인천국제공항의 효율성 평가의 실증 분석

( Bong Chan Ha ),( Sang Young Moon ) 한국생산성학회 2014 生産性論集 Vol.28 No.4

Incheon International Airport is a gateway to Korea since its opening in 2001. Incheon international airport has posted significant growth in various indices. Passenger and cargo traffic at Incheon International Airport show upward trend since its opening. As well as Incheon International Airport has posted significant growth in various indices maintaining its outstanding status as a hub airport in Northeast Asia, a share of non-aero revenue shows increasing trend since 2007. Revenue which is the most frequent output measure of airport can be divided into aero and non-aero revenues. The objective of this study is to analyze whether there is improvement of operational efficiency and to determine the factors affecting operational efficiency of Incheon International Airport using Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method Since Data Envelopment Analysis which is frequently used to analyze effectiveness of infrastructure such as ports and airport gives only absolute measures and distance from the frontier so that it is not easy to measure how good the value relatively is. Revenue and costs are used as performance data for empirical analysis. It is found that there is self-improvement of Incheon International Airport because Korean government stops subsidy to Incheon Airport from 2008. It is found that there is improvement in operational efficiency of Incheon International Airport since its opening 2001. It looks as if there is improvement in aeronautical operation of Incheon International Airport. Also increases in non-aero revenue stimulate total revenue of the airport. However, there is no distinct evidence that there is improvement of operational efficiency of Incheon International Airport in terms of aero-revenue. Finally, it is found that Incheon international airport focuses on effectiveness by expanding business boundary rather than efficiency by increasing internal competitiveness. It is known that major airports in the world including Incheon International Airport try to reduce fees from airline company, cargo company, and passenger to increase traffic volume and competitiveness since there are fierce competition in airport industry, especially in Asia. This may be the reason why aero revenue does not contribute improvement of operational efficiency of Incheon International airport.

인천국제공항 테러방지 대책 연구

선계훈 원광대학교 경찰학연구소 2016 경찰학논총 Vol.11 No.2

한국은 2001년 3월 29일 인천국제공항을 개항 하였다. 인천국제공항은 시설과여객 수송과 물류 수송에 있어서 세계 일류공항으로 손색이 없다. 세계는 경제교류가 급증하고 그 중심에 공항이 있다. 테러의 목표는 많지만, 공항은 항상 테러의 주요 대상이다. 현대사회의 테러는 불특정 다수에 대한 잔혹한 범죄로 세계는 테러에몸살을 앓고 있고, 한국도 예외는 아니다. 본 논문은 인천공항을 중심으로 연구했다. 연구목적은 인천국제공항의 안전이다. 인천국제공항은 개항하면서 김포국제공항과는 다른 보안검색과 시설경비체제로 대테러활동을 하고 있다. 인천국제공항은 국가기관이 테러예방활동을 하는 것이 아니라 수익자부담원칙에 따라 민간업자가 대테러활동을 하고 있는 것이다. 인천공항은 테러를 막을 수 있을까? 인천국제공항이 활용하는 수익자부담원칙은 안정된 선진국 체제다. 한국은 북한 등이 있어 안전한 나라가 아니어서 안전을 위해 동맹국과 협력 체제를 유지하고 있다. 이것은 한국도 테러로부터 안전하지 않다는 사실이다. 인천국제공항은 밀입국자가 빈번히 들어오고 있다. 그들이 테러범이라면, 인천국제공항은 이미 테러가 발생했을 것이다. 테러의 위험성을 생각해보면, 한국은 수익자부담원칙은 부담이 된다. 연구방법은 세계 테러범죄의 패러다임의 변화와 사례를 중심으로 연구하였다. 사례는 두 가지가 있다. 첫 번째는 직접 공항을 상대로 테러행위를 자행하는 것이고, 또 하나는 공항의 허술한 보안검색과 시설경비를 통과하여 항공기에 탑승한 후 테러의 목적을 달성하는 것이다. 따라서 공항 관련 테러는 궁극적으로 공항 보안검색과 시설경비에 달려 있다. 공항의 테러의 사례를 중심으로 분석해봄으로서 안전한공항체제를 도출해 볼 것이다. 결론은 인천국제공항은 시설경비와 보안검색 체제를 공권력체제로 전환해야 한다는 것이다. 1986년 김포국제공항의 테러의 발생은 모든 체제를 경찰이 담당하도록하였다. 이후에는 한 건의 밀입국 사건이나 테러 등이 발생하지 않았다. 우리는 공항에서 테러를 예방할 수 있는 핵심은 현장 근무자라는 사실을 잊어서는 안 된다. 현대 테러의 양상으로 볼 때, 인천공항의 시설경비와 보안검색은 국가관 있고 공권력이 있는 국가기관이 담당해야 한다고 생각한다. South Korea's Incheon International Airport was opened March 29, 2001. Incheon International Airport is not comparable to world-class airport facilities and passenger transport in the logistics and transport. The world is a rapidly economic exchange and airport at the center. Although the goal of the terrorist is large, the airport is always a prime target of terrorism. Terrorism in contemporary society is confused by the brutal crimes against unspecified, South Korea is no exception. This paper has studied around the Incheon International Airport. The purpose of study is safety of Incheon International Airport. Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport has opened a counter-terrorism activities with other security systems and facilities expenses. Incheon International Airport is not prevent terrorist activities by the country, and that the private contractor prevent counter-terrorism activities, according to the principle of benefit assessment. Can Incheon International Airport prevent terrorism? Principle of benefit assessment to take advantage of the Incheon International Airport is the system stable industrialized countries. The Republic of Korea is not a safe country because of North Korea. Allies have maintained cooperation for safety. This is not the fact that Korea is safe from terrorism. Incheon International Airport is coming in frequently smuggled parties. If they are terrorists, Incheon International Airport will have already occurred terrorism. Think of the dangers of terrorism, South Korea is not right on principle of benefit assessment. Methods were studied around the change of paradigm and cases of the criminal world terrorism. There are two cases. The first is to commit terrorist acts directly against the airport, another one will pass through the lax security and the security guards at the airport to achieve the objectives of terrorism after boarding the aircraft. Therefore the airport-related terrorism is ultimately depend on airport security and facility security. The Case Analysis of Terrorism at the airport saw derive a secure system. The conclusion is Incheon International Airport should switch the system to search facility security guards and public power system. Gimpo International Airport attacks occurred in 1986 was responsible for all this to the police system. After that incident did not occur, such as smuggling or terrorism. Still not too late. The key to prevent terrorism from the airport should not forget the fact that the field workers. In terms of aspects of modern terrorism, Incheon airport facilities and security guards will think it should be handled by national authorities.

