실링 테이프 적용에 따른 시공조인트 균열 저항성 평가

이재준,이선행,김두병,이진욱 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3

PURPOSES: In order to evaluate a crack resistance at cold joint, sealing tape was adopted to apply at cold joint instead of typical tack coat material(RSC-4). The sealing tape was made by hot sealing material. The crack resistance as function of environmental and traffic loading was measured with visual observation. METHODS : In this study, the crack resistance was evaluated as function of environmental and traffic loading. The freeze-thaw method was adopted for environmental loading of asphalt pavement. condition. The damage of cold joint under freeze-thaw action is initiated by ice expansion load and accelerated by the interfacial damage between new and old asphalt pavement. The traffic loading was applied with wheel tracking machine on the cold joint area of the asphalt pavement for 3 hours at 25℃. The evaluation of crack resistance was measured with visual observation. The freeze-thaw results shows that the sealing tape was significantly increased the crack resistance based on. RESULTS : To estimate the crack resistance at cold joint area due to the environmental loading, the Freeze-thaw test was conducted by exposing the product to freezing temperature(approximately -18℃) for 24 hours, and then allowing it to thaw at 60℃ for 24 hours. The tack coat material(RSC-4) was debonded after 21 cycles of the Freeze-thaw test. The first crack was observed after 14 freeze-thaw cycle with RSC-4 material. But, the sealing tape was not debonded after 24 cycle test. Also, the sealing tape shows the better performance of the crack resistance under the traffic loading with wheel track test. The crack was generated the under traffic loading with RSC-4(tack coating), however, the crack was not shown with sealing tape. It indicates that the sealing tape has a strong resistance of tensile stress due to traffic loading. CONCLUSIONS: Based on limited laboratory test result, a performance of crack resistance using the sealing tape is better than that of general tack coat material(RSC-4). It means that the sealing tape is possible to extend a pavement service life because the crack, one of the main pavement distresses, will be delayed. Keywords Sealing Tape, Crack Resistance, Freeze-Thaw, Tensile Adhesion

플라이애쉬 콘크리트의 동결융해저항성에 관한 연구

배성용(SUNG-YONG BAE) 한국해양공학회 2001 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

It is generally known that the concrete structure subjected to severe environment is much affected by the corrosion of reinforcement, the freezing and thawing action of concrete structure. The main objective of this study is to investigate the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete including fly ash. The effect of the air content in concrete using fly ash is investigated. The experimental study is conducted for 10 mix-ratio cases of concrete of which variables are content of fly ash concrete compressive strength and containment of air-entrained admixtures. Test results show that the freezing and thawing resistance improves as the amounts of fly ash increase, and concrete with air-entrained admixtures has good freezing and thawing resistance. The concrete with fly ash is to be included air-entrained admixture according to content of fly ash in order to increase the freezing and thawing resistance.

저온 환경에서 Cronobacter sakazakii의 저항과 생존

김세훈 ( Se Hun Kim ),장성란 ( Sung Ran Jang ),정현정 ( Hyun Jung Chung ),방우석 ( Woo Suk Bang ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2011 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Cronobacter sakazakii has been isolated from a wide range of environmental sources and from several foods of animal and plant origin. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance of C. sakazakii (ATCC 12868, ATCC 29004, and ATCC 29544) in cold, cold-freeze thaw, cold-acid, and cold starvation-freeze thaw stress. The number of C. sakazakii decreased to 1 log CFU/mL at 5℃ (cold storage) for 10 days. When C. sakazakii was cultivated at a low temperature (13℃), the population of C. sakazakii ATCC 12868 and 29004 increased to 10(9) CFU/mL, and the population of C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 increased to 10(8) CFU/mL. For C. sakazakii ATCC 12868 and 29004, the cold-adapted cells (5℃ 24 hr) decreased by 4 log CFU/mL, and the low-temperature-cultivated cells (13℃) decreased by 0.5 log CFU/mL. In this study, low-temperature cultivation enhanced the freeze-thaw cross-resistance due to the metabolic changes in the cells. Cold stress (5℃ 48 hr, 13℃ cultivation) enhanced the cold-acid cross-resistance. The cold-starved cells in the sterilized 0.1% peptone water enhanced the freeze-thaw cross-resistance with significant differences (p<0.05). Therefore, the increased tolerance of the cold-adapted or low-temperature-cultivated C. sakazakii cells to freeze-thaw, acid, or starvation suggests that such environments should be considered when processing minimally processed foods or foods with extended shelf life.

