Study on the Question Types of the Korean Language Proficiency Test and Korean Language Proficiency of Learners at the Intermediate Level: Focusing on analysis of the grade 3 written test

김혜진 국제한국언어문화학회 2015 한국언어문화학 Vol.12 No.1

The Korean Language Proficiency Test is a test of Korean language proficiency organized by the Korean Language Proficiency Association in Japan for people with the Japanese language as their mother tongue. The number of examinees has increased since the first test was held in June of 1993. Qualification items and methods were newly revised in 2006 to upgrade practical communication among Korean language learners. However, it may be said that there are not many studies on question types or learning phases of the Korean Language Proficiency Test, even though it examines Korean language proficiency. The purpose of this study is to consider the contents and types of questions in the Korean Language Proficiency Test (grade 3), which objectively assesses Korean language proficiency, and investigate which parts are difficult for Japanese learners through test results. Grade 3 of the Korean Language Proficiency Test is for intermediate level learners with questions consisting of understanding Korean phonological phenomena, words and common expressions at the intermediate level, how to write Chinese characters with Korean letters, completing conversations, translating Korean to Japanese and vice versa, selecting markers and predicate application at the intermediate level, reading long sentences and understanding meaning. In addition, the study analyzes the percentage of correct answers for each question and type in reference to the test results of Japanese students who took level 3 of the 41st Korean Language Proficiency Test to assess the learning capability of students who took Korean language classes in colleges and universities and investigates the Korean language proficiency of Japanese learners at the intermediate level.

한글능력검정시험의 문항 유형과 중급단계 학습자의 한국어 숙달도에 관한 연구 - 3급 필기시험 결과분석을 중심으로 -

김혜진 국제한국언어문화학회 2015 한국언어문화학 Vol.12 No.1

한글능력검정시험은 일본에서 실시되는 한국어 숙달도를 평가하는 시험으로 일본어 모어 화자를 대상으로 한다. 1993년 6월에 제1회 시 험이 실시된 이후에 수험자 수는 매년 증가하는 추세이며, 2006년에 는 한국어 학습자들의 실전적인 커뮤니케이션 능력을 높이기 위하여 새롭게 출제기준과 출제형식도 개정되었다. 그러나 아직까지 한글능 력검정시험에 관한 연구는 그다지 이루어지지 않은 상태라 할 수 있 다. 본 논문은 한글능력검정시험(제41회) 3급의 필기시험 문제의 평가 항목을 유형별로 [음운현상], [단어와 관용표현], [한자어 읽기], [동사 와 형용사의 활용형], [대화문 완성], [번역], [조사], [장문독해]의 총 8 부문으로 분류하고, 한글능력검정시험에서 중급레벨에 해당하는 3급 을 응시한 일본 대학생들의 시험결과를 통하여 중급 학습자의 한국어 숙달도에 관하여 고찰하였다. Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture 12-1, 53-77. The Korean Language Proficiency Test is a test of Korean language proficiency organized by the Korean Language Proficiency Association in Japan for people with the Japanese language as their mother tongue. The number of examinees has increased since the first test was held in June of 1993. Qualification items and methods were newly revised in 2006 to upgrade practical communication among Korean language learners. However, it may be said that there are not many studies on question types or learning phases of the Korean Language Proficiency Test, even though it examines Korean language proficiency. The purpose of this study is to consider the contents and types of questions in the Korean Language Proficiency Test (grade 3), which objectively assesses Korean language proficiency, and investigate which parts are difficult for Japanese learners through test results. Grade 3 of the Korean Language Proficiency Test is for intermediate level learners with questions consisting of understanding Korean phonological phenomena, words and common expressions at the intermediate level, how to write Chinese characters with Korean letters, completing conversations, translating Korean to Japanese and vice versa, selecting markers and predicate application at the intermediate level, reading long sentences and understanding meaning. In addition, the study analyzes the percentage of correct answers for each question and type in reference to the test results of Japanese students who took level 3 of the 41st Korean Language Proficiency Test to assess the learning capability of students who took Korean language classes in colleges and universities and investigates the Korean language proficiency of Japanese learners at the intermediate level. (Tohoku Gakuin University)

터키 거주 한국 선교사 자녀들의 모국어 숙달도에 관여하는 변인 연구

최정희(Jung hee Choi),김성운(Sung woon Kim),김정남(Jung nam Kim) 한국선교신학회 2013 선교신학 Vol.34 No.-