인천국제공항 장기전략 수립 방향성에 관한 연구

신태진 ( Tae-jin Shin ),김지희 ( Ji-hee Kim ),이윤철 ( Yun-cheol Lee ) 한국항공경영학회 2016 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.14 No.3

인천공항은 2001년 개항 이래 한국의 관문 공항으로 서비스 차원에서 세계 최고 공항으로 평가받고있다. 본 연구에서는 공항 관련 환경변화에 대응하여 인천공항이 장기적인 경쟁우위를 지속하기 위해 어떤 전략적 방향성을 설정할 것인지를 도출해 보았다. 공항전략의 구성요소는 본원적 공항 서비스 프로세스, 상업시설 및 인접 지역개발, 항공화물 서비스, 지상 교통 연결로 구분될 수 있다. 글로벌 경쟁공항의 이들 구성요소에서 어떤 새로운 시도를 하고 있는지 살펴보기 위해 스키폴, 두바이, 쳅락콕 공항을 벤치마킹해 보았다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 인천공항의 장기전략 방향성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 세 가지로 압축된다. 첫째, 기술적 변화요인으로, 사물인터넷, 빅데이터, 3D 프린팅, 친환경 기술 등에 의한 변화요인이다. 인천공항은 새로운 기술이 산업에 적용되고, 이를 통해 다른 차원의 부가가치가 창출되는 모습을 상징적으로 보여주는 혁신자가 되어야 한다. 둘째, 산업 구조적 변화요인이다. 한국의 산업구조가 변화함에 따라 공항은 글로벌 인적 교류 및 물류가 가장 빈번히 이루어지는 지리적 이점을 최대한 살릴 수 있는 ‘산업의허브’가 되어야 한다. 이를 위해서 공항 인접 지역을 금융, 의료산업 등 교류가 중요한 산업의 중심으로 발전시켜야 한다. 셋째, 거시 환경적 변화요인이다. 중국의 부상, 남북통일 등 동북아의 교통 물류 시스템을 근본적으로 변화시키는 요인이다. 인천공항은 ‘기술과 산업의 허브’를 기반으로 동북아 ‘종합 교통의허브’로 자리매김해야 한다. 나아가 지속적으로 신뢰·존경받는 공항이 되기 위해서는 이 모든 과정에 공유가치창출(CSV)을 기반으로 해야 한다. Incheon International Airport, the main gateway to Korea since 2001, has a reputation as the number one airport in the world, based on service. This research aims to propose strategic direction to better sustain a long-term competitive advantage in the constantly changing environment of the air transportation industry. The main components of airport management strategy can be categorized into four areas: 1) airport service process, 2) development of commercial facilities and neighboring areas, 3) air cargo service, and 4) ground transportation connections. To assess the competitive challenges in the airport industry, this research has benchmarked three airports: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Dubai International Airport, and Hong Kong International Airport. There are three primary aspects of airport operation requiring long-term strategic direction at Incheon International Airport. The first area is technology-driven innovation represented by IoT(internet of things), Big Data analysis, 3D printing, and Eco-Technology. Incheon International Airport needs to be an industry-leading innovator in applying new technology and making value-added staffing and hiring decisions. The second area requiring strategic direction is addressing structural changes in the airport industry. Incheon Airport should be an ‘Industrial hub’ to take full advantage of its geographic location and important role in logistics and personal exchange in accordance with industry transitions in Korea. Incheon Airport needs to develop its neighboring area to become a core of interchange based industry, including finance, healthcare, etc. The third area of airport operations requiring direction is addressing and adapting to changing macroeconomics. The economic rise of China and the potential unification of North and South Korea are important factors affecting fundamental aspects of Korea``s transportation system. Incheon airport should be regarded as a ‘comprehensive transportation hub’ and an ‘integrated hub of technology and industry.’ Finally, the entire aforementioned process should be based on CSV(creating shared value) in order to leap forward to becoming an airport with sustainable trust and honor.