배수성 아스팔트콘크리트 혼합물의 반복 동결융해 저항성 평가

조신행(Jo Shin Haeng),김낙석(Kim Nakseok) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.32 No.1D

겨울철의 영하의 날씨와 잦은 눈으로 인해 도로 포장의 파손이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로 포장의 동결융해 메커니즘을 살펴보고, 다양한 평가 방법을 통해 배수성 아스팔트 포장의 동결융해 저항성을 평가하였다. 동결융해 저항성의 평가방법은 강성 포장과 연성 포장이 각각의 특성에 따라 다양한 평가 방법을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 변형률의 측정, 수정 로트만 실험, 반복 동결융해 실험, 표면 박리 저항성 실험과 같은 강성 포장과 연성 포장의 대표적인 동결융해 저항성 실험을 적용하여 평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 배수성 아스팔트 콘크리트는 20%의 공극으로 인해 밀입도 아스팔트 콘크리트에 비해 온도에 따른 변형이 작은 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, 수분의 영향을 받는 동결융해 반복 실험에서도 수분의 원활한 배수와 수분의 동결 시 발생하는 팽창압을 분산시킬 수 있는 충분한 공극으로 인해 다른 종류의 아스팔트 혼합물에 비하여 동결 융해 저항성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. More and more pavements are suffering from damage these days due to the below-zero winter temperatures and frequent snowfalls. From this research, the freeze-thawing mechanisms of pavements will be observed, and the freeze-thawing resistance of porous asphalt concrete mixture is to be evaluated according to various assessment methods. The investigation was conducted through applying rigid and flexible pavements to freeze-thawing resistance experiments, which include various experiments such as deformation rate measurements, Lottman tests, repeated cyclic freeze-thawing experiments, stripping resistance tests and so on. Test results revealed that the porous asphalt concrete had less deformations according to temperatures compared to dense-graded asphalt concrete due to the 20% void gap. In addition, according to the freeze-thawing repetition experiments which are effected by moisture, the porous asphalt concrete mixture showed superior resistance to repeated cyclic freeze-thawing compared to other asphalt concrete mixtures due to the drainage and the voids within the specimen.

폐주물사의 치환율에 따른 콘크리트의 동결-융해 저항성에 관한 연구

전태성 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1998 産業科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The durability of concrete incorporating waste foundry sand(WFS) should be studied in order to inquire the feasibility of recycling the WFS by replacing the fine aggregates at concrete. This paper presents on the experimental results of the freeze-thaw resistance at concrete incorporating WFS. The main experimental variables are substitution ratio of WFS into fine aggregate, W/C ratio, and with or without air entrainment. The results are expressed in terms of compressive strength and relative dynamic modules of concrete as follows ; The compressive strength of concrete with WFS increase as the substitution ratio of WFS increase when air entrainment is used. The use of AE is strongly recommended for increasing the compressive strength and the freeze -thaw resistance of concrete incorporating WFS. It is verified that the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete with WFS fairly depends on the water-cement ratio, and it increase as the substitution ratio of WFS increase from 0% to 25% or 50%. Specially, it is improved very much at 50% of W/C as the substitution ratio increase. As a results, the waste foundry sand may be recycled in the concrete by substituting a portion of fine aggregate, from the experimental results on compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance.

