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일본의 장애인 분야 공적개발원조(ODA) 사업의 고찰과 시사점 : 일본국제협력기구(JICA)를 중심으로
조흥식,김진우,김용득,서동명,고미선,김준영 한국장애인복지학회 2013 한국장애인복지학 Vol.- No.21
The present study aims to examine the current status and strategies of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) regarding the disability field since that is one of the distinguishing sectors of JICA and then to discuss its implications to the Korean ODA policy. For this purpose, a literature review and a field study were undertaken. The research findings showed that JICA’s ODA in the disability field is based on a twin-track approach that is mainly consists of two measures, empowerment and mainstreaming of persons with disabilities in developing countries. More specifically, empowerment-type assistance refers to direct assistance and improvement of conditions and environment for persons with disabilities while mainstreaming encourages the full participation of persons with disabilities in JICA’s projects and the application of barrier-free policy and universal design within physical environment. Results of the current study indicate that it is essential to establish long-term visions for the Korean ODA framework regarding the disability field which are empowerment and mainstreaming. Furthermore, they imply the importance of developing specific policies and a related delivery system in implementing ODA projects of persons with disabilities in Korea. 본 연구에서는 장애영역을 ODA의 독자영역으로 설정하고 실행하고 있는 JICA의 장애인분야 ODA의 현황과 전략을 살펴보고, 이를 통해서 한국 ODA에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하는 목적으로 문헌조사와 현장방문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, JICA의 장애인분야 ODA는 개발도상국 장애인의 역량강화와 주류화를 축으로 하는 이중트랙접근에 기반을 두고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 역량강화 사업은 장애인에 대한 직접지원과 환경 및 조건을 개발하는 것으로 주류화는 사회참여의 여건을 조성하고 물리적 환경에서의 유니버설 디자인과 배리어프리 정책을 적용하는 것을 주 내용으로 하고 있다. 그러나 실제로는 도움을 받는 수요자 입장을 간과한 채 공여국의 입장을 내 세운 측면을 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 우리나라의 장애인분야 ODA 추진에 있어서 역량강화와 주류화라고 하는 장기적인 두 가지 방향의 설정과 이에 기반을 둔 구체적인 정책 설계와 전달체계 구축에서 수요자의 입장을 중시하여야 한다는 점에서 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.
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일본정부의 일계인(日係人) 정책 : JICA의 해외일계인 지원 사업을 중심으로
송석원 사단법인 한국민족연구원 2009 민족연구 Vol.0 No.37
The most essential part of a policy on overseas Japanese run by Japanese government is to make sure that every Japanese is safe when abroad. Information is offered to its people at every second and they, who have Japanese nationality, also are educated how to be safe. In addition to that, Japanese government tries to provide a wide range of support to residents abroad Nikkeijins even though they are not citizens of Japan. Strictly speaking, these Nikkeijins are not 'Japanese' but Japan's support reached?even them within the category of overseas Japanese to establish its own identity. This is because the country considers Nikkeijin as a national property, 'Japanese people.' Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), the organization of serving supplies to developing countries by Japanese administration, plays the both role of planning and implementing Nikkeijin policy. It not only carries out a beneficial project to upgrade Nikkeijin community but also actively give information of that society to Japanese living in their own country. This govermentally-formed idea is based on a belief that Nikkeijin being successful, respectable people is advantageous for Nikkeijin himself, the nation he lives now, and eventually Japan. So far, the Nikkeijin policy shows excellent results, We see a typical example of that in case of Nikkeijin President of Peru, Hujimori, though he has been evaluated in very different, debatable ways after stepping down. A majority of influential politicians, scholars, scientists, and economists have been produced within the Nikkeijin community in America ,which has one of the biggest Nikkeijin society with Brazil.
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정민정,이승호 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2022 東南亞硏究 Vol.32 No.2
This study evaluates Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects in Thailand regarding flood risk management from 2011 to 2013. The study highlights two flood risk management projects in Thailand with the support of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) after the 2011 floods, namely the Project for the Comprehensive Flood Management Plan for the Chao Phraya River Basin and the Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agriculture Sector. The SFDRR is deployed for evaluating the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) activities and the OECD evaluation criteria for assessing planning, implementation, and result of the projects. The JICA tailored technology transfer and capacity building for Thailand’s needs and priorities through both scientific data and local knowledge. Achievements of the project did not last for long because of a lack of Thai stakeholders’ commitment and JICA’s post-project management. The responsible Thai entities did not follow up the formulation of the Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) plans provided by the JICA, and there were no CBDRM plans retained in rural areas after the 2011 Floods. It is concluded that a development agency should consider impacts and sustainability of flood risk management projects more carefully at the stage of planning, and the practical application of knowledge, and technologies should also be monitored progressively after the completion of the project.
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조혜승(Cho, Hye-Seung),김기석(Kim, Ki-Seok) 한국비교교육학회 2013 比較敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.6
이 연구는 한국과 일본의 기초교육분야 공적개발원조(ODA)를 비교분석하여 그 현황과 특징을 드러낸 연구이다. 이를 위해 한국과 일본의 ODA 추진체제, 정책, 기초교육 ODA의 규모와 추이, 유형별 특징을 검토하였다. 연구결과, 한국과 일본의 ODA 추진체제, 정책 틀, 기초교육의 목표가 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 한국의 기초교육 ODA는 규모가 미흡할 뿐만 아니라, 지원비율도 일정치 않았다. 유형별 특징으로는 한국의 기초교육 ODA가 건립사업과 초등교육에 국한되어 있어, '기초교육'을 한정적으로 정의하고 있음이 드러났다. 한국 기초교육 ODA의 개선을 위한 제언으로 '기초교육'을 어떻게 정의할 것인지에 대한 이론적인 논의와 한국의 교육발전경험을 토대로 한 기초교육 ODA에 대한 체계적인 연구가 필요함을 제안하였다. This study examines the current status and characteristics of the official development assistance (ODA) in South Korea and Japan regarding basic education with particular focus on the structure and policy framework of ODA as well as the trend, and type characteristics. This study argues that South Korea adopted to a considerable degree its ODA structure, policy framework and the goal of basic education from Japan without much attention to its own ODA development. It is also suggested that the scale of South Korea's basic education ODA was minimal in volume and inconsistent in content while the limited conceptualization of 'basic education ODA' in Korea is confined to 'primary education' and 'elementary school constructions'. Based on findings, this study draws some important implications for the improvement of basic education ODA in South Korea. In order to improve basic education ODA, South Korea needs to not only increase the scale of the ODA but also develop the effective strategy within the limited ODA size. Theoretical discussions on the 'definition of basic education' as well as rigorous research on the comparative advantages of South Korean ODA based on its educational development experience are critical. In addition, it is urgently required that not only 'education for human resource development' but also 'education as human rights' to be considered in the basic education ODA.
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