in protecting various devices and environments because it is difficult to clearly distinguish network boundaries. The Zero Trust model, which has been proposed as an alternative security strategy to overcome this, is based on the premise that there is no trust in the assets and actors that are connected components when configuring corporate infrastructure and workflow. The financial sector is actively seeking to introduce the zero trust security model as a means of strengthening security. Demand for responding to advanced cyber-security threats, strengthening security policies, and applicability and necessity of a zero trust security model in the financial sector has expanded. This study proposed the components of a zero trust security model to be applied to the financial world based on financial governance and zero trust principles, components of the maturity model, and the results of expert interviews. The zero trust security model in the financial sector consists of four layers and eight detailed steps: perimeter security layer, authority definition layer, behavior detection layer, and internal control layer. This zero trust security model for the financial sector is expected to provide guidelines for key elements and construction steps to be considered when introducing zero trust in the financial sector.

식생Canopy모델을 적용한 대기경계층모델의 시뮬레이션

김유봉 ( Yu-bong Kim ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정상철 ( Sang-chul Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2011 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구에 이용한 대기경계층 수치모델에 지표면 경계층 모델을 0차원 식생모델(Model 1)과 1차원 식생모델(Model 2)을 적용하여 그 정도를 검토하기 위하여 관측데이터와 비교 검토하였다. 일존 Kansa영역(240km×240km, 5km), 계산결과를 다중 Nesting method를 적용하여 Kobe(40km×40km, 5km)을 기상장을 2개의 모델을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 고배 지역은 해륙풍에 크게 영향을 받고 있으며, 전형적인 해륙풍이 지배하는 지역이었다. 계산결과와 관측결과(10년간: Kobe, Sanda, Toyonaka, Miki, Kyotanabe)의 풍향풍속을 비교 검토하였다. 낮 시간대에는 두 모델 모두 좋은 상관관계를 보였으나, 밤 시간대에는 모델 1에서 산악지역에서 발달한 육풍이 과대평가되는 경향이 있었다. 이것은 모델 1에서는 단지 조도에 의한 저항만이 고려되었기 때문에 과대평가된 요인이라 사료된다. 하지만, Model 1에서는 식생 내외의 식생저항, 열, 수증기교환을 고려하였기 때문에 모델의 정도성에서 향상되었음을 알 수 있다. In the study, the atmospheric boundary layer model1) was combined with two vegetation models, a zero-dimensional vegetation model(Model1) and a one-dimensional plant canopy model(Model2), which give the surface boundary conditions for the 3-dimensional numerical atmospheric simulations. The models were applied to the Kansai area (240km×240km, 5km), then the nesting technique was applied to give the boundary conditions for the Kobe area(40km×40km, 5km). The Kobe is greatly influenced by the seabreeze. The simulation results of wind vectors was compared with the observed data at Kobe, Sanda, Toyonaka, and Miki for the Kobe area. Both models showed good agreements with the observed data in the daytime. However, Model1 overestimated the wind velocities generated from the mountain in the nighttime. It will be concluded that the 1-dimensional plant canopy model can simulate the complex relationships of the momentum, heat, and water vapor within and above the plant canopy.