국내 주요 공항별 도착 및 출발 여객수의 동향과 변동률

최정일,박지윤 아시아유럽미래학회 2021 유라시아연구 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 국내 주요 공항별 도착과 출발 여객수의 동향을 살펴보고 각 공항별 상승 률과 변동성 등의 관계를 분석하여 각 공항별 동조화 현상과 향후 발전 가능성을 찾아보는데 있다. 사용 한 자료는 통계청 국가통계포털 “교통물류 ⇒ 항공통계 ⇒ 공항별통계“에서 여객수를 정리하였다. 분석 기간은 2005년 1월부터 2020년 10월까지 총 190개 월간자료를 이용하였다. 최근 가덕도신공항, 제주제2공항, 울릉공항, 흑산공항, 새만금공항 등 국내 새로운 공항 건설이 사회적 으로 많은 관심을 모으며 추진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 공항별 도착과 출발 여객수의 동향을 살펴 보고자 기존 공항 중에서 승객수가 많은 주요 6개 공항을 선정하여 물동량을 찾아보고자 하였다. 인천국 제공항은 김포공항이 여객 및 화물의 수송 능력을 넘어서자 이를 대체할 공항으로 건설되었다. 서울의 세계도시 전략에 의해 지난 2001년 4월 개항하고 이후 2017년까지 1∼3단계 사업을 거쳐 제2여객터미널 을 확장하면서 연 7,200만 명의 여객을 수용할 수 있게 되었다. 김포공항은 항공 여객 및 화물을 수송하고 있으며 2001년 이후 국제선 기능이 약화되면서 현재 국내 선과 도쿄, 오사카, 상하이 등 국제선을 운항하고 있다. 2001년 이후 국제선이 감소하였고 국내선도 KTX 운행과 일부 지방 도시의 항공노선이 폐쇄되면서 이용객이 더욱 감소하고 있다. 김해공항은 부산 광역시에 있는 군・민 공용 국제공항이다. 이용객 기준으로 인천, 제주, 김포에 이어 국내 4번째 공항이며 인천공항 다음으로 국제선 이용객이 많이 운항하고 있다. 지난 2018년에 국제선 이용객이 1천만 명을 돌파하였고 국제선은 중국, 대만, 베트남, 일본, 태국, 필리핀 등 노선을 주로 운항하고 있다. 청주공항은 중부권 거점공항으로 국회 세종시 이전이 공론화되면서 새로운 전기를 마련하고 있다. 관 광산업의 성장과 공항 활성화로 인해 외국인 관광객이 증가하면서 지역발전에 기여할 것으로 기대하고 있다. 광주공항은 1995년 6월 방콕과 오사카 등 김포와 김해공항을 연계하여 국제선을 운항하였고 2001 년 상하이에 국제선을 취항하면서 서남권의 중점공항 기능을 수행하였으나 지난 2007년도 무안공항이 개항하면서 국제선 기능을 이전하였다. 제주공항은 1968년에 국제공항으로 승격하였으며 국내 공항 중 국내선 항공이 가장 활발하게 운행되고 있다. 김포∼제주 노선은 2017년도 1,346만 명으로 세계에서 가 장 많은 여객이 운항하는 노선으로 선정되었으며 코로나19 이후에도 세계에서 가장 많은 여객이 이용하 는 노선 1위를 유지하고 있다. 기술통계량에서 청주와 제주, 광주, 김해는 다른 공항에 비해 상대적으로 높은 증가율과 높은 변동성 을 보여주었다. 상관관계 분석결과, 공항 총 여객에 대해 김해, 김포, 청주, 제주, 광주, 인천 순으로 상관 계수가 높게 나타났다. 각 공항별 Scatter 분석에서 국내 총 여객과 비교하여 김포와 김해는 상대적으로 매우 높은 단계의 동조화현상이 나타난 반면 광주와 인천은 다소 낮은 수준의 동조화현상이 나타났다. 회귀분석에서 김포와 김해, 청주, 인천은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타난 반면 제주와 광주는 유의하지 않 은 것으로 산출되었다. Durbin-Watson stat가 2.262로 2에 가까워 각 공항들이 상호 독립적으로 변동하 는 것으로 판단되었다. 지난 2005년도 이후 국내 주요 공항의 도착과 출발의 여객수가 꾸준히 증가세를 보여 왔으나 코로나 19 영향으로 인해 일시적인 감소세가 크게 나타나고 있다. 국제공항인 인천과 김해의 경우 상대적으로 감소세가 크게 나타난 반면 국내선 중심의 광주와 청주는 감소세 이후 2020년 중반부터 서서히 회복되 고 있다. 코로나19로 인해 국제선과 국내선의 동향과 변동률에서 다소 차이를 보이고 있으나 이것은 일 시적인 현상으로 보이고 코로나19 이후 모두 동반 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 국내 공항이 발전하기 위해 서는 각 공항별 항공수요를 예측하고 여객터미널의 적정 규모와 다양한 활용계획 수립이 필요해 보인다. 각 공항별 운영의 효율성을 살리기 위한 다양한 정책들을 개발하면서 여객과 화물이 공항수익에 기여하 는 객관적인 가치를 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 나아가 각 공항들은 지역발전과 관광산업의 발전에 기여하는 방안을 제시해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in the number of arrival and departure passengers by major domestic airports, and to analyze the relationship between the increase rate and volatility of each airport. The data used in this study was organized by KOSIS “Transportation Logistics ⇨ Aviation Statistics ⇨ Airport Statistics” for the number of passengers. For the analysis period, a total of 190 monthly data were used from January 2005 to October 2020. In this study, we performed numerical analysis, index analysis, and model analysis using the rate of change from the previous month. Recently, new airports in Korea such as Gadeokdo New Airport, Jeju 2nd Airport, Ulleung Airport, Heuksan Airport, and Saemangeum Airport are being promoted with a lot of social interest. In this study, we selected six major airports among existing airports to examine the trends in the number of arrival and departure passengers by domestic airport. Incheon International Airport was built as a replacement airport when Gimpo Airport exceeded its passenger and cargo capacity. In accordance with Seoul’s global city strategy, Incheon opened its port in April 2001, and then expanded Terminal 2 through phases 1∼3 in 2017, allowing it to accommodate 72 million passengers a year. Gimpo Airport transports