폐주물사를 혼입한 콘크리트의 동결-융해 저항성에 관한 실험적 연구

윤경구,이주형,홍창우,박제선 한국콘크리트학회 1998 콘크리트학회지 Vol.10 No.4

콘크리트 구조물은 자연적인 혹은 인위적인 온도의 승, 강하로 인하여 동결-융해 작용을 받게 되어 구조물의 성능저하를 야기시킨다. 현대에 들어서면서 콘크리트의 내구특성을 파악하기 위한 연구적 요구가 증가되고 있다. 따라서 폐주물사 콘크리트를 실제 구조물에 적용하기 위해서는 내구특성에 대한 연구가 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 폐주물사를 혼입한 콘크리트의 내구특성을 파악하기 위한 동결-융해 실험은 폐주물사의 잔골재 치환율, 물-시멘트비, AE제 사용 여부를 주요 변수로 하여 실시하였다. 원형공시체를 제작하여, 동결-융해 시험기에 넣어 -18~4$^{\circ}C$로 급속 동결-융해를 진행시키면서 매 23싸이클마다 동탄성계수를 측정하였다. 실험결과 AE제를 첨가했을 때 물-시멘트비가 적을수록, 폐주물사의 치환율이 클수록 전반적으로 강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 물-시멘트비가 증가함에 따라, AE제를 사용한 콘크리트가 동결-융해 저항성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 폐주물사 치환율이 50%일때가 동결-융해 저항성이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 그 다음으로 25, 0% 순으로 저항성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 폐주물사 콘크리트가 내구성이 우수한 것으로 나타나 폐주물사를 콘크리트에 재활용할 수 있는것으로나타났다. Concrete structures has been deteriorated by and freezing the thawing due to temperature gap. This study was conducted to evaluate durability of concrete which are increasingly demanded recently. Therefore the research of durability must be executed for application of waste foundry sand concrete real structures. Concrete durability properties incorporating waste foundry sand was performed with the variable of W/C ratio. Sand/Waste foundry sand ratio and Air entrainment-Non air entrainment. Cylinder specimens were made and subjected to freezing and thawing cycle at -18$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$. Dynamic modulus of elasticity were evaluated as F/T cycle increase. The results show that strength of concrete is increased the W/C ratio decrease, the Sand/Waste foundry sand ratio increases when the concrete contains AE agent and decreasing W/C ratio and AE concrete makes improved resistance of freezing and thawing improved. Especially, resistance of freezing and thawing is improved by Fine aggregate/Waste foundry sand ratio which is 50%, 25%, 0% in a row. Therefore it is turn out the waste foundry sand could be applied to concrete from the experiment.

Effect of Entrained Air Voids on Salt Scaling Resistance of Concrete Containing a New Composite Cement

A.A. Ramezanianpour,M. Jafari Nadooshan,M. Peydayesh,A. M. Ramezanianpour 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.1

Salt scaling is a major damage problem for concrete pavements in cold environments. Salt scaling is a type of superficial damage caused by freezing and thawing a saline solution on the surface of concrete. Effects of a new composite Portland cement and air void on deicer scaling resistance of concrete were investigated in this paper. Another objective is to investigate effects of compressive strength, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and water penetration on the freeze-thaw deicer salt scaling. Specimens were tested for freeze-thaw deicer salt scaling resistance in accordance with ASTM C672 test method. Surface strengths of concrete play an important role in salt scaling resistance. There is no appropriate relationship between compressive strength and salt scaling resistance,when concrete mixtures are made with various cementitious materials. Results reveal that the mixture containing composite Portland cement with entrained air bubbles has the best performance in salt scaling test.

고 흡수성 폴리머를 혼입한 콘크리트의 압축 강도 및 동결융해 저항성 평가

김일순,최소영,양은익 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2020 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.5