지속가능한 비즈니스모델 설계 도구: 소셜벤처 사례를 중심으로

박재환,전혜진 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.1

성공적인 비즈니스를 위해서 지속가능성과 관련된 도전과 기회들을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 기존의 비즈니스모델 캔버스는 사회에 미치는 장기적인 영향과 관계없이 ‘성공’으로 식별되는 비즈니스 모델을 만들 수 있다. 하지만 지속가능한 비즈니스모델에 대한 원칙과 지침이 추가되지 않으면 새로운 한계에 직면할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 경제적인 미션뿐만 아니라 사회적, 환경적 미션을 함께 수행해야하는 소셜벤처를 중심으로 지속가능한 비즈니스 모델 설계를 위한 도구들을 살펴보고 활용도를 모색하는데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 소셜벤처 창업가들의 경영사례를 분석하여 경제적, 환경적, 사회적 세 가지 관점의 비즈니스 모델을 정립하여 지속가능성을 높일 수 있는 기회를 탐색했다. 본 연구는 기존 선행연구의 한계점을 극복하고자 TLBMC (Triple Layered Business Model Canvas)를 사용하여 소셜벤처가 지녀야할 경제적, 환경적, 사회적 관점으로 다양하게 분석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 경제적 요소를 사회적, 환경적 요구와 연결가능한 기회를 살펴보았다. 둘째, 소셜벤처의 특성인 환경적·사회적 관점을 실무에 활용 할 수 있음을 확인했다. 셋째, 소셜벤처 비즈니스 모델의 경험 자료를 구축했다. 본 연구는 질적연구의 특징인 참여자의 관점, 참여자의 의미, 참여자의 다양한 주관적 견해에 초점을 맞추어 진행하여, 도출된 전반적인 의미에 대해 연구자의 주장으로 결론이 마무리되는 사례연구로서의 한계를 가지고 있다. 그러나 본 연구의 새로운 접근법은 향후 지속가능한 성공을 위한 새로운 비즈니스 모델 설계의 기회를 제공하고 있다. 또한 실증연구를 위한 기초단계로서 소셜벤처 비즈니스 모델연구에 기초가 될 수 있을 것이다. 지속가능한 비즈니스의 기회를 이해하기 위해 향후 더 많은 사례연구와 개선된 도구에 대한 검증과 피드백에 관련된 연구가 계속 되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to seek ways of utilizing TLBMC by understanding business model of social ventures that are accompanied by social and environmental as well as economic missions. In order to achieve this, business models from economic, environmental and social perspectives will be analyzed, and we seek to enhance sustainability of social venture entrepreneurs. As the analysis tool, TLBMC(Triple Layered Business Model Canvas) expands upon the business model canvas that is widely utilized and recognizes economical terms. The TLBMC is proposed by Joyce, A., & Paquin, R. L.(2016) to help achieve a holistic view with horizontal and vertical associations. The study tries to overcome limitations of previous studies and observe a variety of economic, environmental, and social perspectives that social ventures should have with the TLBMC. As a result, it has the following implications; Firstly, creating separate social, environmental and economic business model canvas helps a business to have a holistic approach. Secondly, it was found that social venture characteristics of environmental and social perspectives were applied in practice. Lastly, we have established experience data on social venture business model. This study focuses on the opinions, the meanings and the subjective views of the participants. As a result, conclusions are drawn by the researchers ' assertions and has limitations as a research on case studies. However, this study will help people who are preparing or studying social ventures to have economic, environmental, and social perspectives. Also, redefinition of the direction and value of entrepreneurs operating social ventures, such as vision and mission, will help clarify the roles and responsibility of organizations. As a fundamental step for future empirical studies, this study could be the base for social venture business model studies.

Improvement of the condensation heat transfer model of the MARS-KS1.3 code using a modified diffusion layer model

Lee, Jun-Yeob,Jeong, Jae Jun,Kang, Jin-Hoon,Yun, Byongjo Elsevier 2018 Progress in nuclear energy Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The thermal-hydraulic system code, MARS-KS1.3, tends to underestimate the condensation heat transfer under the presence of non-condensable gases. To improve its condensation heat transfer model, we adopted the Herranz's diffusion layer model and further developed it, mainly focusing on thermal-hydraulic conditions in a nuclear containment during a hypothetical accident. Two key modifications include (i) the correlations to calculate heat and mass transfer on a vertical external surface for <I>various flow conditions</I> are adopted and (ii) a <I>turbulent diffusion coefficient</I> is applied to consider the effect of turbulence on mass diffusion.</P> <P>The modified diffusion layer model was implemented into MARS-KS1.3 and it has been validated using 157 condensation experiments from six different facilities. By using the turbulent diffusion coefficient in the modified diffusion layer model, the effect of turbulence on mass diffusion and then condensation was captured very well. For most cases, the results of the modified model are in a better agreement with the experimental data, resulting in a root-mean-square error of 21.3%. It is also shown that the modified diffusion layer model can predict local condensation heat transfer change along the condensation surface well.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MARS-KS1.3 under-predicts condensation in the presence of noncondensable gases. </LI> <LI> The Herranz's diffusion layer model was adopted for the MARS code improvement. </LI> <LI> We considered the effect of turbulence on mass diffusion through diffusion layer. </LI> <LI> The results of the modified model show a better agreement with experimental data. </LI> </UL> </P>

Thermal Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Large Steel Plate Cutting Using Layered Shell Elements