air passengers and cargo. Since 2001, domestic flights and international flights such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Shanghai have been operating. Since 2001, international flights have decreased, and as KTX operations and air routes in some local cities have been closed, the number of domestic flights has been further decreasing. Gimhae Airport is a military and civilian international airport in Busan. It is the fourth airport in Korea after Incheon, Jeju, and Gimpo in terms of passengers. International passengers operate a lot after Incheon Airport. In 2018, the number of international passengers exceeded 10 million, and international flights mainly operate routes such as China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, and the Philippines. Cheongju Airport is a base airport in the central region, and the relocation of Sejong City to the National Assembly is being discussed, making new changes. It is expected to contribute to regional development as the number of foreign tourists increases due to the growth of the tourism industry and the vitalization of the airport. Gwangju Airport is operating international flights to Bangkok and Osaka in June 1995 by linking Gimpo and Gimhae Airports. In 2001, it served as a key airport in the southwest region when it launched international flights to Shanghai. However, with the opening of Muan Airport in 2007, the international flight function was transferred. Jeju Airport was promoted to an international airport in 1968, and domestic airlines are the most developed among domestic airports. The Gimpo-Jeju route is the world’s most passenger-operated route with 13.46 million passengers in 2017. Even after Corona 19, it maintains the number one route used by the most passengers in the world. In technical statistics, Cheongju, Jeju, Gwangju and Gimhae showed relatively high rates of increase and high volatility. As a result of correlation analysis, compared with total passengers at domestic airports, Gimhae, Gimpo, Cheongju, Jeju, Gwangju, and Incheon were higher in order. In the scatter analysis for each airport, Gimpo and Gimhae showed relatively high levels compared to total domestic passengers. On the other hand, Gwangju and Incheon showed relatively low synchronization. In the regression analysis, it was calculated that Gimpo, Gimhae, Cheongju, and Incheon were statistically significant, while Jeju and Gwangju were not. The Durbin-Watson stat was 2.262, which was close to 2, indicating that each airport fluctuates independently of each other. Since 2005, the number of passengers arriving and departing at major domestic airports has steadily increased. However, due to the corona 19 effect, a temporary decline is appearing significantly. In the case of Incheon and Gimhae, which are international airports, there was a relatively large decline. On the other hand, Gwangju and Cheongju, which are mainly domestic routes, are gradually recovering from mid-2020 after the decline. Due to Corona 19, there is a slight difference in the trends and fluctuation rates of international and domestic flights. However, this appears to be a temporary phenomenon and is expected to increase all along after Corona 19. In order for domestic airports to develop, we must predict the air demand for each airport and establish an appropriate size and various utilization plans for the passenger terminal. In addition, we must develop various policies to improve the efficiency of each airport’s operation and analyze the objective value that passengers and cargo contribute to airport profits. We must be able to suggest ways for airports to contribute to regional development.