This study aims to study factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency for Korean Missionaries' Kids (MK) dwelling in Turkey. 45 Korean MKs were asked to answer three different questionnaires designated to investigate Korean language proficiency, cultural identity and demographic background. This study adopts altered TOPIK for the evaluation of Korean language proficiency, and focuses on finding out the relationship of Korean proficiency with sexuality, age, age at immigration to Turkey, years of Korean study, self-recognition of cultural identity, cultural identity of Korea, and cultural identity of Turkey. The SPSS for windows 17was used for the statistical analysis. Ethnic Identity Scale was measured with the KAEIS that was developed by Ahn(1999) and Proficiency Test that was selected by TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korea) session 19, 20. Cronbach α for cultural identity of Korea was 0.823 and Cronbach α for cultural identity of Turkey was 0.691. Internal consistency reliability for Korean proficiency test was 0.891. The result shows that cultural identity of Korea and age at immigration to Turkey have significant relationship with level of Korean proficiency, especially age at immigration to Turkey has more significant relationship with the proficiency. The result from this study helps to recognize factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency. Especially, the Korean proficiency of MKs who live in Turkey has a close relationship with Korean cultural identity. These facts indicate that not only the Korean education are required to effectively increase the korean education itself, but also developing the pride of being Korean are needed to be followed up as well.

여성결혼이민자의 한국어읽기능력과 관련 요인

양숙자,안지숙,한은주 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate level of Korean reading comprehension proficiency and its related sociodemographic characteristics among married immigrant women in Korea. Data was collected from 193 married immigrant women who came from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other countries. Korean reading comprehension proficiency was measured using 30 items of reading section from Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) (Cronbach’s α=.886) by National Institute for International Education. The average score of Korean reading comprehension proficiency was 70.71. Married immigrant women from Japanese and Mongolia (F=5.51, p<.011), with longer time since immigration (F=24.54, p<.001), higher educational attainment (F=12.79, p<.001), more number of family (F=5.30, p=.006), and more number of parity (F=8.93, p<.001) reported greater levels of Korean reading comprehension proficiency. Also, married immigrant women with higher level of subjective Korean speaking proficiency (F=29.30, p<.001), subjective Korean listening proficiency (F=28.63, p<.001), subjective Korean reading comprehension proficiency (F=27.82, p<.001), and subjective Korean writing proficiency (F=27.93, p<.001) reported higher score of Korean reading comprehension proficiency. These findings can be used for community health care providers to develop health education programs or information materials about health promotion and management for married immigrant women. 본 연구는 여성결혼이민자를 대상으로 한국어읽기능력과 이와 관련된 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 한국인 남성과 국제 결혼하여 국내 거주하고 있는 여성결혼이민자 193명이었으며, 한국어읽기능력은 한국어능력시험 공인기관인 국립국제교육원의 한국어능력시험(Test of Proficiency in Korean, TOPIK)의 읽기영역 30개 문항으로 평가하였다. 연구 대상자의 한국어읽기능력은 70.71점(100점 만점)이었으며, 문항유형별로 평균 정답률은 문맥에 알맞은 말 찾기가 87.8%로 가장 높았으나, 맥락에 맞는 어휘 고르기는 45.6%로 가장 낮았다. 한국어읽기능력은 거주지(F=6.77, p=.001), 출신국(F=5.51, p<.001), 한국체류기간(F=24.54, p<.001), 교육수준(F=12.79, p<.001), 동거가족수(F=5.30, p=.006), 자녀수(F=8.93, p<.001)에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 한국어능력의 말하기(F=29.30, p<.001), 듣기(F=28.63, p<.001), 쓰기(F=27.93, p<.001), 읽기(F=27.82, p<.001)를 잘 한다고 할수록 한국어읽기능력이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여성결혼이민자의 사회문화적응 수준의 지표인 한국어읽기능력에 대한 정보는 이들의 언어 수준에 맞는 건강유지․증진 및 건강관리에 필요한 건강정보 자료를 개발하는데 유용하게 활용될 것이다.

재한 중국인 유학생의 한국어능력과 학업성취도 간의 상관관계 연구

안위 ( Wei Yan ),최영 ( Ying Cui ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2016 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.44 No.-

There are more than 60,000 Chinese students studying in South Korean universities. In order to gain admissions, these students are required to submit their scores on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK). Despite the wide acceptance of TOPIK scores as an admission criterion among Korean universities, little research has been conducted to examine whether TOPIK measures the Korean proficiency needed in academic settings. This study investigated the relationship between Korean proficiency (including TOPIK) and Chinese students’ academic success in Korean universities. Questionnaires were issued and collected from 138 undergraduate and 63 graduate Chinese students studying in 27 different Korean universities. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were conducted to explore the contribution of Korean proficiency. The results indicate that both undergraduate and graduate participants’ GPAs are significantly correlated with the TOPIK score along with self-perceived Korean proficiency and the length of previous Korean study. Self-perceived Korean proficiency can be a better predictor than the TOPIK and three different indicators captured different aspects of Korean proficiency. These findings suggest that TOPIK has a significant small to medium predictive effect on academic success and serves well as an admission requirement.

