이상 저온조건이 딸기의 생육, 수량 및 생리활성 성분에 미치는 영향

이규빈 ( Gyu-bin Lee ),최윤의 ( Yun-ui Choe ),박은지 ( Eun-ji Park ),왕자옥 ( Ziyu Wang ),이매 ( Mei Li ),이커 ( Ke Li ),박영훈 ( Young-hoon Park ),최영환 ( Young-whan Choi ),강남준 ( Nam-jun Kang ),강점순 ( Jum-soon Kang ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low temperature on the growth, yield, quality, and biologically active compounds of strawberry and obtain basic information for developing a technology for stable growth of strawberry in greenhouses. Growth of strawberry, including leaf number, area, and length, plant height, and dry weight was better at the optimum growth temperature of 20℃than at a lower temperature of 15℃. At the low temperature of 15℃, the cultivar `Maehyang` was more tolerant and displayed better growth rate than `Seolhyang`. At 15℃, the fruit production per week and fruit weight was lower than that at 20℃. In contrast, fruit length and diameter were not significantly different between the two growth temperatures. Growth temperature also did not affect the fruit color index, Hunter L, a, b value, or fruit firmness. However, the sugar content of strawberries grown at 15℃was higher by 0.8 and 1.5 Brix for `Seolhyang` and `Maehyang`, respectively, than of those grown at 20℃. There was no difference in the content of fisetin, a biologically active compound, for `Seolhyang` at both growth temperatures, however, the fisetin content of `Maehyang` was higher at 20℃ than at 15℃. Cinchonine and ellagic acid content of `Seolhyang` was higher at 20°C than at 15℃, whereas that of `Maehyang` was higher at 15℃ than at 20 . Quercetin content showed no significant differences with respect to growth temperature, however, it tended to increase at 20℃. The cinnamic acid content of `Seolhyang` was higher at 15℃ than at 20 , whereas that of `Maehyang` increased at 20℃. Collectively, the biologically active compounds of strawberry were affected by growth temperature. Moreover, the content of these compounds tended to increase at 20°C, the optimum growth temperature, rather than at the sub-optimal growth temperature of 15℃.

Comparative Whole Cell Proteomics of Listeria monocytogenes at Different Growth Temperatures

( Soyoon Won ),( Jeongmin Lee ),( Jieun Kim ),( Hyungseok Choi ),( Jaehan Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.2

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobe food pathogen responsible for the listeriosis that mostly occurs during the low-temperature storage of a cold cut or dairy products. To understand the systemic response to a wide range of growth temperatures, L. monocytogenes were cultivated at a different temperature from 10℃ to 42℃, then whole cell proteomic analysis has been performed both exponential and stationary cells. The specific growth rate increased proportionally with the increase in growth temperature. The maximum growth rate was observed at 37℃ and was maintained at 42℃. Global protein expression profiles mainly depended on the growth temperatures showing similar clusters between exponential and stationary phases. Expressed proteins were categorized by their belonging metabolic systems and then, evaluated the change of expression level in regard to the growth temperature and stages. DnaK, GroEL, GroES, GrpE, and CspB, which were the heat&cold shock response proteins, increased their expression with increasing the growth temperatures. In particular, GroES and CspB were expressed more than 100-fold than at low temperatures during the exponential phase. Meanwhile, CspL, another cold shock protein, overexpressed at a low temperature then exponentially decreased its expression to 65-folds. Chemotaxis protein CheV and flagella proteins were highly expressed at low temperatures and stationary phases. Housekeeping proteins maintained their expression levels constant regardless of growth temperature or growth phases. Most of the growth related proteins, which include central carbon catabolic enzymes, were highly expressed at 30℃ then decreased sharply at high growth temperatures.