When the Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) is added into concrete, the slump decreases rapidly, deteriorating the workability, the internal curing effect can be obtained through the water absorption and discharge process, and the internal voids of the concrete are increased. In this study, the effects of internal curing and voids were evaluated by evaluating the compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, and chloride penetration resistance of SAP-adding concrete that secured workability using a water reducing agent. Also, the internal curing effect of SAP was evaluated by dividing the curing conditions of concrete into water curing and sealed curing. From the result, as the SAP adding ratio increased, the amount of water reducing agent increased, and as for the compressive strength, the SAP adding ratio of 1.5% showed the greatest compressive strength. In particular, in the case of sealed curing showed higher compressive strength than the water curing. It is considered that the compressive strength increased due to the reduction of the effective water-cement ratio and the internal curing effect. Adding 1.0~1.5% of SAP improved the freeze-thaw resistance similar to the case of adding the AE agent, and the addition of more than 1.0% of SAP improved the chloride penetration resistance. The optimal adding ratio of SAP is 1.5%, and the adding ratio of 2.0% or more adversely affects the compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance. 고 흡수성 폴리머(SAP)가 콘크리트에 혼입되면 슬럼프가 급격하게 감소하여 시공성이 저하되며, 수분 흡수·방출 과정으로 내부 양생 효과를 얻을 수 있고, 콘크리트의 내부 공극을 증가시킨다. 본 연구에서는 감수제를 사용하여 시공성을 확보한 SAP 혼입 콘크리트의 압축강도 및 동결융해 저항성, 염화물 침투 저항성을 평가하여 내부 양생과 공극의 영향을 평가하였다. 또한 콘크리트의 양생 조건을 수중 양생과 봉함 양생으로 구분하여 SAP의 내부 양생 효과를 평가하였다. 실험 결과, SAP 혼입율이 증가할수록 감수제 사용량은 증가하였으며, 압축강도는 SAP 혼입율 1.5%가 가장 큰 압축강도를 나타냈다. 특히, 봉함 양생의 경우 수중 양생보다 큰 압축강도를 나타냈으며, 유효 물-시멘트 비 감소와 내부 양생 효과에 의해 압축강도가 증가한 것으로 판단된다. SAP를 1.0~1.5% 혼입하면 AE제를 혼입한 경우와 유사하게 동결융해 저항성이 개선되었으며, SAP를 1.0% 이상 사용하면 염화물 침투 저항성이 개선되었다. 최적의 SAP 혼입율은 1.5%이며, 2.0% 이상의 혼입율은 압축강도 및 동결융해 저항성에 악영향을 준다.

동결융해 작용을 받은 콘크리트의 공극구조 및 염화물 침투저항 특성

최윤석,원민식,이성태,양은익 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2012 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.6

콘크리트 구조물은 일반적으로 동결융해 작용을 받는 조건에 노출되고, 이러한 동결융해작용은 콘크리트의 공극구조를 변화시키고, 콘크리트의 내구성을 저하시킬 우려가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동결융해작용에 의한 콘크리트 내부공극구조 변화와 동결융해작용을 받은 콘크리트의 내구특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험결과, 기존의 동결융해 평가기법에 따르면 모든 배합에서 우수한 내구성능을 나타내었으나, 동결융해 작용에 노출됨에 따라 50~100nm 크기의 공극이 크게 증가하며, 콘크리트 염화물침투저항성이 저하하였다. 수중양생 콘크리트의 공극구조와 염화물 침투저항성은 선형관계를 보이지만, 동결융해작용을 받으면 내부공극구조의 변화로 선형관계가 저하하였다. 동결융해작용과 염화물침투를 동시에 받는 구조물의 내구성 평가기준에 대한 재검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Concrete structures are commonly exposed to freezing-thawing condition. This freezing-thawing action changes the pore structure of concrete, and it can reduce the durability of concrete. In this study, the change of the internal pore structure and durability of concrete due to freezing-thawing action are investigated. According to results, the excellent durability records were reported by the existing evaluation methods for all mixes. However, the pores, 50~100nm size in diameter, are increased in concrete specimens exposed to freezing-thawing action, and the chloride penetration resistance was significantly reduced. The linear relationship between pore structure and chloride penetration resistance was shown in water cured concrete. Meanwhile, the linear relationship was decreased when concrete is exposed to freezing-thawing condition. It is desirable to review the criterion of durability evaluation for concrete specimens exposed to freezing-fthawing and chloride attack condition, simultaneously.

Near surface characteristics of concrete: prediction of freeze/thaw resistance

Chan, Sammy Yin Nin,Dhir, Ravindra K.,Hewlett, Peter C.,Chang, Da Yong Techno-Press 1994 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.2 No.4

The durability of concrete is related to the permeation characteristics of its near surface. An attempt was made to use the permeation characteristics namely, absorptivity, permeability and diffusivity, to predict the freeze/thaw resistance of concrete. Test results indicate that in general, there was a trend that freeze/thaw resistance of concrete was enhanced with improved absorptivity and diffusivity whilst the freeze/thaw resistance of normal concrete was found to have the best relationship with its intrinsic permeability. The latter method is therefore proposed to be adopted to predict freeze/thaw resistance of normal concrete. Since Figg air test is an inexpensive and simple test method that measures indirectly the intrinsic permeability of concrete, it is further proposed that it could be used as a quality control tool to assess, non-destructively, the freeze/thaw durability potential of in-situ concrete.