박중구 대한용접·접합학회 2022 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.40 No.3

In this study, plasma cutting deformation of a large plate was simulated by applying a thermal elasto-plastic analy- sis technique using a layered shell elements. First, plasma cutting heat source model was proposed based on double Gaussian distribution model. And the proposed heat source model was compared with the experimental results through heat source parameter tuning. In addition, by applying the adaptive element division technique, we increase the heat flux input accuracy for the heat source concentration in a cutting area. And by applying the element de-acti- vating technique, it was possible to simulate the melted part extinguished by cutting. Thermal elasto-platsic analysis of cutting of large plates was performed using the developed heat source model. To this end, layered shell element was used, and heat flux was applied to each layer of the layered shell element to improve the accuracy of analysis. The analysis result was compared with the experimental result to confirm the analysis accuracy. Through the analy- sis results, the occurrence of rotational deformation and bending deformation that affect the dimensional quality of large plates was verified, and its validity was reviewed by comparing them with the experimental measurement results. In this study, plasma cutting deformation of a large plate was simulated by applying a thermal elasto-plastic analysis technique using a layered shell elements. First, plasma cutting heat source model was proposed based on double Gaussian distribution model. And the proposed heat source model was compared with the experimental results through heat source parameter tuning. In addition, by applying the adaptive element division technique, we increase the heat flux input accuracy for the heat source concentration in a cutting area. And by applying the element de-activating technique, it was possible to simulate the melted part extinguished by cutting. Thermal elasto-platsic analysis of cutting of large plates was performed using the developed heat source model. To this end, layered shell element was used, and heat flux was applied to each layer of the layered shell element to improve the accuracy of analysis. The analysis result was compared with the experimental result to confirm the analysis accuracy. Through the analysis results, the occurrence of rotational deformation and bending deformation that affect the dimensional quality of large plates was verified, and its validity was reviewed by comparing them with the experimental measurement results.

Computation of a Turbulent Natural Convection in a Rectangular Cavity with the Low-Reynolds-Number Differential Stress and Flux Model

Choi, Seok-Ki,Kim, Eui-Kwang,Wi, Myung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-O The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.10

A numerical study of a natural convection in a rectangular cavity with the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model is presented. The primary emphasis of the study is placed on the investigation of the accuracy and numerical stability of the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model for a natural convection problem. The turbulence model considered in the study is that developed by Peeters and Henkes (1992) and further refined by Dol and Hanjalic (2001), and this model is applied to the prediction of a natural convection in a rectangular cavity together with the two-layer model, the shear stress transport model and the time-scale bound ν$^2$- f model, all with an algebraic heat flux model. The computed results are compared with the experimental data commonly used for the validation of the turbulence models. It is shown that the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model predicts well the mean velocity and temperature, the vertical velocity fluctuation, the Reynolds shear stress, the horizontal turbulent heat flux, the local Nusselt number and the wall shear stress, but slightly under-predicts the vertical turbulent heat flux. The performance of the ν$^2$- f model is comparable to that of the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model except for the over-prediction of the horizontal turbulent heat flux. The two-layer model predicts poorly the mean vertical velocity component and under-predicts the wall shear stress and the local Nusselt number. The shear stress transport model predicts well the mean velocity, but the general performance of the shear stress transport model is nearly the same as that of the two-layer model, under-predicting the local Nusselt number and the turbulent quantities.

Layer-wise Semantic Role Labeling with the KR-BERT Language Model

서혜진,김유희,박명관 한국언어학회 2022 언어 Vol.47 No.3

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of semantic role labeling (SRL) predicted by the neural language models (NLMs, or Transformer-based pre-trained models) of Korean. First, the study built two models: the KR-BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model and the KR-BERT-Verb Position Feature (VPF)-BiLSTM-CRF model. The results from testing these two models show that the KR-BERT-VPF-BiLSTM-CRF model (67.3%) outperformed the KR-BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model (66.4%). In addition, this study examined which hidden layer improved the performance of NLMs during training. As expected, the NLM that was trained on the last hidden layer performed better than other alternative options such as the second-to-last-hidden layer and the concatenated last four layers. Thus, this study renders support to the general observation that an NLM should be trained on the last hidden layer to reach the highest performance. This study is meaningful since it is the first attempt to investigate which hidden layer is useful to train NLMs in SRL tasks of Korean.

Modeling of dynamic recrystallization in white layer in dry hard cutting by finite element—cellular automaton method

Duan Chunzheng,Zhang Fangyuan,Qin Siwei,Sun Wei,Wang Minjie 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.9

White layer formed in hard cutting process has great influence on surface quality of the workpiece, simulation of the white layer has great significance. Dynamic recrystallization critical temperature model is derived to calculate the critical temperature of the dynamic recrystallization in the white layer. A finite element model was developed to simulate the hard cutting process based on the JohnsonCook constitutive equation. The dynamic recrystallization critical temperature was derived based on the true stress-strain curves obtained by the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments. The cellular automaton model which aims to simulate the white layer grains formed by the dynamic recrystallization process in hard cutting is established. The temperature and strain data extracted from the finite element model are used in the cellular automaton model. The contrast between the simulation and experimental results demonstrates that the cellular automaton model can simulate the dynamic recrystallization process in the white layer accurately. The dynamic recrystallization processes in the white layer under different cutting speed and flank wear are simulated based on the finite element - cellular automaton model. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization grain size of the white layer decreases with the increase in cutting speed and tool wear.