Grain Growth Behavior and Improved Mathematical Model of a New-Type Superalloy

Zhang Haoqiang,Ronaldo Juanatas,Jasmin Niguidula,Jonathan M. Caballero,Cai Liu 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.1

The grain growth at high temperature significantly affects the ultimate grain sizes and mechanical properties of superalloy. To study the grain growth behavior of a new-type nickel-base superalloy, GH4065 alloy, a series of grain growth tests within the holding temperature range of 1100–1350 K and holding time range of 0–14,400 s were conducted. Via the morphology analysis, it was concluded that the grains of GH4065 alloy normally grow during the temperature range of 1100–1250 K and abnormally grow during the temperature range of 1300–1350 K. The average grain sizes at different experimental conditions were counted and the influences of holding temperature and holding time on the average grain sizes of GH4065 alloy were investigated. It was revealed that the grain sizes increase but the grain growth rates gradually slow down with the increase of holding time; the grain sizes increase with the holding temperature increase and higher temperature further promotes the grain growth degree. Based on the Sellar-type and Anelli-type grain growth mathematics model, an improved two-segment grain growth model was developed and computed to describe the grain growth behavior of GH4065 alloy at high temperature. The evaluation results show that the constructed grain growth model possesses high prediction precision in grain growth behavior characterization of GH4065 alloy.

온도구배터널 내 상승온도에 의한 난지형 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 광합성 및 생육 특성의 변화

오서영,문경환,송은영,신민지,고석찬 한국농림기상학회 2019 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 마늘을 온도구배터널에서 재배하면서 생육기간 동안 인편의 발아, 지상부 생육과 광합성 특성, 인경 발달 등을 조사함으로써 기후변화에 대응하여 마늘 생육 전반에 미치는 기온상승의 영향을 살펴보고 이를 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 터널 중앙부 온도(Tamb+3°C)와 후미부 온도(Tamb+6°C)는 입구의 대기온도(Tamb)를 기준으로 각각 3.2°C, 5.8°C가 높게 유지되었다. 인편의 발아는 터널 입구보다 중앙부와 후미부에서 더 늦었다. 그러나 추대기간과 개체당 최대 엽수에 도달하는 기간이 터널 입구에서 보다 중앙부와 후미부에서 짧게 나타났다. 지상부의 생장은 터널 입구에서 생육하였을 때 전반적으로 높고 중앙부와 후미부에서 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 인경은 터널 내부의 온도 간에 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으나 생육후기에 인경 생체량과 건체량은 터널 입구와 중앙부에서 생육하였을 때 다소 높았다. 광합성률(A), 기공전도도(gs), 증산률(E)은 터널 입구에서 보다 중앙부에서 재배하였을 때 증가하였다. 또한 최대 광합성률(Amax)은 중앙부에서 생육하였을 때 높았으며, 호흡률(Rd)은 낮았다. 터널 입구 및 중앙부에서 인경발달이 더 왕성하여 크기가 크고 상품성이 높은 인경을 수확할 수 있었으나 터널 후미부인 대기온도+6°C에서는 인경의 크기가 작아지고 소인편들이 생겨서 상품성이 낮았다. 따라서 대기온도보다 기온이 상승하였을 때에는 파종 전에 인편 발아에 필요한 저온 요구도를 미리 충족시키거나 파종시기를 늦춘다면 인편 발아율을 높이면서 생산량도 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 그리고 인경 발달 단계에서 고온에 의한 상품성 하락을 최소화하기 위하여 수확시기를 앞당겨 수확하는 것도 고려할 필요가 있다. This study assessed clove germination, shoot growth, photosynthesis and bulb development of southern-type garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a temperature gradient tunnel (TGT), to examine the impacts of increases in temperature on the growth of garlic and find a way to minimize them. The temperatures in the middle and outlet of the TGT were 3.2°C and 5.8°C higher, respectively, than the ambient temperature at the tunnel inlet. The germination of garlic cloves was late at temperatures of ambient+3°C (in the middle of the TGT) and ambient+6°C (at the outlet) than at ambient temperature (at the inlet). However, bolting and the timing of maximum leaf number per plant were faster at ambient+3°C or +6°C than at ambient temperature. Shoot growth was generally greater at ambient temperature. Bulb growth did not significantly differ according to cultivation temperatures, but fresh and dry weights were slightly higher at ambient temperature and ambient+3°C in the late growth stage. The photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were higher at ambient+3°C than at ambient temperature. Furthermore, at ambient+3°C, the net photosynthetic rate (Amax) was high, while the dark respiration rate (Rd) was low. At ambient temperature and ambient+3°C, bulb development was healthier, resulting in better productivity and more commercial bulbs, while at ambient+6°C, the bulbs were small and secondary cloves developed, resulting in low commercial value. Therefore, at elevated temperatures caused by global warming, it is necessary to meet the low-temperature requirements before clove sowing, or to delay the sowing time, to improve germination rate and increase yield. The harvest should also be advanced to escape high-temperature stress in the bulb development stage.