탈북 청소년들의 한국어 숙달도에 관여하는 변인 분석 및 성공적 북한 선교를 위한 제언

최정희(Jung hee Choi),김성운(Sung woon Kim),김정남(Jung nam Kim) 한국선교신학회 2014 선교신학 Vol.35 No.-

This study aims to study factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency for North Korean Refugee Adolescents dwelling in Korea. 30 North Korean Refugee Adolescents were asked to answer three different questionnaires designated to investigate Korean language proficiency, Acculturative Stress and demographic background. This study adopts altered TOPIK for the evaluation of Korean language proficiency, and focuses on finding out the relationship of Korean language proficiency with sexuality, age, years of Korean study, and duration of dwelling in China. The SPSS for windows 15 was used for the statistical analysis. Acculturative Stress Scale was measured with the ASIS that was developed by Sandhuand Asrabadi(1994) and Proficiency Test that was selected by TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korea) session 22, 23. Cronbach α for Acculturative Stress Scale was 0.898. Internal consistency reliability for Korean proficiency test was 0.897. The result shows that learning methods(Korean friends or books), duration of stay in China, Korean use, learning period, age, and gender have significant relationship with level of Korean proficiency, especially periods living in China has more significant relationship with the proficiency. The result from this study helps to recognize factors affecting level of Korean language proficiency. Specifically, the Korean proficiency of North Korean Refugee Adolescents who live in Korea has a close relationship with Acculturative Stress Scale. These facts indicate that not only the Korean education are required to effectively increase the Korean education itself, but also developing the competency of Cultural Acculturation are needed to be followed up as well for North Korean Mission.

국어교육,한국어교육 : 한국어능력시험의 말하기 평가 도입 방안 제안 -ACTFL-OPI의 말하기 평가를 중심으로-

정원기 ( Won Ki Jung ) 한성대학교 한성어문학회 2015 漢城語文學 Vol.34 No.-

모든 언어는 그에 맞는 평가가 존재한다. 한국어 역시 그에 맞는 평가가 있다. 이러한 평가는 교수자에게는 교수법에 대한 변화를 구축할 수있고 학습자에게는 다음 단계를 위한 준비가 될 수 있을 것이다. 한국어능력시험(Test of Proficiency in Korean)이 진행 된지도 20년이 다되어간다. 한국어능력시험(Test of Proficiency in Korean) 평가 역시 많은 개선방향을 통해 현재에 이르고 있다. 한국어를 외국어로 학습하는 학습자들에게는 한국어능력시험이 한국어를 평가할 수 있는 유일한 평가 기준이 되고 있다. 하지만 아직 한국어능력시험에 학습자의 말하기를 평가할 수있는 그 기준이나 말하기 평가는 이루어지지 않고 계속 제언만을 하고 있다. 2004년부터 말하기 평가의 도입방안에 대한 또는 말하기 평가 연구에 대한 많은 연구가 있지만 모두 성취도 평가에서의 말하기 평가 방안에 대한 연구가 다수이고 숙달도 평가에서의 말하기 평가에 대한 연구들은 현재 가장 활발히 이루어지고 있는 외국어 말하기 평가 ACTFL을 활용한 말하기 평가의 연구가 가장 많다. 본 연구에서는 한국어능력시험에서 말하기 평가 도입 방안에 대해 현재 국내 및 해외에서 진행되고 있는 외국어 말하기 평가의 현황을 살펴보고 한국어능력시험(Test of Proficiency in Korean)에서 말하기 평가 도입 방안을 제안하고자 한다. All languages exist rated accordingly. Korean also has evaluated accordingly. These assessments will be ready for the next step for the learner can build a change in the teaching methods for instructors. TOPIK(Test of Proficiency in Korean) is this all goes this proceeding became 20 years. TOPIK(Test of Proficiency in Korean) has reached the current rating also improved through a number of directions.Korean as a foreign language learners to learn the Korean language proficiency test for this has been the only criterion for evaluating a Korean. But he has yet to say or evaluation criteria to assess the learner``s speaking in Korean language proficiency test is only a suggestion and continue not carried out.Since 2004, saying a lot of research on, or speaking assessment study on the introduction of measures of assessment, but both numerous studies on speaking Assessment of the performance assessment and research for speech evaluation in proficiency assessments are currently the most actively made the study of foreign language speaking a speaking assessment utilizing the evaluation ACTFL most often. In this study, we propose a speech evaluation when introducing improvements in Korean as a foreign language now look at the situation of foreign language speaking ongoing evaluation from domestic and abroad meet him for speaking assessment measures introduced in the Korean language proficiency test.