A Study for the Development of Incheon International Airport in the Post-Corona Era through the Analysis of Big-Data in the News: Using SBSC Frame and Text Mining

나형종,남기설,이건창 세명대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2023 人文 社會科學硏究 Vol.31 No.1

· Research topics: This study proposes the development plan of Incheon International Airport to respond to the post-corona era. News big data related to Incheon International Airport in 2019 before COVID-19 and 2020 after COVID-19 are analyzed and compared using text mining techniques, especially by reinterpreting text analysis results by applying SBSC frame, a management accounting analysis method. · Research background: The COVID-19 crisis has significantly reduced the movement of people at home and abroad, especially the floating population of overseas arrivals and arrivals (Ludvigson et al., 2020). The operation of Incheon International Airport has been hit hard by the near ban on international flights.Fortunately, the transportation of cargo is continuously maintained, but the abnormal situation caused by the Corona incident is a shock to Incheon International Airport. This shock from the COVID-19 crisis is expected to continue for a long time, changing the overall environment as well as people's perceptions (Forsyth et al., 2020). In other words, the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock is expected to remain even after the end of COVID-19. Incheon International Airport should proactively predict these changes in the environment and prepare countermeasures. · Differences from prior research: First, the reliability of the research results was improved by collecting news articles from Incheon International Airport and presenting research results analyzing unstructured text big data in various aspects through keyword analysis and LDA analysis. Second, useful information in terms of management was provided by applying the SBSC frame to the text analysis result and reinterpreting it. · Research method: In this paper, news, which is an unstructured text data, was analyzed using text mining techniques to objectively derive the development plan of the post-COVID-19 era at Incheon International Airport. Significant information was derived by comparing and analyzing the results of airport-related news analysis in 2019 before the COVID-19 outbreak and in 2020 after the COVID-19 outbreak. First, keywords were extracted by the TF-IDF value (Ramos, 2003), and then the main keywords before and after COVID-19 were compared. And through LDA (latent dirichlet allocation) analysis (Tong and Zhang, 2016), major topics before and after COVID-19 were extracted and compared. In addition, the SBSC (sustainability balanced scorecard) frame was applied (Rabbani et al., 2014) to extract and compare key keywords before and after COVID-19 from the perspective of financial, customer, internal process, learning, and growth and social responsibility. · Research results: The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of keyword analysis by TF-IDF value (Ramos, 2003), words such as services and officials were not emphasized in 2020 compared to 2019, and words such as Corona, Eastar, and New Airport were greatly highlighted. Second, as a result of LDA analysis (Tong and Zhang, 2016), compared to 2019, the airport's efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 after the COVID-19 crisis and the aviation industry recession caused by COVID-19 were emphasized in 2020. And the financial difficulties of Incheon International Airport were also extracted as major topics. Before the COVID-19 crisis, people were interested in cheap flights. For the new airport, the proportion of topics increased in 2020 compared to 2019, the proportion of airlines' management rights increased in 2020 compared to 2019, and the topic of financial difficulties at Incheon International Airport was newly emphasized after the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. Third, as a result of the analysis applying the SBSC frame (Rabbani et al., 2014), the financial perspective increased by 0.5% in 2020 compared to 2019. The customer perspective showed a 2.2% drop in 2020, the internal process perspective decreased by 2.3% in 2020, and the learning and growth perspective also showed...