Effects of temperature and water management in rice fields on larval growth of Pantala flavescens (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Bosomtwe Augustine,Jinu Eo,Myung-Hyun Kim,Min-Kyeong Kim,Soon-Kun Choi,So-Jin Yeob,Jeong-Hwan Bang,Owusu Danquah Eric 한국환경생물학회 2021 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Pantala flavescens is a dominant Odonata species in the rice fields in Korea. To determine the effects of different temperatures on its larval growth and emergence, field and laboratory experiments were conducted. Larval growth was also monitored in mono-cropping and double-cropping rice fields. The growth of larvae was monitored every week by measuring the head width. In the field experiment, no difference was found in larval growth and emergence between the control temperature and +1.9°C of the control temperature. The larval growth was greater at 23°C than at 20°C laboratory temperatures, and no emergence was recorded at either temperature after eight weeks of monitoring. There was a quadratic relationship between larval growth and temperature in an incubator at five temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Midseason water drainage caused the extinction of the existing individuals and newly hatched larvae dominated after re-watering in the rice fields. Larval size was greater in double-cropping fields than in mono-cropping fields in late July but the tendency was reversed in early August. The results of this study suggest that temperature warming will directly promote the larval growth of P. flavescens and indirectly influence seasonal growth via changes in water management in rice fields.

Effect of Temperature on Fatigue Crack Growth in P92 Steel

Lim, Byeong Soo,Jeong, Chan Seo,Keum, Young Tag 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.6

Fracture at high temperature has become a critical problem for such high temperature components as those used in power plants or oil refinery plants, because both high operating temperature and pressure are required for better thermal efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to approach such problems from the viewpoint of high temperature material properties. Since fatigue and creep are closely related to such components failures, the fracture behavior in high temperature components must be evaluated through fatigue and creep crack growth tests, and based on these results, better operating conditions can be determined. In this study, recently developed P92 (9Cr-2W) alloy steel, which is a high strength material for high temperature use, is investigated and its fatigue crack growth has been characterized by Paris law. A series of high temperature fatigue tests were carried out at 400, 500, 550, 600, 625, 650, and 700 ℃ to verify the temperature effect. The results indicated that the Paris exponent remained at approximately the same value up to a certain temperature. From 600 to 700 ℃, creep rupture tests were conducted in order to investigate the creep behavior with temperature. Further analysis has also been carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on fracture mode shift, dimple formation, and its role in crack growth rate and deformability at high temperature.

온도구배터널에서 기온상승에 따른 만주감초의 생육, 수량, 약리성분 특성에 관한 연구

김용일,이정훈,안태진,이은송,박우태,김영국,장재기 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Background: Studies have suggested that the northern provinces of Gangwon-do are good sites for licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) cultivation in Korea, as they have similar temperatures to its original locations in northern China. However, poor growth and freezing injury are often reported in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the domestic cultivation site of licorice. Methods and Results: To determine the optimum temperature for cultivating licorice, the growth, yield, and pharmacological characteristics of G. uralensis were assessed in a temperature gradient tunnel at Eumseong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in 2017. Plant height increased until the temperature rose to 5.9℃ above the local external temperature. Yield (㎏/10a) increased by 46.9% when the growing temperature was 1.5℃ to 3.0℃ (T2) above the external temperature and by 72.6% when the growing temperature was 3.0℃ - 4.5℃ (T3) above the external temperature. However, a difference of 4.5℃ - 5.9℃ (T4) above the external temperature, decreased the yield by 9.8% compared to that at T2. The glycyrrhizin content of G. uralensis roots in each temperature band was 0.72%, 0.53%, 0.91%, and 0.84% (T1, T2, T3, T4), these differences appear to result form individual plant variation rather than growth temperature. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, we estimate that the temperature-based optimum cultivation site for G. uralensis in Korea is the south central region, rather than the northern province of Gangwon-do. Improvement in growth and yield maybe observed if the plantations in the central Jecheon (Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea) are expanded into the south central region.