중국인 학습자의 한국어 숙련도에 따른 한국어 파열음과 파찰음의 변별 지각 양상

류나영 국제한국어교육학회 2016 한국어 교육 Vol.27 No.4

Na-Young Ryu. 2016. Effects of L2 proficiency on Mandarin speakers’ perception of Korean stops and affricates. Journal of Korean Language Education 27-4: 35-56. This study investigates the degree of categoriality and discrimination accuracy in the perception of the three-way contrast in Korean stops and affricates by Mandarin speakers. The participants for this study include 44 Mandarin speakers who differ in Korean proficiency level and a control group of 13 native Korean speakers. Perceptual accuracy is assessed through an AX discrimination and an identification task. The result indicates that L2 proficiency plays a significant role in non-native speech perception. Overall, Mandarin listeners with more Korean language proficiency respond to the contrasts more like native Korean speakers than those with less proficiency. However, Mandarin learners of Korean have more difficulty perceiving lenis than aspirated and fortis, while they have less difficulty distinguishing aspirated from lenis and fortis regardless of their proficiency level in Korean. This finding suggests that Mandarin learners rely solely on VOT, which is a primary cue in their native language, when differentiating the Korean contrast, whereas native speakers of Korean use both VOT and F0 to distinguish the contrast. In light of this observation, Mandarin speakers who learn Korean as a foreign language need to focus on both VOT and F0 in order to increase their accuracy in the perception of the Korean contrasts. (University of Toronto)

LexTALE-Korean의 개발과 타당성 검증: 효율적인 한국어 어휘 평가 도구

손옥현,유수린,윤홍옥 한국언어정보학회 2022 언어와 정보 Vol.26 No.2

This study aimed to develop the Korean-version LexTALE and examine its effectiveness in estimating Korean learners’ proficiency. 41 advanced and intermediate Korean learners participated in a web-based lexical decision task in which 120 Korean words and nonwords were tested. They also took part in a reading comprehension task and a cloze task. The results from a series of logistic mixed-effect models revealed that first, the LexTALE-Kr accuracy significantly differed between language groups in a way that Korean natives obtained higher scores than Korean learners, and advanced Korean learners gained higher scores than intermediate Korean learners. Second, the effect of lexical frequency on lexical decision accuracy was significant, and its effect was the biggest in advanced Korean learners. Third, the scores obtained from the reading and cloze tasks significantly accounted for the accuracy variances of Korean learners. Taken together, our results supported the claim that the simple and low-cost online test evaluating learners’ lexical knowledge is adequate to estimate the goodness of learners’ proficiency as much as complex and high-cost comprehensive examinations like TOPIK.

재미 동포의 언어 정체성과 한국어 능력에 대한 세대별 비교 분석 연구

원미진 ( Mijin Won ) 이중언어학회 2015 이중언어학 Vol.60 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the language use patterns of Korean-Americans by comparing the characteristics of 1st, 1,5th and 2nd generation in the USA. The data revealed that there is significant difference between the perception on the necessity of the language proficiency and the perception on the language identity. Korean Americans perceive the necessity of English proficiency is slightly stronger than the necessity of Koreanproficiency. This result reflects that Korean Americans generally put more importance on the language of their residential country and it is not different from the previous research results on Korean residents in China and the CIS. However, the percentage of Koreans who perceive Korean language as their mother tongue is higher in the US, comparing to China and the CIS. Therefore, Korean Americans show more positive perception on Korean language and culture than English and American culture. Based on the analysis by the immigrant generation variable, the first-generation immigrants show high proficiency in Korean language in all areas, whereas the second-generation immigrants show the opposite results. For the 1.5th generation immigrants, there was no significant difference between their Korean and English language proficiency. The variable of the immigrant generation was the most significant variable to the language use of Korean Americans due to the uniqueness of Korean American society where different generations are still residing closely and where there is still active inflow of first-generation immigrants from Korea to the US. This phenomenon is unlike other Korean residents in China and the CIS and will be a positive evidence of maintaining Korean in the USA. (Yonsei University)