빅데이터를 활용한 국내 대형공항과 해외 대형공항의 이슈 비교분석: 인천국제공항과 도쿄하네다공항을 중심으로

황욱선,김민혁,박성재 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2023 사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.1

Currently, as the society and environment change due to the COVID-19 virus, the demand for services by airport users is changing. In the case of Incheon International Airport in Korea, its international competitiveness is lower than that of Haneda Airport, and airport services need to be strengthened to increase its competitiveness. Big data existing in social networks can analyze changing service demand. In this study, the problems of Incheon International Airport and Tokyo International Airport were identified using big data. Frequency analysis, network analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were conducted to visualize the results of big data. As a result of the analysis, Incheon International Airport drew issues such as strengthening COVID-19 quarantine services, expanding logistics service infrastructure, and developing domestic and foreign routes. In the case of Tokyo International Airport, issues such as efficient use, development of international routes, and strengthening the quarantine security system were derived with the expansion of the terminal. Through these results, the problems of Incheon International Airport and the advantages of Tokyo International Airport were combined to derive a strategy to prepare for the increase in domestic airport demand due to the easing of immigration regulations in each country. In future studies, it is necessary to study strategies that can be applied not only to large airports such as Incheon International Airport but also to small and medium-sized airports.

인천 국제공항의 화물 운영 효율성 및 환경영향 분석 연구

진가영,이향숙 한국물류학회 2024 물류학회지 Vol.34 No.2

공항의 운영 효율성 연구는 전통적으로 활발히 수행되고 있으나, 환경으로 인한 영향까지 고려한 연구는 미미한 상황이다. 본연구는 세계 주요 국제공항의 운영 효율성 및 환경적 영향을 분석한 것으로, 각 공항의 운영 현황을 연도별로 평가해보고, 인천국제공항의 관점에서 개선책 및 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2018년부터 2022년까지 세계 20개 국제 공항을 대상으로 화물부문 연도별 효율성 변화를 분석하고, 공항 운영에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인을 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, 홍콩 국제공항, 멤피스국제공항, 테드 스티븐스 앵커리지, 루이빌 무함마드 알리 국제공항 등은 최적의 규모 효율성을 지속적으로 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. Covid-19 팬데믹 기간의 변화를 살펴보면 공항 효율성이 전반적으로 하락하다가 2021년부터 점차 회복하는 패턴을 보였다. 인천 국제공항의 규모 효율성은 0.635∼0.762로 상대적으로 낮아 개선이 필요한 상황으로 평가되었다. 한편, 기술적 효율성은 인천국제공항을 포함한 10개 공항에서 최적 수준을 달성하였다. 이어서 환경 영향을 고려하기 위해 공항별 비행기 이착률을 부정산출요인으로 선정하여 분석하였다. 홍콩 국제공항, 테드 스티븐스 앵커리지 국제공항, 루이빌 무함마드 알리 국제공항은 지속적으로높은 효율성을 달성한 반면, 인천 국제공항, 마이애미 국제공항, 로스앤젤레스 국제공항 등은 부정산출요인으로 인해 효율성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 환경 오염을 줄이기 위해서는 운행편수를 단순히 늘리는 것보다 효율적으로 스케줄을 편성하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 공항의 효율성 향상을 위한 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Airports have traditionally been studied for their operational efficiency, but few studies have considered their environmental impact. This study analyzed the operational efficiency and environmental impact of the world’s major international airports, evaluated the operational status of each airport by year, and suggested improvement measures and strategies from the perspective of Incheon International Airport. To this end, this study analyzed the yearly efficiency changes of 20 international airports from 2018 to 2022, and explored various factors affecting airport operations. The result found that Hong Kong International Airport, Memphis International Airport, Ted Stevens Anchorage, and Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport have consistently maintained optimal scale efficiency. When looking at the changes in efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study found an overall decline in airport efficiency, followed by a gradual recovery in 2021. Incheon International Airport’s scale efficiency ranged from 0.635 to 0.762, which is relatively low and needs improvement. Meanwhile, the technical efficiency of 10 airports, including Incheon International Airport, achieved the optimal level. In order to consider the environmental impact, this study analyzed the landing and take-off of each airport as an undesirable output factor. Hong Kong International Airport, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, and Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport consistently achieved high efficiency, while Incheon International Airport, Miami International Airport, and Los Angeles International Airport showed a decrease in efficiency due to negative factors. This research suggested that efficient scheduling is more important than simply increasing the number of flights to reduce environmental pollution. The results of this study are expected to serve as an important basis for improving the efficiency of airports in the future.