탄소나노튜브의 합성수율 증대와 저온 합성에 미치는 기판 전처리의 영향

신의철(Eui-Chul Shin),조성일(Sung-Il Jo),정구환(Goo-Hwan Jeong) 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2019 産業技術硏究 Vol.39 No.1

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) on metal substrates are definitely beneficial because they can maintain robust mechanical stability and high conductivity between CNT and metal interfaces. Here, we report direct growth of CNT on Ni-based superalloy, Inconel 600, using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with acetylene feedstock in the growth temperature range of 400-725°C. Furthermore, we studied the effect of substrate pretreatment on the growth yield enhancement and growth temperature decrease of CNT on Inconel 600. Activation energy (AE) for CNT growth was estimated from the CNT height change with respect to the growth temperature. The AE values significantly decreased from 205.03 to 24.35 kJ/mol by the pretreatment of thermal oxidation of Inconel substrate at 725°C under ambient. Higher oxidation temperature tends to have lower activation energy. The results have shown the importance of pretreatment temperature on CNT growth yield and growth temperature decrease.

이상고온 조건이 고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

허유,강점순,김소희,박은지,손병구,최영환,이용재,박영훈,서정민,조재환,홍창오,이상규 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 노지작물인 고추에서 이상고온에 따른 생육 및 생리장해 등 피해정도를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 아울러 고온피해를 최소화하기 위한 화학적 대응 기술을 확립하기 위해 빈나리(diniconazole)를 사용하여 그 효과를 검정하고자 하였다. 고추의 신장생장은 생육적온인 25℃보다 온도가 높아질수록 향상되었으나 경직경은 낮았으며, 특히, 30℃에서 재배한 고추 식물체는 연약한 생장을 보였다. 반면 뿌리생육은 생육온도에 따라 큰 차이는 없었다. 고추의 생육적온인 25℃보다 고온에서 재배하면 엽수는 증가하였고, 엽면적도 높았다. 또한 생체중 및 건물중도 높았다. 반면 수확량은 생육적온인 25℃에 비해 고온인 30℃에서는 생산량이 17% 감소하였다. 고추의 생육온도에 따라 낙화율에 차이가 있었으며, 생육적온인 25℃에서는 낙화율이 28.0%였으나, 27.5℃에서는 33.5%, 30℃에서는 52.3%로 온도가 높아질수록 낙화율이 높았다. 칼슘 결핍증은 고추의 생육적온에서는 나타나지 않았으나 온도가 높아질수록 경미하게 증가하는 경향이었다. 반면 역병발병율은 생육온도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 30℃의 이상고온은 낙화율이 문제되었으나, 빈나리를 처리하면 낙화율이 감소하여 10 mg/L 처리에서는 대조구에 비해 수량이 10% 향상되었다. Growth and physiological disorders caused by abnormally high temperatures were evaluated in an important field crop of pepper. In addition, chemical treatment for reducing the damages from high temperature was tested and its effect was verified using 'Binnari'(diniconazole). Shoot growth of pepper was improved as the temperature increased from 25℃, an optimum temperature for growth, while it's spasticity was low and plants cultivated at 30℃ showed relatively weak growth and development. However, root growth was not affected by the different temperatures. The number of leaf, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight were increased at the tempratures higher than 25C. Whereas, yield was decreased by 17% at 30℃ in comparison to 25C. Falling blossom rate was different depending on the growth temperature, and the rate of 28% at 25℃, 33.5% at 27.5℃, and 52.3% at 30℃ was observed, indicating that falling blossom rate increased as temperature rose. Calcium deficiency did not appeared at the optimum growth temperature, but slightly increased as the temperature goes up. Different growth temperatures did not affected on disease rate of phytopathora blight. Falling blossom was severe at abnormal temperatures higher than 30℃, but the treatment of 'Binnari' reduced falling blossom rate and increased the yield by 10% as compared to control. The optimum concentration for 'Binnari' treatment was 10mg/L