난류흐름의 화학적 동역학 모델 (TKM) 개발: 대류경계층 내의 NO_x-O₃ 단순 광화학 기작에 대한 난류혼합의 영향 연구

김미숙 ( Mi-sug Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2017 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.18 No.2

많은 환경모델에서는 물질의 이송 또는 확산현상에서의 난류의 영향을 잘 묘사하면서도 보통 2 개의 반응물질에 대한 화학반응속도에서는 난류의 영향이 무시된 평균값만을 표기한다. 본 연구에서는 난류의 영향이 고려된 비선형의 2차 화학반응속도로 표현된 1차원 수직 난류흐름의 화학적 동역학 모델(1-D TKM)을 개발하였으며 그 첫 번째 적용사례를 제시하였다. 연구목적은 한 낮에 형성되는 대기의 대류혼합층(CBL) 내에서 상호작용하는 두 물질(지표에서 배출되는 물질 A와 대류혼합층의 상부로부터 유입되는 물질 B)간의 불완전 혼합과정을 정량적으로 설명하는 것으로 비균질의 CBL내에서 두 물질간의 하향식-상향식 확산에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 기존의 다른 모델형식과 비교하였다. 완전혼합을 가정하는 CBL에서 난류의 영향은 거의 무시될 수 있었으나 하층부와 상층부에서는 분리의 영향과 유입농도는 화학적 특성에 매우 민감하였으며 물리적 특성과 수치해석에는 덜 민감하였다. 반응속도 상수에 가장 민감한 인자로는 분리영향이며 상부의 유입농도의 영향은 매우 작았고 지표의 배출인자의 민감도는 그 특성에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. Numerous environmental models well describe turbulent effects on transport and dispersion phenomena. However, a chemical reaction rate between two species uses an only mean value ignored the turbulent effect. This study aims at developing a simple one-dimensional model to quantitatively account for turbulence-induced incomplete mixing of two interacting chemical species. Top-down and bottom-up(TDBU) diffusion of two reactive species in an inhomogeneous convective boundary layer(CBL) are simulated by means of 1-D vertical turbulent chemical kinetics model(TKM). The model incorporates an asymmetric convective model(ACM) scheme and a concentration field splitting method(CSM) using a phenomenal extent of reaction. The derived governing equations are integrated using forward finite differences. The TKM is applied to both irreversible and reversible reactions between ozone and nitric oxide in the summer daytime convective atmospheric boundary layer. Results, in the form of vertical profiles of reactants concentrations and intensities of segregation in the convective boundary layer show that for both the irreversible and reversible reactions, segregation is significant near the boundaries where the reactants sources are located. Segregation for the irreversible reaction is everywhere larger than for the reversible reaction because the photolysis of NO₂ tends to increase the NO concentrations while the covariances of the reacting species remain relatively constant. Comparison of the reactant concentrations from the TKM to a conventional kinetic model(CKM) that ignores effects of segregation reveals consistency in that everywhere in the CBL the TKM results lie between a no-reaction case and the CKM results.

레이다를 이용한 토양 수분함유량 측정에서 초목 층의 영향 분석

박신명(Sinmyong Park),오이석(Yisok Oh) 한국전자파학회 2016 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.27 No.7

본 논문에서는 초목 층 산란모델과 지표면 산란 모델을 이용하여 초목 층에서 수분함유량 측정에 초목 층과 레이다 파라미터가 갖는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 1<SUP>st</SUP>-order RTM(Radiative Transfer Model)을 이용하여 여러 상태의 초목 층밀도와 입사각, 주파수, 편파를 갖는 데이터베이스를 생성하고, WCM(Water Cloud Model)과 Oh 모델을 이용하여 후방산란계수로부터 지표면 수분함유량을 추출하였다. 수분함유량 추출 에러를 예측하기 위해 추출한 수분함유량과 RTM의 입력 변수인 수분함유량을 비교하였다. 수분함유량 추출 에러로부터 초목 층에서의 수분함유량 측정에서 초목 층 밀도와 입사각, 주파수, 편파에 따른 초목 층과 레이다 파라미터의 영향을 분석하였다. This paper presents the effect of vegetation layer and radar parameters on soil moisture measurement using the vegetation layer scattering model and surface scattering model. The database of backscattering coefficients for various vegetation layer densities, incidence angles, frequencies, and polarizations is generated using 1<SUP>st</SUP>-order RTM(Radiative Transfer Model). Then, surface soil moisture contents were estimated from the backscattering coefficients in the database using the WCM(Water Cloud Model) and Oh model. The retrieved soil moisture contents were compared with the soil moisture contents in the input parameters of the RTM to estimate the retrieval errors. The effects of vegetation layer and radar parameters on soil moisture measurement are analyzed using the retrieval errors.