인천국제공항 문화예술사업의 국내·외 이용객 만족도와 경쟁요인 분석

권병웅 한국예술경영학회 2013 예술경영연구 Vol.0 No.25

This research analyzes how the cultural performances at Incheon International Airport are acknowledged by both domestic and international visitors. The period for this research was from June 30th 2011 to June 29th 2012 (365 days). The contents were the satisfaction rate of the place, time, and contexts of performances and charming point of the airport through various performances. The survey is conducted at both first floor and duty free zone, with four different languages; Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and English. There are two types of analysis; frequency analysis and comparison analysis to know the difference among places and respondents. For comparison analysis, we conducted Independent T-test and One-way Analysis of Variance: ANOVA. As a result, male respondents satisfied more than female ones toward the place, time, and contents of the performances. Moreover, respondents from English language region satisfied more than those from the rest of regions. It was determined that the satisfaction rate was very high as it showed 81% from duty free zone and 81.83% from first floor. About the question of asking whether visiting the airport or not, 89.1% from duty free zone and 90.06% from first floor answered positively, which reveals the high satisfaction of visitors. Visitors pointed out the modern buildings, easiness of departure/arrival procedure, and various performances as charming points of the airport. This means performances at this airport take greater part in visitor’s satisfaction than convenient facilities and services. For the question of how much the performances influence the value and positive acknowledgement of Incheon International Airport, 86.7% from duty free zone and 84.51% from first floor answered they influence a lot. Regarding this result, the most positive result was from English language users, and the rest goes Korean, Japanese, and Chinese in order. We can conclude that the performances at this airport serve as increased value and acknowledgement of airport, increased revisiting and connecting rates, and overall satisfaction toward Incheon International Airport, which shows the power of this industry in global airport. As it reveals the importance of performances rather than other facilities or services, Incheon International Airport needs to develop this field more so that it can be a Culture Port in the future. 본 연구는 인천국제공항의 문화예술사업이 국내・외 공항이용객들에게 어떻게 인식되고 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석대상인 인천국제공항의 문화예술사업의 수행기간은 2011년 6월 30일~2012년 6월 29일(365일) 기간이다. 조사내용은 공연장소, 공연시간, 공연내용에 대한 만족도와 공항의 브랜드가치 상승에 대한 문화예술사업의 기여도, 재방문의사, 공항의 매력요소 등이다. 설문지 구성은 국제공항의 이용자 특성을 고려하여 1층과 면세구역으로 장소를 분리하였고, 설문조사는 4개의 언어권(한국어권, 일본어권, 중국어권, 영어권)으로 나누어 진행하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석과 만족도 비교분석을 실시하였다. 비교분석은 독립표본 T-검정(Independent T-test) 및 일원배치 분산분석(One-way Analysis of Variance : ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 분석결과 공연장소, 공연시간, 공연내용에 대해서 국내·외 방문객 중 ‘여성’ 보다는 ‘남성’이 더 만족하였다. 언어권별로는 ‘영어권’에서 타 언어권 보다 더 만족하는 것으로 조사되었다. 국내・외 공항이용객의 문화행사 만족도는 면세구역이 81%, 1층구역이 81.83%가 만족하는 것으로 나타나 방문형태와 상관없이 문화행사 만족도는 매우 높은 수준으로 파악되었다. 인천공항 재방문 의사를 묻는 질문에서는 면세구역은 89.1%, 1층구역 90.06%가 적극적으로 응답하여, 인천공항에 대한 선호도가 매우 높았다. 인천공항의 매력포인트 요인으로는 ‘현대식 건물’과 ‘입출국 절차의 간소함’에 이어서 세 번째 만족요인으로 ‘즐길거리(문화공연 등)’ 순으로 문화행사를 지목하였다. 이는 편의시설과 직원서비스 요인 보다 문화행사가 인천공항 이용객 만족도에 크게 기여하고있음을 이미한다. 문화행사가 인천공항 브랜드가치에 어떤 영향을 주는지에 대한 질문에서 면세구역 86.7%, 1층구역 84.51%가 공항의 브랜드가치와 인지도 상승에 문화행사가 크게 기여하는 요인이라고 응답하였다. 이 점과 관련하여 가장 높은 호응을 보인 언어권은 영어권(43.1%)이며, 이어서 한국어권, 일본어권, 중국어권 순으로 나타났다. 연구결과 인천공항의 문화예술사업이 공항의 브랜드가치 제고, 재방문 및 환승율 제고, 그리고 인천공항 이용만족도를 높이는 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 확인하였다. 즉, 인천공항의 문화예술사업이 글로벌 공항경쟁력 제고에 크게 기여하는 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석결과의 시사점은 인천국제공항의 글로벌 공항경쟁력은 편의시설과 직원서비스보다도 문화예술사업의 만족도로부터 크게 힘을 얻고 있다는 점이다. 그러므로 향후 인천국제공항은 문화예술사업을 더욱 강화하여 문화공항(Culture Port)으로서의 비전을 더욱 실현해 갈 필요가 있다.