한지형 마늘의 생육 및 인편 발달에 미치는 주야간 온도의 영향

오순자(Soonja Oh),문경환(Kyung Hwan Moon),고석찬(Seok Chan Koh) 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 기후변화에 대응한 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 생육 전반에 미치는 온도 스트레스의 영향을 밝히고 적합한 재배온도를 알아보기 위하여 주야간 온도를 달리한 SPAR 챔버 내에서 마늘을 재배하고 그 생육 특성과 광계Ⅱ 활성, 수확기 인경 및 인편의 특성 등을 조사하였다. 온도처리 초기에는 온도가 높을수록 지상부 생육이 양호하였다. 그러나 수확기에는 14/10‚ 17/12℃에서 엽초경이 크게 감소하여, 14/10 ‚ 17/12℃가 인경의 정상적인 발육에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 수확기 인경 두께와 인경 길이는 14/10 ‚ 23/18℃에서 크게 발달하였으며, 인경의 중량은 17/12 ‚ 20/15℃에서 가장 무거웠다. 인경 당 인편 발생률도 17/12 ‚ 20/15℃에서 가장 높았으나, 인경 당 정상적인 인편 발생률은 그보다 낮은 14/10 ‚ 17/12℃에서 가장 양호하였다. 인편의 크기와 무게도 14/10 ‚ 17/12℃에서 재배하였을 때 가장 크고 무거웠다. 광계II의 최대 광화학적 효율(Fv/Fm)과 잠재적 광합성능(Fv/Fo)은 14/10 ‚ 20/15℃ 범위에서 가장 높았고 그 이상 또는 이하의 온도에서는 감소하여, 14/10 ‚ 20/15℃의 온도 범위가 마늘의 생육에 우호적임을 알 수 있다. 그러나, 20/15℃ 이상의 온도에서는 잎줄기가 터지거나 마늘통이 갈라지거나 벌마늘을 형성하는 등의 이차생장 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서, 이차생장 발생률을 낮추면서 상품성이 높은 마늘을 생산하기 위해서는 재배기간 동안 14/10 ‚ 17/12℃에서 재배하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. We investigated growth, clove development, and photosystem II activity in garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown under different day/night temperature regimes using Soil-Plant-Atmosphere - Research (SPAR) chambers to determine the optimum cultivation temperature and to assess the impact of temperature stress on garlic. In the early stages of growth, plant growth increased markedly with temperature. At harvest time, however, the pseudostem diameter decreased significantly under a relatively low day/night temperature range (14/10 - 17/12℃), suggesting that these temperature conditions favor regular bulb growth. At harvest time, the bulb diameter and height were great at 14/10 - 23/18℃, whereas the bulb fresh weight and number of cloves per bulb were greatest at 17/12 - 20/15℃. However, the number of regularly developed cloves per bulb was highest at the relatively low temperature range of 14/10 - 17/12℃, as were the clove length and fresh weight. The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) of photosystem II in the leaves of garlic plants were higher at 14/10 - 20/15℃ and lower at temperatures below 14/10℃ or above 20/15℃, implying that the 14/10 - 20/15℃ temperature range is favorable, whereas temperatures outside this range are stressful for garlic growth. Furthermore, at temperatures above 20/15℃, secondary growth of garlic, defined as lateral bud differentiation into secondary plants, continuous growth of the cloves of the primary plants, or the growth of bulbil buds into secondary plants, was enhanced. Therefore, to achieve commercial production of fresh scapes and bulbs of garlic, it may be better to grow garlic at relatively low temperature ranges of 14/10 - 17/12℃.