여행객의 출국 경험 향상을 위한 디지털 트랜스포메이션(DX) 기반의 서비스디자인 전략 연구 -인천공항 출국 절차를 중심으로-

김미란,손가현,김여정,김소연,구유리 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2024 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.23 No.1

Background: Although the number of users at Incheon Airport increases and services that have rapidly introduced new technologies are provided according to the trenc of the airport and the development of technology. However, there are limits to the quick and easy access of new technology for customers unfamiliar with airports, and travelers are still experiencing an uncomfortable departure experience due to increased waiting times and congestion in facilities. Therefore, this study aims to improve the customer experience of Incheon International Airport departure procedures by deriving the direction of service design strategy through reinforcement of service connectivity by user type and high accessibility. Methods: In this study, Incheon Airport's service status and quality factors were analyzed through literature research, and experience factors were established by synthesizing previous research and case analysis. We conducted in-depth interviews with people who had experience departing from Incheon Airport, identified problems and opportunities for existing services, and discovered ideas for service improvement according to the customer experience journey. Service effectiveness was verified through Kano model and customer satisfaction coefficient analysis. Based on the analysis results, a service blueprint for the departure procedure at Incheon Airport was derived and service direction and strategy were proposed. Results: As a result of the analysis through service methodology, most of the improved services were analyzed as attractive quality factors, including indoor AR navigation service, user-tailored search and optimized route AI recommendation, real-time tracking service for users to ensure they are aware of the departure procedure and waiting time to experience a comfortable departure procedure. A total of four core service themes were proposed, including self-service using robot technology that can reduce service costs. Conclusion: Incheon Airport travelers have a clear purpose of using the airport: boarding a flight. The need to improve the departure process experience through flight-based time management and to build optimized services for each user type was presented. Existing public services are provided based on procedure-based technology and facilities, but this study presented service ideas by shifting to user-centered thinking about waiting times and inconveniences experienced by users. It was suggested that it could contribute to service design.

국내외 경제변화가 인천경제 및 인천국제공항에 미치는 영향분석

정진원(JinWon Jung),윤현위(HyunWi Yoon) 대한지리학회 2015 대한지리학회지 Vol.50 No.5

본 연구는 국내외 경제변화가 인천경제 및 인천국제공항에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 분석을 시도하였다. OECD회원국, 인천광역시와 인천국제공항을 연구대상으로 2001년 인천국제공항 개항 이후 11년간의 경제변화를 시계열 자료를 이용하여 다중회귀분석과 경로분석을 시도하였다. 연구결과, 국내외 경제변화는 인천경제 및 인천국제공항의 성장 및 활성화에 정(+)의 영향을 보여주지 않았으며 국제경제요인은 인천경제에 직접적으로 정(+)의 영향을 보였으나 한국경제와 연관된 총 효과는 부(-)의 영향을 보였다. 따라서 인천경제는 국내외 거시경제변화요인에 능동적으로 대응해야 할 뿐 만 아니라 내발적 성장방안이 요구되며 이를 위한 방법론으로 공항도시 조성의 필요성을 제시하였다. This study made an attempt at the empirical analysis of the influence of domestic, foreign economic changes on economy in Incheon & Incheon International Airport. For this purpose, this study, setting up the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), Incheon Metropolitan City, and Incheon International Airport as research objects, conducted multiregression analysis and path analysis of 11-year economic changes after the opening of the Incheon International Airport in 2001. As a research result, it was found that internal, external economic changes didn’t show a positive influence on economy in Incheon, and growth & revitalization of the Incheon International Airport while international economic factors showed a directly positive influence on economy in Incheon, but the total effect directly related to Korean economy showed a negative influence. Accordingly, economy in Incheon has to actively cope with home, foreign macroeconomic change factors, and further, the endogenous growth strategy is required; as the methodolog